2.5 Cell Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What phases are included in interphase?

A

G1, S, and G2

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2
Q

Describe the cell in G1.

A

Cell is smallest it will ever be at the beginning of this phase

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3
Q

What happens during G1?

A

growth

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4
Q

What happens during S Phase?

A

replication of DNA

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5
Q

What is the S Phase referred to as?

A

synthetic phase

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6
Q

What happens to cell in G2 phase?

A

cell grows and makes preparations for mitosis

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7
Q

What happens to organelles in G2 phase?

A

organelles may increase in number

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8
Q

What happens to DNA in G2 phase?

A

DNA begins to condense from chromatin to chromosomes

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9
Q

What happens to microtubules in G2 phase?

A

microtubules begin to form

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10
Q

What is step 1 of chromatin becoming chromosomes?

A

DNA wraps around histones to form nucleosomes

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11
Q

What is step 2 of chromatin becoming chromosomes?

A

Nucleosomes wrap around further to form solenoids

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12
Q

What is step 3 of chromatin becoming chromosomes?

A

Solenoids group together to form chromosomes

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13
Q

What is step 1 of prophase?

A

Chromatin fibers tightly coiled to form chromosomes

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14
Q

What is step 2 of prophase?

A

Nuclear envelope disintegrates

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15
Q

What is step 3 of prophase?

A

Mitotic spindle begins to form, complete at end of prophase

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16
Q

What is step 4 of prophase?

A

Centromere of each chromosome has region called “kinetochore” that attaches to spindle

17
Q

What is step 5 of prophase?

A

Centrosomes moves toward opposite poles of the cell due to lengthening microtubules

18
Q

What is step 1 of metaphase?

A

Chromosomes move to middle, or equator. This area is called the metaphase plate.

19
Q

What is step 2 of metaphase?

A

Chromosome’s centromere lies on the plate

20
Q

What is step 3 of metaphase?

A

Movement of chromosomes is due to action of the spindle which is made of microtubules.

21
Q

What is step 4 of metaphase?

A

Centrosomes now at opposite poles

22
Q

What is step 1 of anaphase?

A

Usually shortest phase, begins when two sister chromatids are split

23
Q

What is step 2 of anaphase?

A

Chromatids move to opposite poles of cell due to shortening of microtubules

24
Q

What is step 3 of anaphase?

A

Centromeres are attached to microtubules, so they are pulled first

25
What is step 4 of anaphase?
At the end, each pole has identical set of chromosomes
26
What is step 1 of telophase?
Chromosomes are at each pole
27
What is step 2 of telophase?
Nuclear membrane begins to reform around each set of chromosomes
28
What is step 3 of telophase?
Chromosomes start to elongate to form chromatin
29
What is step 4 of telophase?
Nucleoli reappear
30
What is step 5 of telophase?
Spindle apparatus disappears
31
What is step 6 of telophase?
Cell is elongated and ready for cytokinesis (division)
32
What is number 1?
centromere
33
What is number 2?
chromatid
34
What is number 3?
kinetochore
35
What is number 4?
microtubules
36
What phase is this?
prophase
37
What phase is this?
metaphase
38
What phase is this?
anaphase
39
What phase is this and what is number 1?
telophase and cytokinesis, cleavage furrow