Chapter 25 - Metabolism Flashcards
(124 cards)
1
Q
Chapter 25 - Metabolism
__________ refers to all the chemical reactions that occur in an organism
A
metabolism
2
Q
Chapter 25 - Metabolism
what is used in metabolism
A
food
minerals
vitamins
3
Q
Chapter 25 - Metabolism
__________ is the break down of organic substrates
A
catabolism
4
Q
Chapter 25 - Metabolism
__________ is the synthesis of new organic molecules
A
anabolism
5
Q
Chapter 25 - Metabolism
what can speed up/slow down metabolism
A
hormones
6
Q
Chapter 25 - Metabolism
what is the energy molecule
A
adenosine triposphate (ATP)
7
Q
Chapter 25 - Metabolism
what is the main focus of metabolism
A
ATP
8
Q
Chapter 25 - Metabolism
does it matter how much ATP is made
A
YES!!!!
9
Q
Chapter 25 - Metabolism
what is ATP used for
A
active transport
sliding filament theory
etc
10
Q
Chapter 25 - Metabolism
what is derived from ATP
A
CAMP
11
Q
Chapter 25 - Metabolism
what cycles energy with ATP
A
ADP
12
Q
Chapter 25 - Metabolism
what is the main organelle used for synthesis of much of ATP
A
mitochondrion
13
Q
Chapter 25 - Metabolism
As __________ and __________ enter the mitochondrion __________, __________, and __________ are produced
A
food oxygen CO2 water ATP
14
Q
Chapter 25 - Metabolism
what is food for mitochondrion
A
carb, lipid, protein
15
Q
Chapter 25 - Metabolism
process of ATP conversion in mitochondrion is called
A
cellular respiration
16
Q
Chapter 25 - Metabolism
what respiration occurs without oxygen
A
anaerobic
17
Q
Chapter 25 - Metabolism
where does anaerobic respiration occur
A
outside of mitochondrion
18
Q
Chapter 25 - Metabolism
what is respiration with oxygen
A
aerobic
19
Q
Chapter 25 - Metabolism
where does aerobic resp occur
A
inside mitochondrion
20
Q
Chapter 25 - Metabolism
what is the basic unit of carbobohydrate
A
monosaccharide
21
Q
Chapter 25 - Metabolism
glucose has how many carbons
A
6 carbon body sugar
22
Q
Chapter 25 - Metabolism
what is primary source of energy for cellular resp
A
glucose
23
Q
Chapter 25 - Metabolism
__________ is process of breaking down glucose for energy
A
glycolysis
24
Q
Chapter 25 - Metabolism
what is required for glycolysis
A
2 ATP
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glycolysis nets how many ATPs
2
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glycolysis makes how many ATPS
4
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does glycolysis required oxygen
no
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if oxygen is present for glycolysis, how many ATP will be produced
36 or 38
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step 1 of glycolysis
ATP initiates process by giving phosphate to glucose.
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giving a molecule to another is
analbolism
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taking molecule off
catabolism
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Step 2 glycolysis
Additional ATP adds phosphate to opposite end giving:
| P-C-C-C-C-C-C-P
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Step 3 glycolysis
dihydroxyacetone phosphate (stored)
glyceraldehyde 3-phophate
free P
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Step 4 glycolysis
P-C-C-C-P
| P-C-C-C-P
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Step 5 glycolysis
1st C-C-C ADP+P -} ATP x 2 = 2ATP
2nd C-C-C ADP + P -} x 2 = 2ATP
TOTAL: 4ATP
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what acids are connected to glycolysis
pyruvic
| lactic
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__________ causes H20 to be made and lost
dehydration synthesis
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krebs cycle is also known as
tricarboxylic acid cycle
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krebs cycle uses
oxygen
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__________ or __________ is used in krebs cycle to make more ATP
```
pyruviate salt
pyruvic acid (-OH)
```
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after many steps of krebs cycle we arrive at __________ acid
oxaloacetic
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in krebs cycle what is made
1 ATP molecule
3 NADH
1 FADH2
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after krebs cycle what is next
electron transport chain (ETC)
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__________ is a sequence of proteins
ETC
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proteins in ETC are called
cytochromes
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what are cytochromes
proteins that contain a metal ion
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which metals may be in cytochromes
rion Fe3+
| copper Cu2+
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REDOX reaction
REDuction
| OXidation
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reduction
gain electron or lose H
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oxidation
lose electron or gain H
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nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide = NAD refers to what vitamin
B3 = niacin
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Flavin adenine dinucleotide is FAD refers to what vitamin
B2 = riboflavin
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1 NADH from Krebs --} in ETC
3 ATP
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1 FADH2 from Krebs --} in ETC
2 ATP
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NADH in glycolysis yields
3 or 2 ATP
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the krebs and etc reactions lead to
build up of H+ between inner/outer membrane of mitochondrion
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H+ ion channel --}
ATP
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__________ is part of acetylCoA
b5
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what are coenzymes in metabolism
b1, b6, folic acid, b12, biotin, c
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breakdown of lipids
lipolysis
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creation of lipids
lipogenesis
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triglyceride gets broken down into
glycerol
| 3 fatty acid chains
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glycerol converts into
pyruvic acid
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what converts glycerol to pyruvic acid
enzymes
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3 fatty acid chains break down into groups of
2C chains via Beta oxidation --} acetylCoA
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what also is generated from fatty chains
NADH
| FADH2
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what is involved with lipid transport
lipoproteins
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how many categories of lipoproteins
5
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what are the categories of lipoproteins
```
chylomicron
VLDL
IDL
LDL
HDL
```
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%s in chylomicron
95% triglyceride
| 5% cholesterol
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VLDL transport the tris to
peripheral tissue (liver)
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%s in VLDL
60% trigs
| 12% cholesterol
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what is bad cholesterol
LDL
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what is good cholesterol
HDL
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%s in LDL
10% tris
| 45% cholesterol (liver)
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%s in HDL
5% tris
| 20% cholesterol
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the cholesterol in HDL is going where
to liver
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liver contains
lipase
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what does lipase do
breaks down lipoproteins
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amino acids can be used as
energy
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what is first step in AA metabolism
deamination or transanimation
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__________ means removing amine group
deamination
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what is coenzyme involved with deamination
B6
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what means transferring an anime group
transamination
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__________ acid redily enters the krebs cycle from animation
keto
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nucleic acids can be broken down into
sugars
| nitrogenous bases
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pyrimidines (C, U, for RNA) gives us
acetylCoA for Krebs
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purines (A,G) give us
uric acid (gout)
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uric acid +ures =
nitrogenous waste
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neural tissue cannot store
macromolecule
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what is a macromolecule
carb, lipid, protein
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what is used to deliver macromolecules to neural tissue
blood supply
| glucose
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what conditions have hyperinsulinemia
atkins
| low carb
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where is glucose conserved
liver
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increase in what increases ketone bodies
acetylCoa
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ketoemia
blood
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ketonuric
urine
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increase acid in blood
ketoaciosis
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source of Vit K
symbiotic bacteria
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function of Vit K
clotting
| prothrombin
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source of Vit A
leafy green and yellow veggies
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function of Vit A
vision
| retinol
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source of Vit D
synthesized in body (skin-liver-kidney)
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function of Vit D
absorption of Ca in digestion tract
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# Chapter 25 - Metabolism
source of Vit E
meat, milk, veggies
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function of Vit E
antioxident, prevents breakdown of Vit A and fatty acids
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fat soluble vitamins
KADE
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# Chapter 25 - Metabolism
water soluble
Bs and C
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# Chapter 25 - Metabolism
the B vitamins function (primarily)
energy and metabolism
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b1 is
thiamin
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b2 is
riboflavin
| niacin
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# Chapter 25 - Metabolism
b5
pantothenic acid
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# Chapter 25 - Metabolism
b6
pyridoxine
| folic acid
114
# Chapter 25 - Metabolism
b12
cobalamin
115
# Chapter 25 - Metabolism
vit C is
ascorbic acid
| antioxidant
116
# Chapter 25 - Metabolism
major minerals
Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, P, Cl-
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# Chapter 25 - Metabolism
iodine is needed for
thyroid hormone for metabolism
118
# Chapter 25 - Metabolism
iron found in
heme, carries oxygen
119
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Zn is
cofactor in enzymes
120
# Chapter 25 - Metabolism
copper
cofactor in hemoglobin synthesis
121
# Chapter 25 - Metabolism
Mn (manganese)
cofactor in some ensymes
122
# Chapter 25 - Metabolism
cobalt
cofactor for transminations
123
# Chapter 25 - Metabolism
Selenium (Se)
antioxidant
124
# Chapter 25 - Metabolism
Chromium (Cr)
cofactor for glucose metabolism
