Musculoskeletal Phys

Question 1

Tendon attaches bone to _______

Answer 1

muscle

Question 2

Ligament attaches bone to _____

Answer 2

bone

Question 3

What are the 3 main purposes of tendons and ligaments?

Answer 3

1) transmit tension force from muscle to bone
2) provide stability to joints
3) absorb, store, and release energy

Question 4

Tendon’s handle _____ term storage and ligaments handle _____ term storage of energy

Answer 4

short
long

Question 5

What are the 4 components of tendons?

Answer 5

1) water
2) collagen
3) proteoglycans
4) tenocytes

Question 6

Water makes up ___% of tendon mass and helps impart _________

Answer 6

66
flexibility

Question 7

The collagen of tendons is predominantly Type ____ and makes up ________% of tendon mass

Answer 7

1
28-30

Question 8

Proteoglycans in tendons is the equivalent of ____-________ ____ in cartilage

Answer 8

non-collagenous matrix

Question 9

What are the 2 parts of preoteoglycans?

Answer 9

COMP
aggrecan

Question 10

What are tenocytes?

Answer 10

tendon cells that synthesize collagen and matrix

Question 11

Collagen in the tendon has a ______ helix structure and crosslinks to…

Answer 11

triple

impart strength and stretch

Question 12

Caps between collagen helixes are considered ______ _____

Answer 12

weak points

Question 13

Vessels of the tendons come from what 3 places?

Answer 13

1) musculotendinous junction
2) osteotendinous insertion
3) other solid attachments

Question 14

The _____ part of tendons get nutrients, while the _______ part is often considered “starved”. Why?

Answer 14

end
middle

vessel orientation and length

Question 15

Tendons and ligament can easily manage _________ force and can NOT manage _______ force

Answer 15

tension
bending

Question 16

Tendons can barely manage compression, shear, and torsion force. What do they use instead to compensate for these forces?

Answer 16

sesamoid bones (patella!)

Question 17

You’ll find sesamoid bones in ___________ joints

Answer 17

hypermovement

Question 18

Tendons are designed to have _____ and _______ within a limit

Answer 18

stretch
elasticity

Question 19

What are the 2 loading types tendons and ligaments concern themselves with?

Answer 19

concentric
eccentric

Question 20

What is the main concept of concentric loading?

Answer 20

the muscle shortens, leading to tendon tension that goes into bone

Question 21

What is the main concept of eccentric loading?

Answer 21

bone applies force to tendon, then applies to muscles which then lengthen

Question 22

In what type of loading does injuries typically happen?

Answer 22

eccentric

Question 23

Which type of loading is a fast chock absorber?

Answer 23

concentreric

Question 24

When a tendon stretches their crimping, what does this mean?

Answer 24

low stress, low strain situation

Question 25

When a tendon stretches their fascicles, what does this mean?

Answer 25

medium stress, medium strain. level before injuries/deformations happen

Question 26

When a tendon has fascicle failure, what does this mean?

Answer 26

at the point of breaking. highest stress/strain relationship possible without major injury

Question 27

When fascicle's fail, what bonds break?

Answer 27

disulfide

Question 28

When there is structural failure of the tendon/ligament, what does this mean?

Answer 28

the tendon/ligament becomes injured in a way where it is no longer usable until long term healing occurs

Question 29

When we stretch crimp, by how much does the SDFT stretch?

Answer 29

4%

Question 30

When we stretch fascicles, by how much does the SDFT stretch?

Answer 30

11%

Question 31

When we reach fascicle failure, by how much does the SDFT stretch?

Answer 31

13%

Question 32

When we reach structural failure, by how much does the SDFT stretch?

Answer 32

27%

Question 33

Ligaments are not meant to ____

Answer 33

stretch

Question 34

A tendon/ligament with higher crimping means...

Answer 34

capable of handling strain at higher levels before injury

Question 35

Injured tendons cannot reform ________

Answer 35

crimp