Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton Notes

Question 1

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

bones have processes, smooth surfaces, and holes that are associated with _______, _______, _______, _____ and ________.

Answer 1

ligaments
muscles
joints
nerves
blood vessels

Question 2

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

if a bone possesses a ________ or _______, it is usually because a ligament or tendon what attached to that during life

Answer 2

tubercle (lump)

process (projection)

Question 3

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

if a bone has a smooth articular surface, that surface was part of a _______ and was covered with ___________

Answer 3

joint

articular cartilage

Question 4

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

if a bone has a ________ that was occupied by something such as a nerve or blood vessel

Answer 4

foramen (hole)

Question 5

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

sinuses

Answer 5

epithelium lined air spaces

Question 6

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

axial skeleton consists of

Answer 6

skull
vertebral column
thoracic cage

Question 7

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

skull is composed of how many bones

Answer 7

28

Question 8

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the 6 ______ which function in hearing are located inside the temporal bone

Answer 8

auditory ossicles

Question 9

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the auditory ossicles are

Answer 9

2 each of:
malleus
incus
stapes

Question 10

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the ______ or braincase protects the brain

Answer 10

cranial vault

Question 11

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the _________ from the structure of the face in the anterior skull, but do not contribute to the cranial vault.

Answer 11

14 facial bones

Question 12

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

function of the facial bones

Answer 12

protect the sensory organs of the head and function as muscle attachment sites

Question 13

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

what are the 14 facial bones

Answer 13

maxilla (2)
mandible (1)
zygomatic (2)
palatine (2)
nasal (2)
lacrimal (2)
vomer (1)
inferior nasal concha (2)

Question 14

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the mandible and maxillae posses _______ with sockets for the attachment of the teeth

Answer 14

alveolar processes

Question 15

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the ______ which “floats” in the neck is the attachment site for the throat and tongue muscles

Answer 15

hyoid bone

Question 16

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the skull can be thought of as a

Answer 16

single bone or a single unit

Question 17

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the ______ are joined at the midline by the sagittal suture

Answer 17

parietal bones

Question 18

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the parietal bones are joined to the ______ by the coronal suture

Answer 18

frontal bones

Question 19

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the parietal bones are joined to the ______ by the lambdoid suture

Answer 19

occipital bone

Question 20

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the parietal bones are joined to the ________ by the squamous suture

Answer 20

temporal bone

Question 21

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

______ are the points of attachment for neck muscles

Answer 21

nuchal lines

Question 22

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

______ transmits sound waves toward the eardrum

Answer 22

external auditory meatus

Question 23

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

important neck muscles attach to

Answer 23

mastoid process

Question 24

Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton

the temporal lines are attachments for

Answer 24

temporalis muscle

Question 25

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton the __________ from the _______ and ______ bones forms a bridge across the side of the skull

Answer 25

sygomatic arch temporal zygomatic

Question 26

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton the ____ contain the eyes

Answer 26

orbits

Question 27

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton the nasal cavity is separated by

Answer 27

nasal septum

Question 28

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton the _______ separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

Answer 28

hard palate

Question 29

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton the _________ which connect to the nasal cavity

Answer 29

paranasal sinuses

Question 30

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton the paranasal sinuses are

Answer 30

frontal ethmoidal sphenoidal maxillary

Question 31

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton the ______ articulates with the temporal bone

Answer 31

mandible

Question 32

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton the _____ is a point of attachment for on the meninges

Answer 32

crista galli

Question 33

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton the ________ extend into the roof of the nasal cavity through the __________

Answer 33

olfactory nerves | cribriform plate

Question 34

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton the _______ is occupied by the pituitary gland

Answer 34

sella turcica

Question 35

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton the spinal cord and the brain are connected through the

Answer 35

foramen magnum

Question 36

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton _______ are points of articulation between the skull and vertebral column

Answer 36

occipital condyles

Question 37

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton blood reaches the brain through

Answer 37

internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries

Question 38

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton the carotid arteries pass through

Answer 38

carotid canals

Question 39

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton the vertebral arteries pass through

Answer 39

foramen magnum

Question 40

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton most blood leaves the brain through the

Answer 40

internal jugular veins

Question 41

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton internal jugular veins exit through the

Answer 41

jugular foramina

Question 42

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton styloid processes provide attachments points for 3 muscles involved in the movement of:

Answer 42

tongue hyoid bone pharynx

Question 43

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton the ______ forms the floor of the nasal cavity

Answer 43

hard palate

Question 44

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton the vertebral column provides

Answer 44

flexible support and protects spinal cord

Question 45

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton the vertebral column has 4 major curvatures

Answer 45

cervical thoracic lumbar sacral/coccygeal

Question 46

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton the spine has ____ and _____ curves

Answer 46

primary and secondary

Question 47

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton primary curves are present at birth

Answer 47

thoracic | sacral

Question 48

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton secondary curves develop once the baby starts walking and bearing weight on the spine

Answer 48

cervical | lumbar

Question 49

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton abnormal curvature of the lumbar

Answer 49

lordosis

Question 50

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton abnormal curvature of the thoracic

Answer 50

kyphosis

Question 51

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton abnormal curvature of the lateral

Answer 51

scoliosis

Question 52

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton at birth the spine is one big C shape curve

Answer 52

kyphotic curve

Question 53

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton typical vertebrae consists of

Answer 53

body arch various processes

Question 54

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton adjacent vertebral bodies are separated by

Answer 54

intervertebral disks

Question 55

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton what is fibrous outer covering of intervertebral disk

Answer 55

annulus fibrosus

Question 56

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton what is the gelatinous interior of intervertebral disk

Answer 56

nucleus pulposus

Question 57

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton where are there no intervertebral disks

Answer 57

between occiput and atlas (c1) | between atlas and axis (c1 and c2)

Question 58

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton vertebrae articulate with one another through

Answer 58

superior and inferior articular processes

Question 59

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton what protects and contains the spinal cord

Answer 59

vertebral foramen

Question 60

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton what forms the vertebral foramen

Answer 60

part of the body and arch (pedicle and lamina)

Question 61

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton spinal nervces exit through

Answer 61

intervertebral foramina

Question 62

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton the ______ and _________ serve as points of muscle and ligament attachment

Answer 62

transverse and spinous processes

Question 63

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton number of cervical vertebrae

Answer 63

7

Question 64

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton all cervical vertebrae have

Answer 64

transverse foramina

Question 65

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton what passes through the transverse foramina

Answer 65

vertebral artery

Question 66

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton what is a major blood supply to the brain

Answer 66

vertebral artery

Question 67

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton cervical vertebra have a ____ or split spinous processes

Answer 67

bifid

Question 68

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton how many thoracic vertebrae

Answer 68

12

Question 69

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton thoracic vertebrae are characterized by

Answer 69

long downward pointing spinous processes and demifacets

Question 70

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton function of the thoracic ribs

Answer 70

articulation with the ribs

Question 71

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton how many lumbar vertebrae

Answer 71

5

Question 72

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton characteristics of lumbar vertebrae

Answer 72

thick heavy bodies and processes

Question 73

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton number of sacrum vertebrae

Answer 73

5

Question 74

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton characteristics of sacrum vertebrae

Answer 74

fused vertebrae

Question 75

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton sacrum vertebrae attach where

Answer 75

pelvis

Question 76

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton coccygeal vertebrae number

Answer 76

4

Question 77

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton characteristics of coccygeal vertebrae

Answer 77

fused

Question 78

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton coccygeal vertebrae attach where

Answer 78

sacrum

Question 79

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton what does the thoracic cage consist of

Answer 79

``` ribs - true or vertebrosternal ribs costal cartilage false ribs vertebrochondral ribs floating or vertebral ribs head tubercle neck body angle ```

Question 80

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton function of the thoracic cage

Answer 80

protect the thoracic organs and to prevent the collapse of the thorax during respiration

Question 81

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton how many pairs of ribs attach to the thoracic vertebrae

Answer 81

12 pairs

Question 82

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton division of true/false ribs

Answer 82

7 pairs true ribs | 5 pairs false ribs

Question 83

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton how many of the false ribs are floating

Answer 83

2 pairs

Question 84

# Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton the sternum is composed of

Answer 84

``` manubrium the body xiphoid process jugular notch sternal angle ```