Musculoskeletal Phys

Question 1

What is the term for the time delay of a few milliseconds between stimulation and the onset of contraction?

Answer 1

latent period

Question 2

What is the term for the time from the onset of contraction until peak tension in a muscle fiber is developed?

Answer 2

contraction time

Question 3

What is the term for the time from peak tension until relaxation of a muscle fiber?

Answer 3

relaxation time

Question 4

What is the term for brief, weak contractions that are generally too miniscule to be useful?

Answer 4

twitch

Question 5

How long does a single action potential last?

Answer 5

1-2 milliseconds

Question 6

Twitches happen after a short ________ ______

Answer 6

latent period

Question 7

How long does contraction time average?

Answer 7

50 milliseconds

Question 8

When does contraction time end?

Answer 8

when calcium release is completed

Question 9

Relaxation time is slightly longer than contraction time. Why?

Answer 9

it requires more ATP

Question 10

Total twitch time is how long?

Answer 10

100 milliseconds

Question 11

What is twitch summation? Why is it important?

Answer 11

repetitive stimulation of muscle fibers

is what causes movement

Question 12

Duration of muscle contraction is much _____ that duration of action potential

Answer 12

longer

Question 13

What are the 2 factors contributing to twitch summation?

Answer 13

cytosolic calcium
elastic components of tissues

Question 14

What occurs when it’s very cold, a patient loses control of their skeletal muscle contractions, and metabolic energy and temperature raises? Why is it important?

Answer 14

malignant hypothermia

“cooks” the muscle and can cause death

Question 15

What is the quickest source of ATP? Why is it not reliable?

Answer 15

stored ATP

the body cannot store ATP well as it is an unstable molecule

Question 16

What are the first 2 energy storehouses for contractile activity?

Answer 16

creatine phosphate
arginine phosphate

Question 17

What is a common supplement used to help with energy storage in muscles?

Answer 17

creatine

Question 18

Which ATP production process is fast, doesn’t require excess outside substances, and has a low ATP yield?

Answer 18

glycolysis

Question 19

Which ATP production process can be used without oxygen and is fueled by glucose?

Answer 19

glycolysis

Question 20

Glycolysis produces what?

Answer 20

3 ATP
pyruvate
lactate

Question 21

Which type of ATP production process requires oxygen, happens in mitochondria, takes longer, and has a high ATP yield?

Answer 21

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 22

What stores oxygen in muscle fibers?

Answer 22

myoglobin

Question 23

The Kreb’s cycle yields…

Answer 23

6CO2 and ATP products

Question 24

Pyruvate converts to ____ which then converts to ______

Answer 24

CoA
CO2

Question 25

Which ion starts ATP synthase?

Answer 25

hydrogen