Topic 5.3: Classification of Biodiversity Flashcards
(85 cards)
Define binomial system of nomenclature
The binomial system of nomenclature is the formal system by which all living species are classified (taxonomy)
According to the binomial system of nomenclature, every organism is designated a scientific name with two parts:
Genus is written first and is capitalised (e.g. Homo)
Species follows and is written in lower case (e.g. Homo sapiens)
What are the 3 domains of life?
eukarya, archaea, eubacteria
Define eukarya
Eukarya – eukaryotic organisms that contain a membrane-bound nucleus (includes protist, plants, fungi and animals)
Define archaea
Archaea – prokaryotic cells lacking a nucleus and consist of the extremophiles (e.g. methanogens, thermophiles, etc.)
Define eubacteria
Eubacteria – prokaryotic cells lacking a nucleus and consist of the common pathogenic forms (e.g. E. coli, S. aureus, etc.)
Define taxonomy
Taxonomy is the science involved with classifying groups of organisms on the basis of shared characteristics
What are the 7 taxa in order?
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species
What is the classification of a human?
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primate
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: sapiens
Describe bryophta
Has no vascularisation (i.e. lacks xylem and phloem)
Has no ‘true’ leaves, roots or stems (are anchored by a root-like structure called a rhizoid)
Reproduce by releasing spores from sporangia (reproductive stalks)
Examples include mosses and liverworts
Describe filicinophyta
Has vascularisation (i.e xylem and phloem)
Have leaves, roots and stems (leaves are pinnate – consisting of large fronds divided into leaflets)
Reproduce by releasing spores from clusters called sori on the underside of the leaves
Examples include ferns
Describe coniferophyta
Has vascularisation
Have leaves, roots and stems (stems are woody and leaves are waxy and needle-like)
Reproduce by non-motile gametes (seeds) which are found in cones
Examples include pine trees and conifers
Define angiospermophyta
Has vascularisation
Have leaves, roots and stems (individual species may be highly variable in structure)
Reproduce by seeds produced in ovules within flowers (seeds may develop in fruits)
Examples include all flowering plants and grasses
Which phylum of plants Has no vascularisation (i.e. lacks xylem and phloem)?
Bryophyta
Which phylum of plants Has no ‘true’ leaves, roots or stems (are anchored by a root-like structure called a rhizoid)?
Bryophyta
Which phylum of plants Reproduce by releasing spores from sporangia (reproductive stalks)?
Bryophyta
Which phylum of plants Examples include mosses and liverworts
?
Bryophyta
Which phylum of plants Has vascularisation (i.e xylem and phloem)?
Filicinophyta, Coniferophyta, Angiospermophyta
Which phylum of plants Have leaves, roots and stems (leaves are pinnate – consisting of large fronds divided into leaflets)?
Filicinophyta
Which phylum of plants Reproduce by releasing spores from clusters called sori on the underside of the leaves?
Filicinophyta
Which phylum of plants Examples include ferns?
Filicinophyta
Which phylum of plants Have leaves, roots and stems (stems are woody and leaves are waxy and needle-like)?
Coniferophyta
Which phylum of plants Reproduce by non-motile gametes (seeds) which are found in cones?
Coniferophyta
Which phylum of plants Examples include pine trees and conifers?
Coniferophyta
Which phylum of plants Have leaves, roots and stems (individual species may be highly variable in structure)?
Angiospermophyta
