Chapter 26 - Urinary Flashcards
1
Q
Chapter 26 - Urinary
functions of urinary system
A
retaining water ion regulation nitrogen waste removal Vit D hormone RBC production hormone, etc
2
Q
Chapter 26 - Urinary
what happens when water is retained?
A
increases blood volume and blood pressure
3
Q
Chapter 26 - Urinary
what increases acidity
A
H+ ions
4
Q
Chapter 26 - Urinary
organs of urin sys
A
kidney
ureter
bladder
urethra
5
Q
Chapter 26 - Urinary
organs impacting urin sys
A
adrenal
heart
posterior pituitary
6
Q
Chapter 26 - Urinary
urination also called
A
micturation
7
Q
Chapter 26 - Urinary
kidneys are ________ shaped
A
bean shaped
8
Q
Chapter 26 - Urinary
where are kidneys located
A
L-2
9
Q
Chapter 26 - Urinary
what supports kidneys
A
renal capsule
adipose capsule
renal fascia
10
Q
Chapter 26 - Urinary
what is on top of kidneys
A
adrenal glands
11
Q
Chapter 26 - Urinary
where do the blood vessels enter kidney
A
hilus
12
Q
Chapter 26 - Urinary
just below the celiac trunk are the ________ branching off to the kidnesy
A
right/left renal arteries
13
Q
Chapter 26 - Urinary
leaving the kidneys are the right/left
A
renal veins
14
Q
Chapter 26 - Urinary
________ and ________ are weaved around the renal pyramids
A
interlobular and arcuate arteries and veins
15
Q
Chapter 26 - Urinary
the arteries eventually become the ________, ________, and ________
A
afferent and efferent arterioles
pepitubular capillaries
vasa recta
16
Q
Chapter 26 - Urinary
outer layer of kidney
A
cortex
17
Q
Chapter 26 - Urinary
inner “core” of kidney
A
medulla
18
Q
Chapter 26 - Urinary
anatomy parts of kidney
A
calyx - major and minor
renal (medullary) pyramid
renal papilla
renal pelvis
19
Q
Chapter 26 - Urinary
what opens to the ureter
A
renal pelvis
20
Q
Chapter 26 - Urinary
functional units in kidney
A
nephrons
21
Q
Chapter 26 - Urinary
what nephrons are located in cortex
A
cortical nephrons
22
Q
Chapter 26 - Urinary
what % of nephrons in cortex
A
85%
23
Q
Chapter 26 - Urinary
what surrounds the cortical nephrons
A
peritubular capillaries
24
Q
Chapter 26 - Urinary
other neprhons in kidney
A
juxamedullary
25
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where are juxamedullary nephrons founds
cortex and medulla
26
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what surrounds the juxamedullary
vasa recta
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nephron consists of
```
glomerular
PCT
Henle loop
DCT
collecting duct
papillary duct
```
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# Chapter 26 - Urinary
another name for glomerular
bowman's capsule
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what does glomerular contain
glomerulus
30
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what surrounds the glomerulus
podocytes
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PCT
proximal convoluted tubule
32
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2 arms of Henle loop
ascending/descending
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DCT
distal convoluted tubule
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where does blood enter in nephron
glomerulus
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________ is what is filtered from the blood in the nephron
filtrate
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where does the filtrate go
capsular space
37
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blood flow:
blood - afferent arteriole - glomerulus - efferenent arteriole
blood in glomerulus - filtrate into capsular space - PCT - Henle Loop - DCT - collecting duct - papillary duct - minor calyx - major calyx- renal pelvis - ureter - urinary bladder - urethra - discharge
blood to urine flow
38
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DCT is next to the
arterioles
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"dense spot"
macula densa
40
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________ are specialized cells which have receptors which detect sodium ions.
macula densa
41
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what receptors are in macula densa
chem & osmo
42
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if sodium ions are low, smooth muscle between the DCT and glomerulus ________ release renin
JG (juxtaglomerular)
43
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hormonal pathway from JG
renin-angiotensin
44
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renin-angiotensin leads to
increased BP and BV
45
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________ acts on bone marrow to increase the production of rbc
erythropoietin
46
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________ is the hormone that completes the Vit D chain
calcitriol
47
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wastes associated with kidney
```
urea
creatinine
ammonia
uric acid
urobilin/bilirubin
```
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what is largest % of waste from kidney
urea
49
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uric acid is from
RNA (purines)
50
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what gives urine its color
urolilin (bilirubin)
51
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processes associated with kidney
filtration
reabsorption
secretion
52
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kidney filtration goes into
capsular space
53
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kidney reabsorption involves
water
| ions removed
54
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kidney secretion goes into
tubular lumen
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rate of filtration is called
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
56
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what is GFR
about 50 gals/day (both kidneys)
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where does most filtration go
back in the blood stream
58
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what affects GFR?
bp
bv
hormones
stress
59
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hormones that can change GFR
renin
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
ANF
ANH
60
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which part of NS impacts GFR
mostly sympathetic
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transport in kidney uses
tubules
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to transport in kidneys means to cross
barriers
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how are barriers crossed in kidney transport
diffusion (gas)
channels (ion)
protein carrier by exchange pump
cotransporter
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active transport requires
ATP
65
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nephron/filtration:
| PCT
water loss
| some ion
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nephron/filt
| Henle loop descending
water loss, goes to blood stream
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nephron/filt
| Henle loop ascending
Na Cl loss, goes to blood stream
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nephron/filt
| DCT
some NACl loss
some water loss (via ADH)
NA/K pump - K in filtrate
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nephron/filt
| Collecting duct
water loss via ADH
some NA+ loss
Na, K= - K in filtrate
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nephron/fil
| Papillary duct
urea loss
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henle loop desc is impermeable to
solutes
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henle loop desc is permeable to
water
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henle loop asc is imperable to
water
74
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henle loop asc uses
active solute transport
75
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which henle loop is thicker
ascending
76
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DCT: part is permeable to water
ADH
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part of DCT - sensitive to
aldosterone
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pathology of DCT
hypokalemia
79
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________ is low K+ in blood from high alderstone
hypokalemia
80
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what might cause hypokalemia
long term stress
81
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collecting duct permeable to
water
82
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papillary duct permeabl to
urea
83
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________ is ADH - water reabsorption - highly concentrated urine
ADH effect
84
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what increase urine output
diuretics
coffee
alcohol
thiazieds
85
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kidney is involved with a ________ system
buffer
86
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-H+ + HCO3 --} H2CO3 --} CO2 + H2O
bicarbonate and carbonic acid
| buffer system
87
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________ increase protein in urine
| marathon, distance swimmer
proteinuria
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________ blood in urine
| stone passing, kidney problems, etc
hematuria
89
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________ kidney failyer, permt damage
renal failure
90
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________ glucose in urine
| high carbo, diabetes mellitus
glycosuria
91
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________ increase in amino acids in urine
| high protein
aminoaciduria
92
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________ ketone bodies excreted
| atkins/low carb
ketonuria
93
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________ are long tubes
ureters
94
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the ureters re between
kidneys and bladder
95
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where are kidney stones usually felt
ureter
96
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bladder has what type of epithelium
transitional
97
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how much can bladder hold
1 liter
98
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important muscle in bladder
detrusor muscle
99
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what is function of detrusor muscle
expels contents of uretha
100
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neck of bladder contains
internal urethral sphincter
101
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what overrides the external urethral sphincter
internal urethral sphincter
102
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which sphincter is under involuntary control
internal
103
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which sphincter is under voluntary control
external
104
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where is the external urethral sphincter located
urethra
105
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urethra same size in all
no. men larger
