VME 7136 Phys/Histo > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

Histology (63 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

What is histology?

A

the study of tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the main type of stain we use in histology? Honorable mentions?

A

H&E (hematoxylin and eosin)

-gram
-acid fast
-silver
-etc!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does hematoxylin stain? Eosin?

A

H - nucleic acids a dark blue/purple

E - most proteins and positively charges structures pink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the definition of an organ?

A

a structure made up of 2 or more tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tissues have…

A

-cells
-extracellular matrix
-common function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 4 basic tissue types?

A

-epithelium
-connective tissue
-muscle
-nervous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 2 types of epithelium tissue?

A

lining and glandular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the epithelium part of skin? The connective tissue layer?

A

epidermis

dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 3 main functions of connective tissue?

A

1 - bind tissues to form organs
2 - form capsules around some organs
3 - anchor epithelium and provide blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 5 connective tissue properties?

A

1) cells are either similar or dissimilar
2) contain LOTS of extracellular matrix
3) function in support/binding
4) highly vascular (for most part)
5) good repair potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 2 broad types of connective tissue?

A

1) fibrous
2) special

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 types of fibrous connective tissue?

A

1) dense - flexible, high tensile strength
2) loose - “packing material”
3) reticulating meshwork

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe dense connective tissue (what it looks like under microscopy and what it does).

A

high extracellular matrix compared to # of cells

provide supportive framework

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe loose connective tissue (what it looks like under microscopy and what it does).

A

looks more cellular

provides support but allows for movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe reticular connective tissue (what it looks like under microscopy and what it does).

A

“loose” but cannot be seen without special stain type

found in lymphoid organs, bone marrow, liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the components of extracellular matrix?

A

stroma and ground substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 2 fibrous proteins stroma is made up of?

A

collagen and elastin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of fibrous protein does NOT stretch? Which type does?

A

collagen

elastin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 4 types of collagen? Where are they found?

A

1) Type I
-most abundant, found in skin, bone, tendons, etc
2) Type II
- “amorphous”, found in cartilage, intervertebral disc, etc
3) Type III
- only viewed with special stains, seen in reticular fibers
4) Type IV
- sheet like layers, found in basement membrane, ocular lens capsule, etc. NON-FIBRILAR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is ground substance located in the ECM? What is it composed of?

A

between cells and fibrous components

water and glycosaminoglycans (hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfates, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 2 types of cell population in fibrous connective tissue? Are the heterogenous or homogenous?

A

resident and transient

heterogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What classifies a CT cell as resident? What are some examples of resident cells?

A

long lifespan

-fibroblasts
-reticular cells
-adipose cells
-macrophages
-mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What classifies a CT cell as transient? What are some examples of transient cells?

A

come and go as needed

-neutrophils
-eosinophils
-basophils
-monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a stem cell that differentiates into more specific cell types? What different cell types can it change into?

A

mesenchymal cells

-fibroblasts
-adipose
-cartilage
-bone
-muscle
-etc!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What type of cell is responsible for secreting the majority of stromal/ground substance elements, and is hugely important in connective tissue?
fibroblasts
26
In what type of cells are fibroblasts specialized to secrete type III collagen? Where is this important in the body?
reticular cells lymphoid organs and bone marrow
27
What is adipose? What type of CT is it classified as? What are it's functions?
fat "special" CT -shock absorption -energy storage -heat insulation
28
What's the main difference between irregular dense CT and regular dense CT? Which is located in the dermis?
collagen fibers and their organization (irregular is irregular) irregular
29
Where is regular dense CT typically located? It's less optimal for healing potential because it's...
- tendons (attach muscle to bone) - aponeuroses (thin, flat tendons) - ligaments (attach bone to bone) -corea avascular (squished, no room for blood vessels)
30
What are the 3 "special" types of CT?
cartilage bone blood (will be grouped separately for learning material)
31
What are the 4 cell types of cartilage?
1) progenitor cells (source) 2) chondroblasts (produce) 3) chondrocytes (matured) 4) chondroclasts (destroy)
32
What are the 4 cell types of bone?
1) osteoprogenitors cells (source) 2) osteoblasts (produce) 3) osteocytes (mature) 4) osteoclasts (destroy)
33
Cartilage is a specialized CT, who's functions are for... (2). What does it do in young bodies? Adults?
1) bearing weight 2) spanning spaces serves as template for developing skeleton makes up our joints, respiratory tract, and ear
34
Cartilage is avascular, meaning...
there is no blood supply and it cannot heal well
35
What are the cells of cartilage/what do they do? What's in the ECM?
chondroblasts (actively secrete chondroid matrix) chondrocytes (less active than blasts) chondroclasts (resorb/dissolve cartilage) ground substance and stroma
36
The type of cartilage is determined by...
the ratio of ground substance to stroma
37
What are the 3 types of cartilage?
hyaline fibrocartilage elastic cartilage
38
Hyaline cartilage has more _____ and less _____. It's located in what 4 main areas of the body?
ground substance stroma 1) tracheal/bronchial rings 2) larynx, nose, ends of ribs 3) articular surfaces 4) growth plates of bones
39
Fibrocartilage has equal parts _____ and _____. It's located in what 4 main areas of the body?
ground substance stroma 1) intervertebral discs 2) menisci 3) symphyses 4) tendon/ligament attachments
40
Which part of the body contains both hyaline and fibrocartilage?
the spine hyaline - vertebrae fibrocartilage - intervertebral disc
41
Elastic cartilage has more _____ and less _____. It's located in what 4 main areas of the body?
stroma ground substance 1) pliable structures 2) pinna 3) ear canal 4) epiglottis
42
Bone is highly ______ and constantly changing!
dynamic
43
Bone is highly _______ and can cause bad bleeds when broken
vascular
44
What are the cells of bones/what do they do/where do they live? What is in the extracellular matrix of bones?
osteoprogenitors (beginning of osteo cells. periosteum and endosteum) osteoblasts (form osteoid. on surfaces of immature bone) osteocytes (hang out as mineralized cells. lacunae pf mature bone) osteoclasts (resorb/dissolve bone) inorganic matter organic matter (collagen, ground substance, water)
45
Which type of osteo- cell comes from the same line as macrophages and NOT progenitor cells?
osteoclasts
46
Osteoblasts and osteocytes are interconnected via...
cell processes
47
Channels that contain cell processes are called...
canaliculi (canaliculus)
48
Which bone cell is the one responsible for bone cancer? What is this cancer called?
osteoblasts osteosarcoma
49
How to osteoclasts cause bone resorption?
secrete acids and enzymes
50
What are the scalloped edges where osteoclasts have dissolved bone called?
Howship's lacunae
51
A bone's ECM is madeof both inorganic and organic matter. Which is greater in %, and what are the smaller components of each?
inorganic is greater in % -70% -calcium salts -phosphate salts organic is smaller in % -collagen (90%) -ground substance (10%)
52
What are the 2 bone types?
compact/cortical bone spongy/cancellous bone
53
In the bone, you'll find the _______ bone on the outer wall (lamellar) and the ______ bone in the marrow
compact spongy
54
What are the cell components of compact bone? ECM component?
-osteocytes in lacunae -canaliculi w/ cell processes -mineralized matrix layers (lamellae) of inorganic matter
55
All connective tissue will have a ____ component and an _____ component.
cellular extracellular matrix
56
What section of the bone contains blood vessels and is surrounded by lamellae?
haversian canals
57
What part of the bone contains haversian canals and lanellae?
osteon
58
Instead of haversian canals, spongy bone has...
trabeculae of bony spicules
59
Periosteum and endosteum is...
connective tissue that surrounds the mineralized bone contains blood supply/nerves
60
What lines the outside of compact bone?
periosteum
61
What are the two layers of periosteum?
1) outer layer - dense connective tissue, few cells 2) inner layer - very cellular
62
What lines the outside of spongy bone?
endosteum
63
What composes endosteum? Where can you find it other than lining spongy bone?
thin layer of flat cells, some osteoblasts lines all cavities of bone, like haversian canals and trabeculae
VME 7136 Phys/Histo
flashcards
Decks in class (66)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions