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Pharmacology > Autonomic Drugs > Flashcards

Autonomic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Direct Acting Cholinomimetics

A 
Acetylcholine
Carbachol
Bethanechol
Pilocarpine
Nicotine
Varenicline
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2
Q

Direct Acting Cholinomimetics: Cholinesterase Inhibitors

A

Quarternary Amines (can’t cross BBB)

Edrophonium
Neostigmine
Pyridostigmine

Tertiary Amines (can cross BBB)

Physostigmine
Donepezil
Rivastigmine
Galantamine

Organophosphates

Echothiopate (irreversible)

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3
Q

Antimuscarinic Agents

A 
Atropine
Scopolamine
Ipratropium, Tiotropium
Tropicamide, Cyclopentolate
Benztropine, Trihexyphenidyl
Oxybutynin
Fesoterodine
Solifenacin
Tolterodine
Trospium Chloride

OTHERS

Pralidoxime

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4
Q

Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers

A 
Curare
Cisatracurium
Pancuronium
Rocuronium
Vecuronium
Atracurium
Tubocurarine
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5
Q

Direct Acting Adrenergic Agonist

A 
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Fenoldopam
Dobutamine
Oxymetazoline
Phenylephrine
Midodrine
Clonidine
Albuterol, Terbutaline
Salmeterol, Formoterol
Ritodrine
Mirabegron
Methyldopa, Guanfancine, Guanabenz
Apraclonidine, Brimonidine
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6
Q

Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers

A

Succinylcholine

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7
Q

Indirect Acting Adrenergic Agonists

A

Amphetamine

Tyramine

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8
Q

Mixed Acting Adrenergic Agonists

A

Ephedrine

Pseudoephedrine

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9
Q

Adrenergic Antagonist

A

ALPHA-RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST DRUGS

Phenotolamine
Phenoxybenzamine
Prazosin
Terazosin
Tamsulosin
Alfuzosin
Yohimbine
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10
Q

Benzodiazepenes

A 
Alprazolam 
Triazolam
Oxazepam
Midazolam 
Temazepam
Lorazepam 
Clonazepam
Chlordiazepoxide 
Diazepam
Flurazepam

Clorazepate
Estazolam
Quazepam

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11
Q

Barbiturates

A 
Amobarbital
Butabarbital
Mephobarbital
Pentobarbital
Phenobarbital
Secobarbital
Thiopental
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12
Q

Child has swallowed the contents of ,2 bottles of a nasal decongestant whose primary ingredient is a potent selective a adrenoceptor agonist drug.

The signs of alpha activation that may occur in this patient include

a. bronchodilation
b. cardioacceleration
c. pupillary dilation (mydriasis)
d. vasodilation
e. all of the above

A

C. pupillary dilation (mydriasis)

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13
Q

Full activation of the sympathetic nervous system as in maximal exercise can produce ALL of the ff responses EXCEPT

a. bronchodilation
b. decreased intestinal motility
c. increased renal blood flow
d. mydriasis
e. increased heart rate (tachycardia)

A

c. increased renal blood flow

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14
Q

Nicotinic receptor sites include ALL of the ff EXCEPT

a. bronchial smooth muscle
b. adrenal medullary cells
c. parasympathetic ganglia
d. skeletal muscle
e. sympathetic ganglia

A

a. bronchial smooth muscles

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15
Q

Several children at a summer camp were hospitalized with symptoms thought to be due to ingestion of food containing botulinum toxin. The effects of botulinum toxin include

a. Bronchospasm
b. Accomodation
c. Diarrhea
d. Increase Heart Rate

A

d. Increase Heart Rate

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16
Q

Parathion has which one of the ff characteristics?

a. Inactivated by conversion to paraoxon
b. It is less toxic to human than malathion
c. It is poorly absorbed through skin and lungs
d. Its toxicity if treated early may be partly reversed by pralidoxime

A

d. Its toxicity if treated early may be partly reversed by pralidoxime

17
Q

Parathion has which one of the ff characteristics?

a. Inactivated by conversion to paraoxon
b. It is less toxic to human than malathion
c. It is poorly absorbed through skin and lungs
d. Its toxicity if treated early may be partly reversed by pralidoxime

A
18
Q

A crop duster pilot has been accidentally exposed to a high concentration of agricultural organophosphate insecticide. If untreated the cause of death from such a poisoning would probably be

a. cardiac arrhythmia
b. GI bleeding
c. heart failure
d. hypertension
e. respiratory failure

A

e. respiratory failure

19
Q

Mr. Green has just been diagnosed with myasthenia gravis. Pyridostigmine and neostigmine may cause which one of the ff?

a. Bronchodilation
b. Cycloplegia
c. Diarrhea
d. Irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase
e. Reduced gastric acid secretion

A

C. diarrhea

20
Q

Atropine overdose may cause which one of the ff?

a. GI smooth muscle cramping
b. Increased cardiac rate
c. Increased gastric secretion
d. Pupillary constriction
e. Urinary frequency

A

B. Increased cardiac rate

21
Q

Dilation of vessels in skeletal muscles, constriction of cutaneous vessels and positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on heart are all actions of

a. Acetylcholine
b. Epinephrine
c. Isoproterenol
d. Metaproterenol
e. Norepinephrine

A

e. Epinephrine

22
Q

B2 stimulants frequently cause

a. Direct stimulation of renin release
b. Increased cGMP in mast cells
c. Skeletal muscle tremor
d. Vasodilation in the heart

A

c. Skeletal muscle tremor

23
Q

Phenylephrine causes

a. constriction of vessels in the nasal mucosa
b. increased gastric secretion and motility
c. increased skin temp
d. miosis

A

a. constriction of vessels in the nasal mucosa

24
Q

Adverse effects that limit the use of adrenoceptor blockers include

a. bronchoconstriction from a blockung agents
b. heart failure exacerbation from B blockers
c. impaired blood sugar response with a blockers
d. increased intraocular pressure w/ B blockers
e. sleep disturbances form a blocking drugs

A

b. heart failure exacerbation from B blockers

25
Q

Which of the ff features characterizes the ANS

a. single neuron transmission
b. presence of ganglia
c. effects under volitional control
d. terminal NT is mainly serotonin

A

b. presence of ganglia

26
Q

Reserpine can lower BP and depress CNS. What enzyme or part of biosynthetic pathway is (-) by reserpine?

a. DOPA decarboxylase
b. storage of catecholamjnes in the presynaptic vesicles
c. release of NE from presynaptic terminals
d. MAO enzyme
e. Uptake-1 mechanism

A

b. storage of catecholamines in the presynaptic vesicles

O - metyrosine
S - reserpine
R- guanadril, bretyllium

27
Q

Which of the ff is an expected response to alpha 1 adrenoceptor stimulation?

a. Uterine smooth relaxation
b. GI sphincter, constriction
c. ciliary muscle relaxation
d. GI wall smooth muscle contraction
e. platelet aggregation

A

b. GI sphincter, constriction

ACTIONS ALPHA 1

  • prostatic contraction
  • vasoconstriction
  • radial - MYDRIASIS
  • pilomotor erection
  • sphincter contraction
28
Q

50 year old male farmer worker is brought to the emergency room. He was found confuse in the orchard and since then he lost consciousness. His HR is 45 and BP is 80/40. He is sweating, salivating profusely. Which of the ff treatment is indicated?

A

a. Physostigmine
b. NE
c. Trimethaphan
d. Atropine

D. ATROPINE

29
Q

Which one of the ff drugs most closely resembles atropine in its pharmacologic actions?

a. Scopolamine
b. Physostigmine
c. Acetylcholine
d. Carbachol

A

a. Scopolamine

30
Q

Which one from the ff drugs does NOT produce miosis?

a. carbachol
b. isofluorophate
c. atropine
d. pilocarpine

A

c. atropine

Pharmacology (72 decks)

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