Flashcards in Chapter 2 Deck (33)
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1
What are the three definitions of crime?
1. normative/moral definition
2. legal/legalistic definition
3. labeling/interactionist definition
2
_____ are shared views of what someone ought or ought not to do as members of a society
Norms
3
Normative consensus would suggest that everyone in society believes that:
(1)
(2)
(1) murder is wrong and the punishment for it should be death or life imprisonment
(2) simply insulting someone is not serious enough to be punished by law
4
Criminal behavior represents conduct that violates public standards of _______
morality
5
Match the punishment to the offense:
(1) murder
(2) jaywalking
(3) rape
(4) burglary
punishment:
(A) 1 to 5 years
(B) death, life imprisonment
(C) 10-20 years, life imprisonment
(D) $50 to $200 Fine
(1) murder- (B) death, life imprisonment
(2) jaywalking- (D) $50 to $200 Fine
(3) rape- (C) 10-20 years, life imprisonment
(4) burglary- (A) 1 to 5 years
6
The _________/_____ definition of crime is often the basis in small, agrarian and/or tribal societies.
normative
moral
7
The normative/moral definition of crime is often the basis in small, _______ and/or _____ societies.
agrarian
tribal
8
Which type of definition of crime is hard to apply to highly diverse and industrialized societies and why?
The normative/moral definition of crime; because there is little consensus about crime
9
According to the legal/legalistic definition of crime, crime is a violation of ______ _____.
legal rules
10
Crime is law-violating behavior that involves a _______ ____ (acts reus), a _______ _____ (mens rea), and concurrence (the union of the physical and mental elements).
physical act
mental state
11
Crime is law-violating behavior that involves a physical act (_____ ____), a mental state (____ ____), and concurrence (the union of the physical and mental elements).
actus reus
mens rea
12
Crime is law-violating behavior that involves a physical act (actus reus), a mental state (mens rea), and __________ (the union of the physical and mental elements).
concurrence
13
In order to be considered illegal, the act must involve _______, _______, and ______ _____.
conscious
voluntary
public harm
14
List the different types of criminal intent.
(1) purposefully
(2) knowingly
(3) recklessly
(4) negligently
15
Which type of criminal intent is this: acts done with specific intent
purposefully
16
Which type of criminal intent is this: conscious risk taking
recklessly
17
Which type of criminal intent is this: unconscious risk taking
negligently
18
Under the legal/legalistic definition of crime, law must specify a __________ for any criminal act and the act must be ______ at the time it was committed
punishment
illegal
19
Labeling/interactionist definition of crime assures that no behavior is _________ criminal.
inherently
20
According to ________/__________ definition of crime the definitions of crime are socially constructed by those in power.
labeling/interactionist
21
According to labeling/interactionist definition of crime the definitions of crime are ________ _________ by those in power.
socially constructed
22
The labeling/interactionist definition of crime derives from the ______ ______ of social order.
conflict theory
23
Explain the conflict theory of social order.
a theory that assumes that the criminal law is an instrument used by the ruling class and powerful groups to protect their interests and privileges
24
Becker's model defines crime as both _________ an a _____.
behavior
label
25
Becker’s model questions what two things about crime?
(1) Is the person involved in law violating behavior ?
(2) What is the societal/reaction to that person (are they perceived as a criminal)?
26
What are the four distinct types of crime/criminals according to the Becker's model?
(1) Non-criminal
(2) Secret Criminal
(3) Falsely Accused
(4) Criminals
27
Which type of crime/criminal is this under Becker's model: Are not engaged in law-violating behavior and are perceived as non-criminal
Non-criminal
28
Which type of crime/criminal is this under Becker's model: most people are this type
Non-criminal
29
Which type of crime/criminal is this under Becker's model: Is engaged in law-violating behavior and is perceived as a non-criminal
Secret Criminal
30
Which type of crime/criminal is this under Becker's model: offenders who are the most injurious (costly) to a society
Secret Criminal
31
Which type of crime/criminal is this under Becker's model: ex. those who engage in illegal business practices and corrupt political officials
Secret Criminal
32
Which type of crime/criminal is this under Becker's model: Are not engaged in law-violating behavior and is perceived as a criminal
Falsely Accused
33
