Musculoskeletal Phys

Question 1

The ATP synthase cycles can produce _____ WITHOUT producing ATP

Answer 1

heat

Question 2

How is ROS made?

Answer 2

rogue hydrogen ions breakdown certain molecules

Question 3

What is ROS?

Answer 3

reactive oxygen species

Question 4

What are the 2 reasons behind why we produce heat without ATP during ATP synthase?

Answer 4

hibernation
disease

Question 5

Why would producing heat without ATP be a problem?

Answer 5

can increase temperatures, causing degeneration of mitochondria

Question 6

What are 2 examples of intracellular oxidizable substrates?

Answer 6

glycogen
triglyceride

Question 7

Glycogen is stored in _____ and has almost _______ ATP production

Answer 7

muscles
instant

Question 8

Triglycerides are ______ stored in muscles and requires _______

Answer 8

fats
mitochondria

Question 9

What is the difference between intracellular and extracellular oxidative substrates?

Answer 9

extracellular substrates need transporters to go across membrane

Question 10

_________ substrates have a larger potential pool of substrates

Answer 10

extracellular

Question 11

What are the 2 substrate-specific transporters?

Answer 11

insulin
contraction

Question 12

Insulin is released with increased _______ levels

Answer 12

glucose

Question 13

How long is the glucose intake process?

Answer 13

5-10 minutes

Question 14

What is the term for decreased contractile response of exercising muscle to stimulation?

Answer 14

fatigue

Question 15

What are 4 causes of fatigue?

Answer 15

1) increase in ADP / P
2) accumulation of waste products
3) accumulation of extracellular potassium
4) depletion of glycogen reserves

Question 16

________ fatigue involves a decrease in CNs and LMN stimulation

Answer 16

central

Question 17

Do afferent or efferent nerves signal the CNS to start fatigue?

Answer 17

afferent