Physiology Practice Q1 Flashcards by Sierra Miles

Cholesterol mixes with phospholipids in a cell membrane because cholesterol molecules are
A. Amphiphilic
B. entirely hydrophobic
C. phospholipid derivatives
D. entirely polar

A. Amphiphilic

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Classes of membrane transport proteins include all of the following except
A. ATP-powered pump
B. ion channels
C. transporters
D. G-protein coupled receptors

D. G-protein coupled receptors

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The major site of lipid synthesis in eukaryotic cells is the
A. nucleus
B. endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
C. Peroxisome
D. Mitochondria

B. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

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The major ATP-powered pump responsible for maintaining ion gradients across the plasma membrane of
mammalian cells is
A. the calmodulin-activated plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase.
B. the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase.
C. the vacuolar F-class proton pump.
D. the plasma-membrane Na+/K+ ATPase

D. the plasma-membrane Na+/K+ ATPase

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Maintenance of the resting potential of a neuron is due to the action of
A. Sodium/potassium pumps
B. Voltage-gated potassium channels
C. Presynaptic reuptake channels
D. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials

A. sodium/potassium pumps

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For which of the following ions is the extracellular concentration typically higher than the intracellular
concentration?
A. Sodium
B. Calcium
C. Magnesium
D. Potassium (K+ conc is highest intracellularly)

A. Sodium

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Peripheral proteins can be easily knocked off a membrane by ionic effects (salting out)
* True
* False

True

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freebie :)

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Action potential conduction is unidirectional because…
A. There is only one axon hillock
B. Axons are aligned in a dorsal to ventral orientation
C. K+ channels remain closed until the membrane potential is maximally depolarized and the internal membrane is positively charged
D. Following depolarization, Na+ channels close into a locked position resulting in an absolute refractory period.

D. Following depolarization, Na+ channels close into a locked position resulting in an absolute refractory period

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Peroxisomes are different from lysosomes because they contain oxidases rather than hydrolases
True
False

True

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Proteins like spectrin, ankrin are present on the cytosolic side of human red blood cell plasma membrane, for?
A. Transportation of organelle
B. Cytoskeletal framework
C. Transport of solutes
D. None of the above

B. cytoskeletal framework

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Cell membranes have a ____ structure with the polar head groups of the phospholipids facing toward the aqueous environment and the ____ facing toward the interior of the membrane
A. bilayer, hydrophobic tails
B. micellar, hydrophilic tails
C. monolayer, hydrophilic tails
D. micellar, hydrophobic tails

A. bilayer, hydrophobic tails

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SNARE proteins are important in
A. Making the membrane energetically favorable to undergo endocytosis
B. Exocytosis of the neurotransmitter
C. Enzyme degradation of the neurotransmitter
D. Reuptake of neurotransmitter into the presynaptic neuron

B. Exocytosis of the neurotransmitter

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During osmosis, the semipermeable membrane only allows what through?
A. Ions
B. Water
C. Glucose
D. Proteins

B. Water

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Which statement below best describes osmosis?
Which statement below best describes osmosis?
A. It occurs when water moves from a fluid with a low solute concentration to a fluid with a high solute
concentration.
B. It occurs when solutes move from a fluid with a low solute concentration to a fluid with a high solute
concentration.
C. It occurs when water moves from a fluid with a high solute concentration to a fluid with a low solute
concentration.
D. It occurs when solutes move from a fluid with a high solute concentration to a fluid with a water solute
concentration.

A. It occurs when water moves from a fluid with a low solute concentration to a fluid with a high solute
concentration.

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Imagine a small synthetic vesicle made from pure phospholipids enclosing an interior lumen containing 1 mM
glucose and 1 mM sodium chloride. If the vesicle is placed in pure water, which of the following happens faster?
A. Na+ diffuses out
B. Cl– diffuses out
C. H2O diffuses in
D. Glucose diffuses out
E. Sodium chloride diffuses out

C. H2O diffuses in

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Glycolipids are especially abundant in the cytosolic side of the plasma membrane.
* True
* False

False

Abundant on ECM side of plasma membrane

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Which of the following is a microtubule-based motor protein?
A. Dynamin
B. Dynein
C. Myosin
D. Actin

B. Dynein

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Phospholipids with short or unsaturated fatty acyl chains
A. decrease membrane fluidity
B. increase membrane fluidity
C. cause biomembranes to become thicker
D. allow hydrophilic molecules to diffuse across the lipid bilayer

B. increase membrane fluidity

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Facilitated diffusion
A. Requires a carrier protein to transport a substance across a membrane
B. Does not require a carrier protein
C. Requires ATP for transporting a substance across a membrane
D. None of the above

A. Requires a carrier protein to transport a substance across a membrane

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Which of the following is considered as a motor protein?
A. Actin
B. Tubulin
C. Myosin
D. None of the above

C. Myosin

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Presence of cholesterol in cell membrane
A. increases membrane permeability
B. decreases membrane permeability
C. None of the above

B. decreases membrane permeability

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A pure phospholipid bilayer is most permeable to which of the following
A. Oxygen
B. Water
C. Sodium
D. None of the above

A. Oxygen

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Which of the following is NOT a direct function of the Na+-K+ pump?
A. development of a Na+ gradient across the cell membrane
B. development of a K+ gradient across the cell membrane
C. regulation of cellular pH
D. cell volume regulation

C. regulation of cellular pH

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You wish to extract a transmembrane integral protein (e. g. tyrosine kinase) and assay its function. Which of the following would you use for the extraction? A. Ionic agents (Salting out) B. Detergents C. DNA D. None of the above

B. Detergents

A sodium-potassium pumps___ sodium ions out of the cell for every 2 potassium ions. A. 3 B. 2 C. 1 D. 0

A. 3

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis and __________ mediated endocytosis are two major cellular uptake pathways.

caveoli

Solute transport through ion gated channel is many magnitide higher as compared to transporters/pump. True False

True

Water transport across the plasma membrane via specialized channel named _________.

aquaporins

The sodium-potassium pump is an example of what transport process? A. Osmosis B. Active transport C. Simple diffusion D. Facilitated diffusion

B. active transport

If the inside of a cell has a high osmolarity (high osmotic pressure), will water leave or enter the cell?

enter

What molecules (solutes) does the cell’s membrane (phospholipid bilayer) allow to diffusion through without channel or carrier proteins? Select all that apply: A. Glucose B. Oxygen C. Ions D. Carbon dioxide

B. oxygen D. carbon dioxide

Select all the correct statements about facilitated diffusion and active transport: A. Facilitated diffusion requires no energy while active transport does. B. Facilitated diffusion moves molecules down the concentration gradient (from high to low concentration), while active transport moves molecules against the concentration gradient (low to high concentration). C. Both transport processes utilize carrier or channel proteins. D. Both processes only transport tiny, noncharged molecules.

A, B, and C: facilitated diffusion and active transport both transport large, charged molecules

Select all the characteristics of active transport: A. Requires ATP B. Moves only tiny, noncharged molecules C. Moves molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration of molecules D. Moves molecules against the concentration gradient E. Uses proteins to help assist in transporting molecules

A, D, E

What transport process moves molecules (solutes) from a high concentration to a low concentration without channel or carrier proteins or energy? A. Active transport B. Simple diffusion C. Facilitated diffusion

B. simple diffusion

What forms of fluid or electrolyte movement are considered to be passive transport processes? Select all that apply: A. Osmosis B. Active transport C. Simple diffusion D. Facilitated diffusion

A, C, D

Na+-Glucose symport is an example of ______________ where pumping of Na+ extracellularly by Na-K pum p( which utilizes ATP), induces ionic gradient which facilitates glucose transport in the intestinal cell. A. Primary Active transport B. Secondary Active transport

B. Secondary active transport

Which pumps confers resistance against chemotherapy by pumping chemotherapeutics drugs like Vinblastine outside the cell?

ABC transporters MDR1 ABCA1

Which pump located in the lysosomes acidifies lumen content? A. V-ATPases B. F-ATPases C. P-ATPase

A. V-ATPase

Which pump located in the lysosomes helps with ATP synthesis in mitochondria? A. V-ATPases B. F-ATPases C. P-ATPase

B. F-ATPases

Which pump located in the lysosomes helps assist with Na-K pumps? A. V-ATPases B. F-ATPases C. P-ATPase

C. P-ATPase

Which channel(s) mediates neuronal membrane potential? A. Na-K+ ATPases B. K+ Leak Channel C. v-ATPase D. ABC Transporter

A. Na-K+ ATPases B. K+ Leak Channel

Which type of ion channel senses change in the transmembrane electrical potential and respond by opening the gate, and influx of cations such as Na+, Ca+, K+.

voltage-gated ion channel

Which state of NA+ Ion channel ensures unidirectional propagation of action potential across the neuron A. Inactivated B. Open C. Closed D. None of the above

A. Inactivated

Term used for the engulfment of foreign pathogen A. Phagocytosis B. Endocytosis C. Pinocytosis D. Transcytosis

A. Phagocytosis

Vesicular-mediated transport (Clathrin-coated) /uptake of content from outside to the inside of the cell is known as ________, while transport of cellular content from inside to the outside extracellular space is termed as __________.

endocytosis exocytosis

Excitatory neurotransmitters such as Acetylcholine acts on ligand-gated channels to facilitate influx of Cations (+ve charged ions like Na+,) , while ________ __________ like GABA or Glycine acts on specific ligand-gated channels to facilitate ______ ______ (-ve charged ions) like chloride(Cl-)

inhibitory neurotransmitters anion influx

Which types of drugs are easily absorbed in the system A. Lipophilic (hydrophobic) B. Unionized C. Ionzed D. Hydrophilic

A. Lipophilic (hydrophobic) B. Unionized

Normally, weak drugs dissolve in ________ environment while basic drugs dissolve in _________ environment A. Acidic, basic B. Basic, acidic C. Neutral, neutral D. None of the above

A. acidic, basic

Rates of movement through ion channels can be orders of magnitude greater than rates through transporters. True False

True

Which filaments are built from the molecules of protein actin? A. Microtubules B. Microfilaments C. Intermediate filaments D. Cilia

B. Microfilaments

Dynamic instability provides the necessary force for the chromosomes to separate during mitosis * True * False

True

What powers ciliary and flagellar motion in cells? * A) Myosin * B) Dynein * C) Actin * D) Kinesin

B. Dynein

Which organelle is known for being involved in the biogenesis of ribosomal subunits? * A) Nucleolus * B) Mitochondria * C) Peroxisomes * D) Lysosomes

A. Nucleolus

Which of the following structures contains cytochrome p450 enzymes involved in drug metabolism? * A) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum * B) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum * C) Golgi Apparatus * D) Lysosome

B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

What type of chromatin is gene-rich and transcriptionally active? * A) Heterochromatin * B) Euchromatin * C) Mitochondrial DNA * D) Ribosomal RNA

B. euchromatin

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus? * A) Synthesizing ATP * B) Modifying and sorting proteins * C) Lipid synthesis * D) Detoxifying chemicals

B. modifying and sorting proteins

Which process does clathrin assist? * A) Protein synthesis * B) Lipid metabolism * C) Vesicle formation and Endocytosis * D) ATP production

C. vesicle formation and endocytosis

Which organelle is described as “The Cell’s Trash Digester”? * A) Peroxisome * B) Golgi apparatus * C) Lysosome

C. lysosome

Which organelle is responsible for oxidation of long chain fatty acid and detoxifying substances like alcohol in the liver? * A) Mitochondria * B) Peroxisomes * C) Lysosomes * D) Golgi apparatus

B. peroxisomes

Which statement best describes retrograde transport in neurons? * A) Movement of vesicles from the axon terminals to the cell body * B) Transport of synaptic vesicles to the presynaptic terminal * C) Involves kinesin-bound vesicles * D) Only occurs during mitosis

A. movement of vesicles from the axon terminals to the cell body

Which statement best describes anterograde transport in neurons? * A) Movement of from the axon terminals to the cell body * B) Transport of synaptic vesicles from the cell body to the presynaptic terminal * C) Involves kinesin-bound vesicles * D) Only occurs during mitosis

B. transport of synaptic vesicles from the cell body to the presynaptic terminal

Which molecule is used by actin filaments for polymerization at the plus end? * A) GTP * B) ATP * C) ADP * D) GDP

B. ATP

What is the role of nexin in microtubules? * A) Powers motion in axonal transport * B) Restricts movement between outer tubules * C) Hydrolyzes ATP for energy

B. restricts movement between outer tubules

hat is the function of F-ATP synthase in mitochondria? * A) Synthesizing proteins * B) Creating a proton gradient * C) Synthesizing ATP from ADP using a proton gradient * D) Detoxifying poisons

C. synthesizing ATP from ADP using a proton gradient

Which process does actin use to grow and disassemble? * A) GTP hydrolysis * B) ATP hydrolysis * C) Dynamic instability * D) Treadmilling

D. treadmilling

What phenomenon describes the rapid alternation between growth and shrinkage of microtubules? * A) Treadmilling * B) Dynamic instability * C) Retrograde transport * D) Oxidation

B. dynamic instability

Which molecular motor is responsible for anterograde transport in neurons? * A) Dynein * B) Kinesin * C) Myosin * D) Actin

B. kinesin

What powers ciliary and flagellar motion in cells? * A) Myosin * B) Dynein * C) Actin * D) Kinesin

B. dynein

Myosin is a motor protein involved in muscle contraction True or false

True

Physiology Practice Q1 Flashcards

(70 cards)