Pharmacokinetics

Question 1

Action of the BODY on the drug

Answer 1

PHARMACOKINETICS

LADME
Liberation
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

Question 2

Elimination

Answer 2

Metabolism + Excretion

Question 3

Transfer of DRUG from its site of administration to the BLOODSTREAM

Answer 3

Absorption

Question 4

MC route of drug administration

Significant 1st pass

Answer 4

Oral (Swallowed)

Question 5

Direct absorption into the systemic venous circulation (bypasses the 1st pass effect)

Answer 5

Buccal and Sublingual

Question 6

Instantaneous and complete absorption that BYPASSES 1st pass effect

Answer 6

Intravenous

Question 7

Absorption is more complete than oral

anticoagulants CANNOT be given by this route - may cause HEMATOMA

Answer 7

Intramuscular

Question 8

Bypasses the 1st pass effect

Slower absorption than IM

Answer 8

Subcutaneous

Question 9

PARTIAL avoidance of 1st pass effect

Answer 9

Rectal suppository

Question 10

Offers delivery closest to the respiratory tissues

VERY RAPID ABSORPTION with minimal systemic effects

Answer 10

Inhalational

Question 11

Application to the skin or mucous membrane for LOCAL EFFECT

SLOWEST of drug administration

Answer 11

Topical

Question 12

Application to the skin for SYSTEMIC effects

Answer 12

Transdermal

Question 13

The fraction of ADMINISTERED DRUG that reaches SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

Answer 13

Bioavailability

Question 14

Safe range b/w the minimum effective concentration and the minimum toxic concentration of a drug

Answer 14

Therapeutic window

Question 15

Process wherein drug REVRSIBLY leaves the bloodstream and enters the target organ

Answer 15

DISTRIBUTION

4 factors:
size of the organ
blood flow
solubility
protein binding

Question 16

The dose required to achieve a specific plasma drug concentration with a single administration

Answer 16

Loading Dose

Question 17

The dose required for regular administration to maintain a target plasma

Answer 17

Maintenance Dose

Question 18

Process by which drugs are chemically altered in the body

Answer 18

METABOLISM

termination
activation
elimination without metabolism

Question 19

Reactions the convert the parent to a MORE POLAR (WATER SOLUBLE) or more reactive product by unmasking or inserting a polar functional group

Answer 19

PHASE I - Biotransformation/Functionalization

Question 20

Reactions the involve CONJUGATION of subgroups to -OH,-NH2, and -SH functions on the drug molecule

makes the drug MORE POLAR

Answer 20

PHASE 2 - Synthesis/Conjugation

Question 21

Cytochrome P450 INDUCERS

Answer 21

Ethanol (chronic ingestion)
Barbiturates (EXCEPT secobarbital)
Phenytoin
Rifampicin
Griseofulvin
Carbamazepine
St. John's Wort/Smoking
Glutethimide
Phenylbutazone
Ritonavir