Flashcards in Chapter 11 Deck (48):
1
Who is the founding member of the Positive School of Criminology?
Cesare Lombroso (1835)
2
Cesare Lombroso was an _______ ________ and former ________.
Italian positivist
surgeon
3
_______ _________ was an Italian positivist and former surgeon.
Cesare Lombroso
4
Cesare Lombroso founded “________”.
atavists
5
_______ _________ founded “atavists”.
Cesare Lombroso
6
What is an “atavists”?
subhumans that were a biological throwback or reversion to our caveman ancestors
7
What are the characteristics of “atavists”?
(1) excessive hair
(2) huge foreheads
(3) big jaws
(4) swollen lips
(5) bull-leggedness
(6) hunch-backs
(7) flared nostrils
(8) asymmetrical face
(9) beady and deep-set eyes
8
Who did Lombroso take influence from?
Charles Darwin’s idea of origin of species
9
According to Lombroso, what are the three types of criminals?
(1) Born Criminal
(2) Insane Criminal
(3) Criminaloid
10
What is the born criminals’ characteristics?
exhibits the traits of “atavists”
11
What is the insane criminals’ characteristics?
low intelligence and serious psychological problems/degeneracy
12
What is the criminaloids’ characteristics?
-no physical stigmata or signs of psychological degeneracy
-engages in criminal behavior due to situational and environmental factors
13
What is the most common type of criminal, according to Lombroso?
criminaloid
14
_______ _________ was the first person to systematically develop the idea that “biological structure determines social function”.
Cesare Lombroso
15
Cesare Lombroso was the first person to systematically develop the idea that “__________ ________ determines _______ ________”.
biological structure
social function
16
Cesare Lombroso established the value of ______-_______ ___________ for criminal behavior by examining how a wide variety of social and environmental factors.
multi-faceted explanations
17
_______ _________ established the value of multi-faceted explanations for criminal behavior by examining how a wide variety of social and environmental factors.
Cesare Lombroso
18
Who were Cesare Lombroso’s students?
(1) Enrico Ferri (1856-1909)
(2) Raffaele Garofalo (1852-1934
19
What was Enrico Ferri’s major contributions?
-his critique of the classical notion of “free will”
-his scientific investigation of the interrelationships between social, economic, and political factors and crime
20
According to Ferri, what are three major criminogenic (crime causing) factors?
(1) physical environment
(2) anthropological attributes
(3) social factors
21
What are some examples (Enrico Ferri's) physical environment of this?
an area’s structural attributes
climate/temperature
geographical location
22
What are some examples (Enrico Ferri's) anthropological attributes of this?
-age
-sex
-race
-(bodily) physical structure
23
What are some examples (Enrico Ferri's) social factors of this?
-population density
-cultural traditions
-religion
-nature of the government
-economic conditions
24
What are some of Enrico Ferri's liberal ideas?
(1) free trade
(2) abolition of monopolies
(3) redistribution of wealth
(4) birth control
(5) freedom of divorce/marriage
(6) public assistance/recreation
25
________ ________ argued that society must eliminate those who have shown that they cannot adapt to civilized life.
Raffaele Garofalo
26
Raffaele Garofalo argued that society must ________ those who have shown that they cannot _____ to civilized life.
eliminate
adapt
27
________ _________ supported the death penalty or policies of segregation (deportation and/or isolation) to keep criminals from the gene pool.
Raffaele Garofalo
28
Raffaele Garofalo supported the ______ _______ or policies of __________ (deportation and/or isolation) to keep criminals from the gene pool.
death penalty
segregation
29
Raffaele Garofalo believed in ___________ __________.
psychological degeneracy
30
________ _________ believed in psychological degeneracy.
Raffaele Garofalo
31
According to Garofalo, what are the sources/determinants of crime?
(1) lower intellectual abilities
(2) psychological pathology/degeneracy
32
Aside from Lombroso, who was Raffaele Garofalo influenced by?
Darwin’s law of adaption and the principle of the survival of the fittest
33
Who referenced Garofalo's work and views during World War II?
Nazi and Fascist regimes of Germany and Italy
34
Cesare Lombroso set into motion the idea that your _________ ________ determines crime.
biological structure
35
_______ _________ set into motion the idea that your biological structure determines crime.
Cesare Lombroso
36
According to Lombroso, biological structure determines ______ _______.
social function
37
____% of criminals have some type of psychological problem.
25%
38
Enrico Ferri believed in crime control through "______ _________".
social betterment
39
______ _____ believed in crime control through "social betterment".
Enrico Ferri
40
What two types of marriages did Enrico Ferri advocate?
(1) childless
(2) child with marriage
41
_______ countries tend to have high homicide rates.
Catholic
42
Why do Catholic countries tend to have high homicide rates?
Could be due to laws against divorce
43
Raffaelle Garofalo, believed in _______ _____ type of government, in which you let things take it's course.
laissez faire
44
________ ________, believed in laissez faire type of government, in which you let things take it's course.
Raffaelle Garofalo
45
Which of Lombroso's students was into fascism?
Raffaelle Garofalo
46
Garofalo believed criminals were _____.
dumb
47
Garofalo argued for __________.
sterilization
48