Epithelium

Question 1

What are the 4 types of tissue?

Answer 1

nervous
muscle
connective
epithelial

Question 2

Epithelial tissue typically resides where on an organ?

Answer 2

lines the surface/cavity so that one side is “free”

Question 3

Epithelial tissues are ______ together and have specialized points of attachments

Answer 3

close

Question 4

Epithelial cells are often _______ or sided

Answer 4

polarized

Question 5

Since epithelial cells are tightly packed, they have little ______ material, are joined by intracellular ________, and are supported by…

Answer 5

intracellular
junctions
connective tissue

Question 6

What sits between epithelial cells and connective tissue?

Answer 6

basement membrane

Question 7

What does avascular mean?

Answer 7

no blood vessels

Question 8

What are the 5 main functions of epithelial tissue?

Answer 8

-protection
-regulate transport
-secrete fluids
-absorption
-movement

Question 9

What are the 6 types of epithelial tissue?

Answer 9

1) simple squamous
2) simple cubodial
3) simple columnar
4) stratified squamous
5) transitional
6) pseudostratified columnar

Question 10

What are the 2 morphologies used to name the subtypes of epithelial tissue?

Answer 10

1) # of cell layers
2) shape of cells

Question 11

If the epithelial tissue has 1 layer, it is classified as…

Answer 11

simple

Question 12

If the epithelial tissue has more than 1 layer, it is classified as…

Answer 12

stratified

Question 13

When there are some epithelial cells that do NOT reach the free surface but all rest on the basement membrane, it is classified as…

Answer 13

pseudostratified

Question 14

If the most superficial layer of the epithelial tissue is thin and flat, it is classified as…

Answer 14

squamous

Question 15

If the most superficial layer of the epithelial tissue has equal height to width, it is classified as…

Answer 15

cubodial

Question 16

If the most superficial layer of the epithelial tissue is taller than wide, it is classified as…

Answer 16

columnar

Question 17

Where is simple squamous epithelial tissue found? What are some examples?

Answer 17

surface of organs

serosal surfaces - peritoneal, pericardial, pleural spaces

Question 18

What are potential spaces?

Answer 18

potential spaces are areas of the body that are “cavities” but do not become spaces until the is a forced opening made to the external environment

Question 19

What is the specific name for squamous cells that are serosal surfaces?

Answer 19

mesothelium

Question 20

What are the 2 types of stains commonly used in light microscopy? What do they stain?

Answer 20

Hematoxylin and Eosin

h - carbohydrates, sugars, cytoplasmic components
e - proteins and nucleic acids

Question 21

Even though mesothelium lines serosal cavities, it is not _______ epithelium but is covered by watery fluid. This is because…

Answer 21

glandular

it does not secrete any special molecules

Question 22

What type of cell can you find on stains (typically isolated and look similar to nuclei)?

Answer 22

lymphoctyes

Question 23

What type of epithelium tissue do we use a different stain for outside of H&E?

Answer 23

simple columnar

has more sugars

Question 24

What happens to epithelial tissue when the outside layer starts dying and hardens? Where do you typically find this hardened tissue?

Answer 24

becomes keratinized

skin (epidermis)

Question 25

Where is the ONLY place you will find transitional epithelium?

Answer 25

bladder/urinary tract

Question 26

What type of epithelium is the intermediate between stratified squamous and columnar?

Answer 26

transitional

Question 27

What does ciliated mean?

Answer 27

cilia are present on tissue

Question 28

What are cilia important for? Which epithelium are they commonly found on? Where is it found in the body?

Answer 28

unidirectional movement of fluid pseudostratified columnar respiratory tract (most common)

Question 29

What is the tubule structure of cilia/microtubules?

Answer 29

9+2

Question 30

What type of cells secrete mucus?

Answer 30

goblet cells

Question 31

Some epithelial cells are specialized for secretion. What are they termed?

Answer 31

glandular epithelial cells

Question 32

What are 3 well known places that have glandular epithelium? What do they secrete?

Answer 32

1) thyroid - hormone thyroxin 2) stomach - mucus 3) pancreas - degrading enzymes in small intestine

Question 33

What's the main difference between exocrine and endocrine glandular epithelium?

Answer 33

exocrine secretes into free surface endocrine secretes into connective tissue

Question 34

What are the 3 types of exocrine secretion? How do they secrete?

Answer 34

1) merocrine - secretes small molecule with no capsule 2) apocrine - secrete large molecule with capsule 3) holocrine - cell dies and releases extracellular material

Question 35

What is the common structure of exocrine glandular epithelium? Where are common places it's found? How about uncommon?

Answer 35

unicellular places needing mucosal protection (respiratory and gastrointestinal) multicellular but has no ducts - stomach

Question 36

What are the 3 types of secretions that can be found with exocrine glandular epithelium? What are the differences between them?

Answer 36

1) mucous - high sugar, low protein 2) serous - low sugar, high protein 3) seromucous - mixture of both

Question 37

What are the functions of the secretions from exocrine glandular epithelium (2 types of secretions)?

Answer 37

1) mucus - protection, capture particles, lubricate 2) serous - enzymes, antibacterial proteins

Question 38

What is the stroma of epithelial tissue?

Answer 38

the supporting tissue/matrix of an organ, like connective tissue how it's composed/built

Question 39

What is the parenchyma of epithelial tissue?

Answer 39

essential or functional elements of an organ functional component that helps identify organ

Question 40

What can be found on an epithelial cells apical surface that helps increase surface area (3)?

Answer 40

microvilli, made of actin filaments stereocilia, or very long microvillus cilia, made of tubulin. motile (9+2) and nonmotile (9+0)

Question 41

In what part of the body can cells with stereocilia be foubd?

Answer 41

sensory cells of inner ear

Question 42

What is attached to the basal part of epithelial cells? What are it's 3 main functions?

Answer 42

basement membrane 1) barrier 2) anchor 3) control growth/differentiation

Question 43

What are the 3 layers of the basement membrane? Under what type of microscopy can they be seen?

Answer 43

lamina lucida lamina densa lamina fibroreticularis transmission electron microscopy

Question 44

Where on the cell can you find anchor cells? What are the 3 functions of these cells?

Answer 44

portions 1) compartmentalize 2) stabilize 3) communication between cells

Question 45

What are the 2 types of anchor cells?

Answer 45

-hemidesmosomes -focal adhesions

Question 45

What cellular adhension helps compartmentalize the apex/lumen from base?

Answer 45

tight junctions (zonula occludens)

Question 46

What are the 2 cellular adhesions that help stabilize the epithelial cell layers? What are they each composed of?

Answer 46

1) adhering junctions (zonula adherens) -cadherins and actin filaments 2) desmosomes -cadherins and intermediate filaments

Question 47

What cellular adhesion helps provide communication between epithelial cells? What is the specific protein in this adhesion?

Answer 47

gap junctions -connexon

Question 48

What does the image analysis OCULAR stand for?

Answer 48

O - does it have an Origin C - does it Circle in or out U - Utilize + observe the familiar L - Look + examine morphology A - Analyze the stain R - is this Reasonable