Tumour pathology important genes etc.

Question 1

what does the proto-oncogene sis code for?

Answer 1

the growth factor PDGF

Question 2

how does the proto-oncogene sis become an oncogene?

Answer 2

overexpression

Question 3

which cancers does the over expression of sis cause?

Answer 3

astrocytoma, osteosarcomma

Question 4

what does the proto-oncogene erb-B2 code for?

Answer 4

Growth factor receptor: EGF-receptor family

Question 5

how does the proto-oncogene erb-B2 become an oncogene?

Answer 5

amplification

Question 6

which cancers are caused by the amplification of erb-B2 cause?

Answer 6

breast, ovarian, lung, stomach

Question 7

what does the proto-oncogene ras code for?

Answer 7

signal transducers: GTP-binding

Question 8

how does the proto-oncogene ras become an oncogene?

Answer 8

point mutation

Question 9

which cancers are caused by a point mutation of the proto-oncogene ras?

Answer 9

lung, colon, pancreas, leukaemia

Question 10

what does the proto-oncogene myc code for?

Answer 10

nuclear regulatory protein: transcriptional activators

Question 11

what turns the proto-oncogene myc into an oncogene?

Answer 11

translocation

Question 12

which cancers is caused by the translocation in the myc gene?

Answer 12

Burkitt lymphoma

Question 13

what does the proto-oncogene cyclin D code for?

Answer 13

the cell cycle regulator cyclin

Question 14

which cancers is caused by translocation of the proto-oncogene cyclin D?

Answer 14

mantle cell lymphoma

Question 15

which cancers are caused by the amplification of the proto-oncogene cyclin-D?

Answer 15

breast, liver, oesophageal

Question 16

what does the proto-oncogene CDK4 code for?

Answer 16

cell cycle regulators: cyclin dependent kinases

Question 17

which cancers are causes by the amplification if the proto-oncogene CDK4 turning it into an oncogene?

Answer 17

melanoma, sarcoma

Question 18

what is the function of the tumour suppressor gene APC?

Answer 18

signal transduction

Question 19

which cancers are caused by a somatic mutation in the APC tumour suppressor gene?

Answer 19

gastric, colon, pancreas, melanoma

Question 20

which cancers are caused by an inherited mutation in the APC tumour suppressor gene?

Answer 20

FAP colon cancer

Question 21

what is the function of the tumour suppressor gene p53?

Answer 21

cell cycle/ apoptosis after DNA damage

Question 22

which cancers are caused by a somatic mutation in the p53 gene?

Answer 22

most cancers

Question 23

which cancers are caused by an inherited mutation in the p53 gene?

Answer 23

Li-Fraumeni syndrome: causes multiple carcinomas and sarcomas

Question 24

what is the function of the tumour suppressor gene Rb?

Answer 24

cell cycle regulation

Question 25

which cancers are caused by a somatic mutation in the Rb gene?

Answer 25

retinoblastoma, colon, lung, breast carcinomas

Question 26

which cancers are caused by an inherited mutation in the Rb gene?

Answer 26

retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma

Question 27

what is the function of the tumour suppressor gene P16 (INK4a)?

Answer 27

inhibits CDK's

Question 28

which cancers are caused by a somatic mutation in the P16 (INK4a) gene?

Answer 28

pancreatic, oesophageal carcinomas

Question 29

which cancers are caused by a inherited mutation in the P16 (INK4a) gene?

Answer 29

malignant melanoma

Question 30

what is the purpose of the tumour suppressor genes BRCA-1 and BRCA-2?

Answer 30

DNA repair

Question 31

which cancers are caused by a somatic mutation in the BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 genes?

Answer 31

none

Question 32

which cancers are caused by an inherited mutation in the BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 genes?

Answer 32

breast and ovarian

Question 33

what is alpha-fetoprotein the tumour biomarker for?

Answer 33

teratoma of the testis and hepatocellular cancer

Question 34

what is carcino-embyonic antigen the tumour biomarker for?

Answer 34

colorectal cancer

Question 35

what is oestrogen receptor the tumour biomarker for?

Answer 35

breast cancer

Question 36

what is prostate specific antigen the tumour biomarker for?

Answer 36

prostate cancer

Question 37

what is the common site of metastases of breast cancer?

Answer 37

bone

Question 38

what is the common site of metastases of prostate cancer?

Answer 38

bone

Question 39

what is the common site of metastases of colorectal cancer?

Answer 39

liver

Question 40

what is the common site of metastases of ovarian cancer?

Answer 40

omentum

Question 41

what is Kras the tomour biomarker for?

Answer 41

colorectal cancer

Question 42

what is Braf the tumout biomarker for?

Answer 42

Melanoma

Question 43

what is EGFR the tumour biomarker for?

Answer 43

lung cancer

Question 44

what is PD-L1 the tumour biomarker for?

Answer 44

lung cancer

Question 45

what is Her2 the tumour biomarker for?

Answer 45

breast cancer, gastric cancer

Question 46

proto-oncogenes

Answer 46

``` sis erb-B2 myc ras cyclin D CDK-4 ```

Question 47

tumour supressor genes

Answer 47

``` BRCA-1 BRCA-2 Rb p53 APC P16(INK4A) ```