Chapter 15 - Integrative Functions Notes

Question 0

Where do the sensory pathways (afferent) travel

Answer 0

To the thalamus then to the sensory cortex of the brain

Question 1

The _______ pathways are the ________ pathways.

Answer 1

Sensory

Afferent

Question 2

What are the pathways carried on

Answer 2

Tracts

Question 3

How are tracts named

Answer 3

According to the origin and destination of the axons within tract

Question 4

What are sensory tracts

Answer 4

Body’s interface between internal and external environment

Question 5

Sensory pathways involve a

Answer 5

Sensory receptor

Question 6

What does the sensory receptor do

Answer 6

Receives info and passes it to spinal cord to be sent to cortex

Question 7

What are general senses

Answer 7

Sensations of temperature, pain, touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception

Question 8

How many types of receptors

Answer 8

4

Question 9

What are the receptors

Answer 9

Nociceptors
Thermoreceptors
Mechanoeceptors
Chemoreceptors

Question 10

Receptor that responds to tissue damage perceived as pain

Answer 10

Nociceptors

Question 11

Receptor that responds to changes in temps

Answer 11

Thermoreceptor

Question 12

Receptor that is stimulated by physical distortion, contact, or pressure

Answer 12

Mechanoreceptor

Question 13

Receptor that responds to changes in chemistry of body fluids

Answer 13

Chemoceptors

Question 14

As sensory info travels to the CNS the info passes through:

Answer 14

Specific order of synapses

Question 15

The ________ delivers the info to the CNS.

Answer 15

First order neuron

Question 16

Where is the first order neuron located

Answer 16

Dorsal root ganglion (DRG)

Question 17

The _______ is an interneuron.

Answer 17

Second order neuron

Question 18

Where is the second order neuron found

Answer 18

Spinal cord or brain stem

Question 19

The ______ takes the info from the _______ and carries it to the cortex for conscious awareness.

Answer 19

Third order neuron

Second order neuron/interneuron

Question 20

Where are third order neurons located

Answer 20

Thalamus

Question 21

There are how many major sensory pathways in the NS

Answer 21

3

Question 22

What are the sensory pathways

Answer 22

Dorsal column
Spinothalamic
Spinocerebellar

Question 23

Which pathway carries sensations of fine touch, pressure, vibration, and joint position sense.

Answer 23

Dorsal column

Question 24

The tracts of the dorsal column are

Answer 24

Fasciculus gracilis | Cuneatus

Question 25

The _____ carries sensation from lower body to the cord

Answer 25

Gracilis

Question 26

The _______ carries info from the upper half of the body to the cord

Answer 26

Cuneatus

Question 27

The _____ pathway provides conscious sensations of touch, pressure, pain, and temp

Answer 27

Spinothalamic

Question 28

Two subdivision of spinothalamic pathway

Answer 28

Anterior | Lateral

Question 29

The _______ carries touch and pressure to the opposite sensory cortex

Answer 29

Anterior spinothalamic tract

Question 30

The ________ carries pain and temp to the opposite sensory cortex

Answer 30

Lateral spinothalamic tract

Question 31

The ________ carries info regarding unconscious joint position sense as well as proprioception within joints, tendons, and muscles.

Answer 31

Spinocerebellar pathway

Question 32

Two subdivisions of spinocerebellar pathway

Answer 32

Posterior | Anterior

Question 33

The ________ stays on the same side of the cord and travels to the cebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 33

Posterior spinocerebellar tract

Question 34

The _______ travels to the cerebellum on the opposite side via the superior peduncle

Answer 34

Anterior spinocerebellar tract

Question 35

The motor system is under what control

Answer 35

Voluntary and involuntary

Question 36

The somatic motor system is ______ control

Answer 36

Voluntary

Question 37

The autonomic system is _____ control

Answer 37

Involuntary

Question 38

Where is the autonomic system involuntary?

Answer 38

Smooth muscle in the heart, gi, and glands

Question 39

What provides voluntary control over skeletal muscles

Answer 39

Corticospinal pathway (pyramidal system)

Question 40

85% of the descending axons cross to the opposite side of the cord at the level of the medulla

Answer 40

Lateral corticospinal tracts

Question 41

Comprise the 15% of the fibers that do not cross at the medulla

Answer 41

Anterior corticospinal tracts

Question 42

What is responsible for coordination and feedback control over muscle contractions

Answer 42

Cerebral nuclei and cerebellum

Question 43

Provides background patterns of movement involved with conscious motor activities

Answer 43

Cerebral nuclei

Question 44

Monitors proprioceptive info from the musculoskeletal system, visual and vestibular systems

Answer 44

Cerebellum

Question 45

What measures brain waves

Answer 45

EEG

Question 46

How many brain waves

Answer 46

4

Question 47

What are the brain waves

Answer 47

Alpha Beta Theta Delta

Question 48

Occurs in a healthy awake state, resting with eyes closed

Answer 48

Alpha waves

Question 49

Occur in periods of stress or deep concentration

Answer 49

Beta waves

Question 50

Occur in children and frustrated adults

Answer 50

Theta waves

Question 51

Occur during sleep cycles and infants

Answer 51

Delta waves

Question 52

How many recognized patterns of sleep

Answer 52

Two

Question 53

What are the sleep patterns

Answer 53

Deep sleep | REM

Question 54

What is deep sleep

Answer 54

Slow wave or non -REM (NREM) sleep

Question 55

What is REM

Answer 55

Rapid eye movement

Question 56

When do dreams occur

Answer 56

REM

Question 57

What controls the sleep/wake cycle

Answer 57

Reticular activating system

Question 58

Where is the reticular activating system located

Answer 58

Brain stem

Question 59

What does the reticular activating system interact within

Answer 59

Cortex