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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 19 - Blood Notes > Flashcards

Chapter 19 - Blood Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

Chapter 19 - Blood

Blood is a ______ type of connective tissue

A

specialized

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2
Q

Chapter 19 - Blood

what are functions of blood

A
  1. transport of dissolved gasses
  2. regulation of ph
  3. restriction of fluid loss at site of injury
  4. defense against toxins and pathogens
  5. stabilization of body temp
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3
Q

Chapter 19 - Blood

blood is a fluid connective tissue with a matrix called

A

plasma

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4
Q

Chapter 19 - Blood

plasma accounts for ____ of the volume of whole blodo

A

43-63%

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5
Q

Chapter 19 - Blood

____ accounts for 92% of the volume of plasma

A

water

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6
Q

Chapter 19 - Blood

blood also contains ______ that are suspended in the plasma

A

blood cell fragments

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7
Q

Chapter 19 - Blood

suspended blood cell fragments are called

A

formed elements of blood

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8
Q

Chapter 19 - Blood

how many types of formed elements of blood are there

A

3

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9
Q

Chapter 19 - Blood

what are the formed elements of blood

A

red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets

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10
Q

Chapter 19 - Blood

what are the most numerous of the cells in the blood

A

red blood cells

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11
Q

Chapter 19 - Blood

which cells are invovled with immune system

A

white blood cells

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12
Q

Chapter 19 - Blood

plasma and formed elements together constitute

A

whole blood

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13
Q

Chapter 19 - Blood

what is the temperature of whole blood

A

38 C

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14
Q

Chapter 19 - Blood

blood is ____ times as viscous as water

A

5

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15
Q

Chapter 19 - Blood

ph of blood is

A

7.4

slightly alkaine

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16
Q

Chapter 19 - Blood

how many liters of blood in adult male

A

5-6

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17
Q

Chapter 19 - Blood

how many liters of blood in adult female

A

4-5

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18
Q

Chapter 19 - Blood

plasma contains dissolved ____

A

proteins

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19
Q

Chapter 19 - Blood

there are ____ classes of dissolved proteins in plasma

A

3

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20
Q

Chapter 19 - Blood

what are the 3 classes of proteins in plasma

A

albumens
globulins
fibrinogen

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21
Q

Chapter 19 - Blood

what makes up 60% of the plasma proteins

A

albumens

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22
Q

Chapter 19 - Blood

what makes up 35% of the plasma proteins

A

globulins

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23
Q

Chapter 19 - Blood

what contributes to the osmotic pressure of plasma

A

albumens

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24
Q

Chapter 19 - Blood

what makes up the antibodies of the immune system

A

globuins

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25
# Chapter 19 - Blood what protein functions in blood clotting
fibrinogen
26
# Chapter 19 - Blood what is the production of RBC
hemopoiesis
27
# Chapter 19 - Blood during fetal development blood cells are formed from
embryonic stem cells
28
# Chapter 19 - Blood what are the fetal embryonic stem cells that produce the blood cells first in life called
hemocytoblasts
29
# Chapter 19 - Blood where does fetal blood production occur
liver and spleen
30
# Chapter 19 - Blood how long does the liver and spleen produce blood cells
up to 5th month of fetal devolpment
31
# Chapter 19 - Blood after 5th month of fetal development, the blood is produced where
bone marrow
32
# Chapter 19 - Blood rbc contain pigment
hemoglobin
33
# Chapter 19 - Blood what is the attachment site for oxygen molecules on the RBC
hemoglobin
34
# Chapter 19 - Blood how many molecules of oxygen can one molecule of hemoglobin carry
4
35
# Chapter 19 - Blood what is the most abundant cells present in the formed elements of blood
rbcs | 99.9%
36
# Chapter 19 - Blood one drop of blood contains approx _____ rbcs
260 million
37
# Chapter 19 - Blood blood of average adult has ______ rbcs
25 trillion
38
# Chapter 19 - Blood _____ is the percentage of whole blood in the occupied by cellular elements
hematocrit
39
# Chapter 19 - Blood each rbc is a _____ disc
biconcave
40
# Chapter 19 - Blood rbc has a _____ central region and a ____ outer regain
thin | thick
41
# Chapter 19 - Blood the _____ of rbc determines its function in the body
shape
42
# Chapter 19 - Blood form/function of rbcs
gives the rbc a large ratio of surface area to volumen it enables the rbcs to form stacks that smooth the flow of blood thru a vessel it enables them to bend and flex when entering small capillaries
43
# Chapter 19 - Blood rbcs lack
nuclei and ribosomes
44
# Chapter 19 - Blood can rbcs divide
no
45
# Chapter 19 - Blood what is the lifespan of rbc
120 days
46
# Chapter 19 - Blood once a rbc is in circulation 120 days it is
phagocytized and eliminated thru the urine
47
# Chapter 19 - Blood what rate are rbcs replaced in blood
3 million per second
48
# Chapter 19 - Blood hemoglobin accounts for ____ of the proteins in the blood
95%
49
# Chapter 19 - Blood measurements of hemoglobin in male/female adutls
14-18 g/dl | 12-16 g/dl
50
# Chapter 19 - Blood hemoglobin is responsible for
transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
51
# Chapter 19 - Blood hemoglobin has a structure that contains ______
four heme group
52
# Chapter 19 - Blood the ______ binds to the ____ molecule on the heme group
oxygen | iron
53
# Chapter 19 - Blood when oxygen and iron form on the heme group this is formed
oxyhemoglobin
54
# Chapter 19 - Blood oxyhemoglobin travels to _______ where the oxygen is released and provides oxygen to the tissue cells for the ______ of the cells
body tissues | metabolic processes
55
# Chapter 19 - Blood once the life span of rbc is complete the cell is phagocytized and sent to
kidney
56
# Chapter 19 - Blood once sent to kidney dead rbc are sent out
urine
57
# Chapter 19 - Blood when urine is brown or red the amount of broken down rbc is high. this is called
hematuria
58
# Chapter 19 - Blood breakdown of globulin in blood get assembled into
amino acids
59
# Chapter 19 - Blood each heme group from rbc when broken down is converted to
biliverdin
60
# Chapter 19 - Blood biliverdin is convert in the blood stream into
bilirubin
61
# Chapter 19 - Blood bilirubin binds with
albumin
62
# Chapter 19 - Blood bilirubin/albumin are sent to the ____ to be excreted as
liver | bile
63
# Chapter 19 - Blood rbc production is called
erythropoiesis
64
# Chapter 19 - Blood erythropoiesis occurs in adults in
red bone marrow
65
# Chapter 19 - Blood red bone marrow is also called
myeloid tisuse
66
# Chapter 19 - Blood stages of erthropoiesis
1. hemocytoblasts divide into myeloid stem cells 2. white blood cells divide into lymphoid cells 3. reticulocyte formation:
67
# Chapter 19 - Blood what are immature rbcs
reticulocyte
68
# Chapter 19 - Blood how long for a reticulocyte to mature to rbc
24 hours
69
# Chapter 19 - Blood hormone that stimulates rbc production
erythropoietin
70
# Chapter 19 - Blood how is blood classified
types A, B, AB, O,
71
# Chapter 19 - Blood what determines blood type
presence of certain cell membrane antigens
72
# Chapter 19 - Blood what are surface antigens of rbc called
agglutinogens
73
# Chapter 19 - Blood how many surface antigens
3
74
# Chapter 19 - Blood what are the surface antigens
A B Rh or D
75
# Chapter 19 - Blood what is difference between wbc and rbc
wbc lack hemoglobin contain ribosomes are nucleated
76
# Chapter 19 - Blood wbc are the _____ cells of the body
immune
77
# Chapter 19 - Blood function of wbc
defend against invading pathogens | remove toxins and abnormal/damaged cells
78
# Chapter 19 - Blood wbc are divided into ____ groups
2
79
# Chapter 19 - Blood what are the groups of wbcs
granular | agranular
80
# Chapter 19 - Blood a microliter of blood contains ______ wbcs
6000-9000
81
# Chapter 19 - Blood where are most of the wbc stored
connective tissue of body | lymph organs
82
# Chapter 19 - Blood do wbc travel all the time in the blood stream
no only short time
83
# Chapter 19 - Blood why would wbc be in blood
traveling to injured tissue site
84
# Chapter 19 - Blood 4 characteristics of wbcs
capable of amoeboid movement can migrate out of blood stream attracted to specific chemical stimuli some wbcs are capable of phagocytizing other cells
85
# Chapter 19 - Blood what are 5 types of wbcs
``` neutrophils lymphocytes monocytes eosinphils basophils ```
86
# Chapter 19 - Blood which type of wbc accounts for 50-70% of the wbcs
neutrophils
87
# Chapter 19 - Blood other name for neutrophils and why
polymorphonuclear (PMN) | appearance of nucleus
88
# Chapter 19 - Blood which wbcs are first responders
neutrophils.
89
# Chapter 19 - Blood neutrophils attack what
bacteria
90
# Chapter 19 - Blood which type of wbcs are 20-30% of the wbcs
lymphocytes
91
# Chapter 19 - Blood how many classes of lymphocytes
3
92
# Chapter 19 - Blood what are the classes of lymphocytes
T cells B cells Natural Killer (NK)
93
# Chapter 19 - Blood which type of wbc is the macrophages of the immune system
monocytes
94
# Chapter 19 - Blood what wbcs attack parasites
eosinophils
95
# Chapter 19 - Blood what wbcs release histamine when battling allergens
basophils
96
# Chapter 19 - Blood where are wbcs produced
bone marrow
97
# Chapter 19 - Blood what divides into the lymphoid stem cells
hemocytoblasts
98
# Chapter 19 - Blood what goes on to become wbcs
lymphoid stem cells
99
# Chapter 19 - Blood wbcs can mature in which organs
spleen | thymus
100
# Chapter 19 - Blood another name for platelets
thrombocytes
101
# Chapter 19 - Blood life span of platelets
9-12 days
102
# Chapter 19 - Blood 1/3 of body's platelets are stored where
spleen
103
# Chapter 19 - Blood functions of platelets
transporting chemicals involved in clotting formation of temp patch on the walls of damaged blood vessels active contraction after clot formation to shrink the size of the hole being plugged
104
# Chapter 19 - Blood platelet production occurs in
bone marrow
105
# Chapter 19 - Blood platelets form large cells called
megakaryocytes
106
# Chapter 19 - Blood what is term for stopping of bleeding in damaged tissues
hemostasis
107
# Chapter 19 - Blood hemostasis occurs in ____ stages
3
108
# Chapter 19 - Blood what are 3 stages of hemostasis
vascular platelet coagulation
109
# Chapter 19 - Blood vascular stage
wall of damaged vessel will spasm to decrease the diameter of the vessel
110
# Chapter 19 - Blood platelet stage
platelets attach to the endothelial surface of vessel and will attract more to stick to them forming a platelet plug
111
# Chapter 19 - Blood coagulation phase
where clotting occurs
112
# Chapter 19 - Blood most of the clotting factors are produced where
liver
113
# Chapter 19 - Blood plasma contains several _______ used for feedback to prevent abnormal clotting of blood
anticoagulante or anticlotting factors
114
# Chapter 19 - Blood 3 anticoagulants
antithrombin III Heparin Thrombomodulin
115
# Chapter 19 - Blood antrithrobin III inhibits
thrombin
116
# Chapter 19 - Blood heparin is released by
basophils
117
# Chapter 19 - Blood function of heparin
prevent clotting
118
# Chapter 19 - Blood heparin activated
antithrombin III
119
# Chapter 19 - Blood thrombomdulin is released by
endothelial cells
120
# Chapter 19 - Blood what forms substance protein C
thrombomodulin | thrombin
121
# Chapter 19 - Blood substance protein C stimulated production of
plasmin
122
# Chapter 19 - Blood plasmin breaks down
fibrin strands of clot
123
# Chapter 19 - Blood what two substances are involved with clotting process
Calcium | Vitamin K
124
# Chapter 19 - Blood ______ must be present in liver to produce the clotting factor prothrombin
Vit K
125
# Chapter 19 - Blood where can Vitamin K be found (foods)
green veggies grain organ meats
126
# Chapter 19 - Blood what produces half of daily requirement of Vit K
large intestine
127
# Chapter 19 - Blood abnormal drifting blood clot. can become stuck in a vessel and stop the blood flow
embolus
128
# Chapter 19 - Blood abnormal blood clot attached to a blood vessel wall
thrombus
129
# Chapter 19 - Blood anticoagulant drug that blocks the clotting factors bu blocking the action of vitamin k
coumadin aka Warfarin
130
# Chapter 19 - Blood activated antitrombin
heparin
131
# Chapter 19 - Blood inactivated platelt enzymes and will reduce the sensitivity of the clotting process
asprin
132
# Chapter 19 - Blood hereditary disorder inadequate production of clotting factors
hemophilia

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