Musculoskeletal Phys

Question 1

Joints are made up of what 4 things?

Answer 1

water
collagen
non-collagenous matrix
chondrocytes

Question 2

Which part of cartilage is 75% of the mass?

Answer 2

water

Question 3

Which part of cartilage is 15-22% of the mass?

Answer 3

collagen

Question 4

Which type of collagen is used in cartilage?

Answer 4

type 2

Question 5

Which part of cartilage is 4-7% of the mass?

Answer 5

non-collagenous matrix

Question 6

_______ is responsible for the synthesis of matrix

Answer 6

chondrocytes

Question 7

Cartilage is __________ and lacks __________

Answer 7

avascular
neurons

Question 8

Cartilage damage is not painful. What part of joint injury is actually painful?

Answer 8

“joint capsule” or damage-induced synovitis

Question 9

The ambient environment of chondrocytes is ______ and ________. Why?

Answer 9

hypoxic
acidotic

keeps chondrocytes from becoming osteocytes (elastic -> bone NO BUENO)

Question 10

What’s the main difference between how cartilage and bone interact to forces?

Answer 10

cartilage withstands compression AND shear, bone just compression

Question 11

What causes joint resistance to shear?

Answer 11

parallel fibers on joint surface

Question 12

Non-collagenous matrix has “ground substance”, which looks ________ and retains _____

Answer 12

granular
stain

Question 13

Non-collagenous matrix contains _____ ________ and ________

Answer 13

hyaluronic acid
aggrecan

Question 14

non-collagenous matrix has a _____-_________ arrangement

Answer 14

bottle-brush

Question 15

Non-collagenous matrix has ______ and _______, which cause strong attraction to each other

Answer 15

carboxyls
disulfides

Question 16

The purpose of joints it to support _____ and provide _______, _______ movement

Answer 16

weight
selective
directional

Question 17

Joints provide movement based on _____ and ____ of joint

Answer 17

location
shape

Question 18

What are the 3 biomechanical properties of joints?

Answer 18

1) resist compression
2) resist tension
3) resist torsion

Question 19

Joints resist compression through _______ and ______

Answer 19

matrix
water

Question 20

Joints resist tension through ______ _______ and ______ What else do these 2 things resist?

Answer 20

joint capsules
ligaments

torsion

Question 21

Joints use their _______ and ______ to resist torsion (design)

Answer 21

grooves
ridges

Question 22

Which biomechanical force do we want MINIMAL resistance to in joints?

Answer 22

shear

Question 23

What helps keep minimal resistance to shear in joints?

Answer 23

water (lubrication)

Question 24

Water is considered _______ and should prevent cartilage from touching other cartilage

Answer 24

noncompressive

Question 25

Areas of high compression have higher concentration of __________. What does this allow?

Answer 25

glycosaminoglycans greater retention of water

Question 26

Exercise on joints leads to increased ______, ______, and _________

Answer 26

GAG HA aggrecan

Question 27

Exercise on joints leads to "______" matrix water. What does this allow?

Answer 27

flushing exchange of nutrients

Question 28

Wear marks are common in athletic joints, HOWEVER, it can be caused by many things like...

Answer 28

loose joint capsule not enough water cartilage rubbing together SPECULATIONS!

Question 29

Cartilage will follow _____ law until skeleton matures

Answer 29

Wolfe's