2.3 Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards by Marcus Hunter

How are eukaryotic cells theorized to form?

Endosymbiotic theory

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How is the nucleus shaped?

Double membrane (nuclear envelope), with pores to allow communication with cytoplasm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When cell is not dividing where are the chromosomes?

not visible. exist in the form of chromatin at this time

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is chromatin made of?

strands of DNA and 8 histones that make up a nucleosome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is difference in location of nucleus between plant and animal cell?

nucleus centrally located in animal cells, pushed to the side in plant cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where are ribosomes manufactured?

nucleolus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm between organelles called?

cytosol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is cytosol?

the fluid portion of the cytoplasm between organelles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does endoplasmic reticulum do (lipids)(2)?

produces lipids and phospholipids for membrane, transports lipid-based compounds

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does endoplasmic reticulum do (sex hormones)?

produces sex hormones

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does endoplasmic reticulum do (drugs)?

detoxification of drugs in liver cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does endoplasmic reticulum do (calcium)?

stores calcium ions for muscle contraction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does endoplasmic reticulum do (glucose)?

aids liver in releasing glucose into bloodstream

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes?

rough ER has ribosomes on it, smooth Er doesn’t

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where are ribosomes located?

attached to rough ER or floating in cytoplasm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the difference between ribosomes in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Eukaryotes – two subunits equal 80S Prokaryotes – two subunits equal 70S

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the golgi apparatus consists of?

flattened sacs called cisternae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the golgi apparatus responsible for?

Collection, packaging, modification, and distribution of materials

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is responsible for the collection, packaging, modification, and distribution of materials?

golgi apparatus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where is the cis side of the golgi apparatus?

near the rough ER

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are lysosomes?

digestive centers that come from golgi apparatus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do lysosomes do?

break down proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates, fuse with old organelles to help recycle them, break down materials brought into cell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are mitochondria?

“Powerhouse” of the cell, producing usable cellular energy in the form of ATP

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of ribosomes to mitochondria produce?

70S

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is important about the inner membrane of mitochondria?

Inner membrane is folded into cristae to increase surface area for cellular respiration

What types of cells are chloroplasts located?

algae and plant cells

What part of the chloroplast absorbs light?

thylakoids

What is the stroma?

similar to cytosol, contains enzymes necessary for photosynthesis

What is the centrosome?

Consists of a pair of centrioles at right angle to one another that are involved in assembling microtubules

What are microtubules important for?

cell division

What type of organism don't have centrioles?

Plants

What are vacuoles?

storage organelles formed from Golgi apparatus

What do vacuoles store?

nutrients, metabolic waste, toxins, water

What do vacuoles allow cells to do?

have high surface area to volume

What do vacuoles allow in plants?

allow uptake of water providing rigidity

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in regards to DNA and proteins?

Pcells- Dna in a ring form without protein Ecells- DNA with proteins as chromosomes/chromatin

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in regards to DNA location?

Pcells- DNA free in cytoplasm (nucleoid region) Ecells- DNA enclosed within a nuclear envelope (nucleus)

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in regards to mitochondria?

Pcells- no mitochondria Ecells- mitochondria present

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in regards to ribosomes?

Pcells- 70S ribosomes Ecells- 80S ribosomes

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in regards to internal compartmentalization?

Pcells- No internal compartmentalization to form organelles Ecells- Internal compartmentalization present to form many types of organelles

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in regards to size?

Pcells-Size less than 10 micrometers Ecells-size more than 10 micrometers

What is the difference between plant and animal cells in regards to exterior of the cell?

Pcells- exterior of cell includes an outer cell wall with a plasma membrane just inside Acells- exterior of cell includes only a plasma membrane, no cell wall

What is the difference between plant and animal cells in regards to chloroplasts?

Pcells- chloroplasts are present in cytoplasm Acells- no chloroplasts

What is the difference between plant and animal cells in regards to vacuoles?

Pcells- possess large central vacuoles Acells- vacuoles not ususlly present, or very small

What is the difference between plant and animal cells in regards to carbohydrates?

Pcells- store carbohydrates as starch Acells- store carbohydrates as glycogen

What is the difference between plant and animal cells in regards to centrioles?

Pcells- do not contain centrioles within a centrosome area Acells- contain centrioles within a centrosome area

What is the difference between plant and animal cells in regards to cell shape?

Pcells-because a rigid cell wall is present, this cell type has a fixed angular shape Acells- without a cell wall, this cell is flexible and more likely to be rounded shape

What are the exceptions to cell theory?

1) Viruses cannot metabolize or reproduce on their own 2) Skeletal muscle and some fungal hyphae are not divided into cells but have a multinucleate cytoplasm.

What is number 1?