Antimicrobial chemotherapy side affects of common agents

Question 1

which organims is benzyl penicillin used against?

Answer 1

gram positive, eg pneumococcal, miningococcal, and strep. pyogenes infections

Question 2

how is benzyl penicillin administered?

Answer 2

IV

Question 3

amoxicillin and ampicillin

Answer 3

treats gram negative infections, also treats streptococci, enterococcal and some coliforms

Question 4

mode of administration for amoxicillin and ampicillin

Answer 4

oral absorption

Question 5

what does co-amoxiclav treat?

Answer 5

normal range for amoxicillin (gram negative, streptococci and some coliforms) plus β-lactamase producing coliforms

Question 6

what does flucloxacillin treat?

Answer 6

staphylococcal infections as is resistant to staph. β-lactamase action.

Question 7

what does Piperacillin treat?

Answer 7

extended gram negative cover, also acts against enterococcus faecalis and pseudomonas also has anti-anaerobic activity.

Question 8

imipenem and meropenem

Answer 8

active against most bacteria, including anaerobes

Question 9

which organisms do cephalosporins act against?

Answer 9

gram negative and gram positive

Question 10

1st generation cephalosporin

Answer 10

cephradine

Question 11

2nd generation cephalosporin

Answer 11

cefuroxime

Question 12

3rd generation cephalosporin

Answer 12

ceftriaxone and ceftazidime

Question 13

how does action against gram negative organisms change with increasing generations of cephalosporins?

Answer 13

activity increases

Question 14

how does action against gram positive organisms change with increasing generations of cephalosporins?

Answer 14

activity decreases

Question 15

which species can ceftazidime act against that other cephalosprorins can’t?

Answer 15

pseudomonas species

Question 16

which oganisms are aminoglycosides, such as gentamicin, used against?

Answer 16

act against gram negative organisms including pseudomonas. also acts against most staphylococci but not streptococci?

Question 17

how are aminoglycosides administered?

Answer 17

parenterally

Question 18

which organisms do glycopeptides such as vancomysin and teicoplanin act against?

Answer 18

only gram positive

Question 19

how are glycopeptides adiministered?

Answer 19

parenterally

Question 20

which organisms do macrolides such as clarithromycin and erythromycin act against?

Answer 20

mainly gram positive and organisms causing atypical pneumonia

Question 21

what is the macrolide azithromycin used for?

Answer 21

used against single dose treatment of chlamydia

Question 22

which organisms do quinolones act against?

Answer 22

acts against nearly all gram negative organisms

Question 23

first generation quinolone

Answer 23

nalidixic acid

Question 24

second generation quinolone

Answer 24

ciprofloxacin

Question 25

third generation quinolone

Answer 25

levofloxacin

Question 26

what does metronidazole act against?

Answer 26

effective against anaerobes both gram positive and negative

Question 27

what does fusidic acid act against?

Answer 27

only acts against staphylococcal drug, useful against staphylococcal osteomyelitis and pneumonia

Question 28

what is trimethoprim used to treat?

Answer 28

urinary tract infections

Question 29

what is co-trimoxazole?

Answer 29

a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole

Question 30

what is co-trimoxazole used to treat?

Answer 30

chest infections, as does not cause clostridium infections

Question 31

what are tetracyclines used to treat and who should they not be given to?

Answer 31

used in chlamydia infections of the genital tract. should not be given to pregnant women and children under 12.

Question 32

which organisms does clindamycin act on?

Answer 32

gram positive organisms also has good action against anaerobes.

Question 33

what is nalidixic acid used to treat?

Answer 33

urinary tract infections caused by coliforms

Question 34

what is nitrofurantoin used to treat?

Answer 34

urinary tract infections caused by gram negative (except proteus and pseudomonas) and some gram positive organisms

Question 35

what is linezoid used to treat?

Answer 35

MRSA

Question 36

which organisms does daptomycin act against?

Answer 36

gram positive only

Question 37

what is fidaxomicin used to treat?

Answer 37

C. difficile infections