Neurophysiology

Question 1

What are the 5 main components of the CNS?

Answer 1

neurons
support cells
meninges
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
blood brain barrier (BBB)

Question 2

Meninges are made up of…

Answer 2

3 membranes that wrap around CNS

Question 3

What part of the CNS is more than half of the volume of the brain?

Answer 3

support cells

Question 4

What are the 3 layers of the meninges (outer to inner)?

Answer 4

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

Question 5

What are the 4 types of support cells? What is another name of support cells?

Answer 5

1) astrocytes
2) oligodendrocytes
3) microglia
4) ependymal

glial cells

Question 6

___________ compose the myelin sheaths in CNS and Schwann cell in the PNS

Answer 6

oligodendrocytes

Question 7

Which type of support cell is the resident immune cell in the CNS?

Answer 7

microglia

Question 8

__________ are epithelial cells that line the cavities of brain and spinal cord

Answer 8

ependymal

Question 9

Astrocytes get their name because they are ____-_______

Answer 9

star-shaped

Question 10

Astrocytes main functions are for _______, _______ _________, and _______ ______ ______

Answer 10

structure
metabolic support
nervous system repair

Question 11

Astrocytes help maintain the ______ concentration in interstitial fluid

Answer 11

potassium

Question 12

What is glial scar?

Answer 12

astrocytes fill in space around injury to nerve cells

Question 13

What part of the nervous system separates components of blood from interstitial fluid that surrounds the brain?

Answer 13

blood brain barrier

Question 14

The BBB is created by…

Answer 14

1) tight junctions of capillaries
2) astrocyte foot processes
3) p-glycoprotein pumps

Question 15

The astrocyte end-feet encircle _________ cells in the BBB

Answer 15

endothelial

Question 16

Which type of drugs are more likely to cross the BBB?

Answer 16

fat soluble

Question 17

___-_______ is an efflux pump in the capillary endothelium

Answer 17

p-glycoprotein

Question 18

What is the gene for p-glycoprotein?

Answer 18

MDR (multiple drug resistance)

Question 19

What breeds of dogs typically have a mutation of the MDR gene?

Answer 19

collies
shelties
aussies
sight hounds

Question 20

What is the term for areas of the brain where the BBB is not fully present?

Answer 20

circumventricular organs

Question 21

Which areas of the brain are considered circumventricular organs?

Answer 21

area postrema
hypothalamus

Question 22

Where is the site of CSF production?

Answer 22

choroid plexus

Question 23

Where is the chemoreceptor trigger zone?

Answer 23

fourth ventricle

Question 24

Where is the “vomiting” center?

Answer 24

fourth ventricle in chemoreceptor trigger zone

Question 25

Which type of receptors are stimulated to induce vomiting? Which is the main one?

Answer 25

dopamine !!! histamine serotonin muscarinic

Question 26

Astrocytes express plasma membrane transporters including ________ and ________ transporters

Answer 26

glutamate GABA

Question 27

Astrocytes regulate ion concentration in the __________ space

Answer 27

extracellular

Question 28

Oligodendrocytes wrap around neurons and create the _______ sheath in ______ matter

Answer 28

myelin white

Question 29

What are the major functions of the CSF?

Answer 29

1) cushion brain/spinal cord 2) shock absorber 3) exchange materials w/ brain interstitial fluid

Question 30

Leaky capillaries produce an ultrafiltrate of plasms, which creates _______

Answer 30

CSF

Question 31

Failure to absorb CSF adequately results in...

Answer 31

expansion of brain ventricles

Question 32

CSF is absorbed through the __________ space

Answer 32

subarachnoid

Question 33

CSF is a clear, colorless fluid and is almost acellular. What does this mean??

Answer 33

little to no cells in fluid. small amount of lymphocytes