2.1: Cell Theory Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main principles of cell theory?

A

All organisms are composed of one or more cells Cells are the smallest units of life All cells come from pre-existing cells

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2
Q

What has helped to gain credibility for the cell theory?

A

the microscope

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3
Q

What did Robert Hooke do and in what year?

A

1665, First observed cells looking at a piece of cork under a microscope he built

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4
Q

Who first observed cells looking at a piece of cork under a microscope he built in 1665?

A

Robert Hooke

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5
Q

What did Antonie van Leeuwenhoek do and in what year?

A

observed first living cells under a microscope in 1670

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6
Q

Who observed first living cells under a microscope in 1670?

A

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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7
Q

What were the 4 types of cell Antonie van Leeuwenhoek observed?

A

protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, and muscle fibers

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8
Q

What did Antonie van Leeuwenhoek refer to cells as?

A

animacules

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9
Q

Who referred to cells as animacules?

A

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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10
Q

What did Mathias Schleden say in 1838?

A

Plants are made of “independent, separate beings”

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11
Q

What did Louis Pasteur do in the 1860’s?

A

Boiled chicken broth and showed living organisms would not spontaneously reappear

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12
Q

What are the 6 functions of life?

A

metabolism, growth, reproduction, homeostasis, response, nutrition

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13
Q

What is metabolism?

A

all chemical reactions that occur in organisms

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14
Q

What are all chemical reactions that occur in organisms?

A

metabolism

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15
Q

What is growth?

A

always evident in some way

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16
Q

What is always evident in some way?

A

growth

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17
Q

What is reproduction?

A

hereditary molecules passed to offspring

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18
Q

What is hereditary molecules passed to offspring?

A

reproduction

19
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

maintaining constant internal environment

20
Q

What is maintaining constant internal environment?

A

homeostasis

21
Q

What is response?

A

essential for survival

22
Q

What is the essential for survival?

23
Q

What is nutrition?

A

using compounds to provide energy to organisms

24
Q

What is using compounds to provide energy to organisms?

25
How does a light microscope work?
light passes through the specimen to form an image
26
How does an electron microscope work?
electrons pass through a specimen to form an image
27
What is the size of most cells?
100 micrometers
28
What is the size of organelles?
10 micrometers
29
What is the size of bacteria?
1 micrometer
30
What is the size of viruses?
100 nano-meters
31
What is the size of the cell membrane (thickness)?
10 nano-meters
32
What is the size of molecules?
1 nano-meter
33
How do you determine the magnification?
size of image/size of specimen
34
Why don't cells keep growing?
surface area to volume ration limits the size of sails
35
What controls what enters and exits the cell?
cell membrane
36
What type of cells can move more materials in and out of the cell?
cells with higher surface area to volume ratios
37
What is the relationship between cell size and surface area?
inverse (large cell have a low surface area and small cells have a high surface area)
38
What is the process cells go through to become multiple cell types?
Cell Differentiation
39
What are two types of cells that lose the ability to reproduce once they differentiate?
nerve cells and muscle cells
40
What is the difference between stem cells and other types of cells?
stem cells Retain the ability to divide and differentiate into various cell types
41
Where are plant stem cells located?
meristematic tissue near roots
42
Where are animal stem cells located?
embryo
43
What type of microscope?
light
44
What type of microscope?
electron