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Pharmacology > General Anesthesia > Flashcards

General Anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

Inhalational Anesthetics

A

Nitrous Oxide

Halothane -hepatotoxic

Desflurane - causes reflex tachycardia; bronchoconstriction; ekis sa asthma

Isoflurane - causes reflex tachycardia; coronary steal syndrome; ekis sa pheochromocytoma

Enflurane
Sevoflurane
Methoxyflurane

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2
Q

LEAST POTENT FASTEST ONSET

A

Nitrous Oxide

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3
Q

MOST POTENT SLOWEST ONSET

A

Methoxyflurane

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4
Q

Effects of Anesthesia

A

CNS depression
Respiratory depression
CV depression
smooth muscle relaxation

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5
Q

Malignant Hyperthermia

mutation in ryanodine receptor –> uncontrolled release of calcium from SR

A 
muscle rigidity
hyperthermia
tachycardia
hypercapnia
hyperkalemia
metabolic acidosis
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6
Q

Treatment for Malignant Hyperthermia

A

DANTROLENE

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7
Q

Intravenous Anesthetics

A 
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepenes
Ketamine
Etomidate
Propofol
Dexmedetomidine
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8
Q

MOA of Barbiturates

A

bind to GABAa

increase DURATION of chloride channels

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9
Q

MOA of Benzodiazepenes

A

bind to GABAa

increase FREQUENCY of chloride channels

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10
Q

Antidote of Benzodiazepenes

A

FLUMAZENIL

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11
Q

MOA of Ketamine

A

NMDA antagonist

causes DISSOCIATIVE AMNESIA

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12
Q

MOA of Etomidate

A

modulates GABAa receptors containing B3 subunits

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13
Q

Adverse effects of Etomidate

A

ADRENOCORTICAL SUPRESSION

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14
Q

MOA of Propofol

A

potentiates GABAa receptors

blocks Na channels

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15
Q

IV anesthetics induction of choice

A

Propofol

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16
Q

Called the MILK OF MAGNESIA

Contains EGG LECITHIN

A

Propofol

17
Q

Cardinal Feature of Propofol Infusion Syndrome

A

metabolic acidosis

18
Q

Fentanyl + Droperidol causes

A

NEUROLEPTANALGESIA

19
Q

Fentanyl + Droperidol + Nitrous Oxide causes

A

NEUROLEPTANESTHESIA

20
Q

MOA of DEXMEDETOMIDINE

A

sedative analgesic agent

alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist

21
Q

Opioid ANTIDODE

A

NALOXONE

22
Q

BEST inhalational anesthetics for patients with HEART FAILURE

A

ISOFLURANE
DESFLURANE
SEVOFLURANE

depress normal cardiac contractility via VASODILATION BUT CO is PRESERVED

23
Q

Produces the MOST CO out of all inhaled anesthetics

A

Desflurane

24
Q

Inhalational Anesthetics

Contraindicated in patients with asthma
PUNGENT ODOR
bronchoconstrictor!!!

A

Desflurane

25
Q

Inhalational Anesthetics

SWEET SMELLING
BEST for ASTHMATIC

SE: nephrotoxic

A

Sevoflurane

26
Q

Inhalational Anesthetics

SE: CORONARY STEAL SYNDROME

A

Isoflurane

27
Q

Inhalational Anesthetics

SE: spike and wave activity in EEG, muscle twitching, breath holding

PUNGENT ODOR

A

Enflurane

28
Q

Inhalational Anesthetics

HIGHEST POTENCY
LOWEST MAC

A

Methoxyflurane

29
Q

Inhalational Anesthetics

SE: Hepatitis

A

Halothane

30
Q

Intravenous Anesthetics

NMDA antagonist
Weak GABAa modulation

for DISSOCIATE ANESTHESIA

ideal for asthmatic patients

A

PHENYCYCLIDINE DERIVATIVE

Ketamine

SE:
emergence delirium
increased ICP
lacrimation and salivation

31
Q

Intravenous Anesthetics

Modulates GABAa receptors containing B3 subunits

Induction agent of choice for UNSTABLE PATIENT (limited cardiac or respiratory reserve)

A

IMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVE

Etomidate

SE:
adrenocortical suppression

32
Q

Intravenous Anesthetics

Interact with m (mu), delta and k (kappa) receptors for endogenous opioid peptides

for ANALGESIA

A

OPIOID ANALGESICS

Fentanyl
Morphine
Alfentanil
Remifentanil

SE:
respiratory depression
chest wall rigidity

33
Q

Intravenous Anesthetics

Potentiates GABAa receptors
Blocks Na channels

“MILK OF MAGNESIA”

IV anesthetic induction of choice
sedation for ICU patients and outpatients procedures

A

Propofol

34
Q

Alternative general anesthetic maintenance for patients susceptible to malignant hyperthermia

A

Propofol

35
Q

Binds to GABAa receptor sites

for INCREASED ICP

do NOT produce analgesia rather CAUSE HYPERALGESIA

A

BARBITURATES

Thiopental
Methohexital - for identification of epileptic foci
Thiamylal

36
Q

Binds to GABAa receptor sites

A

BENZODIAZEPINES

Midazolam
Brotizolam
Triazolam
Oxazepam
Etizolam
Lorazepam

SE:
anterograde amnesia

37
Q

Usual adjunct with INHALATIONAL ANESTHETICS and IV OPIOIDS

A

Midazolam

38
Q

Novel sedative analgesic agent

Alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist

A

Dexmedetomidine

Pharmacology (72 decks)

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