Emotions

Question 1

Damage causes inability to plan and organize, leading to poor decision making (impulsive)

Answer 1

PFC

Question 2

May impact muscle tone in lower face on one side

Answer 2

Hemispheric stroke

Question 3

Is implicit or explicit deception detection better?

Answer 3

Implicit

Question 4

What two pathways control facial expression?

Answer 4

Voluntary and spontaneous/involuntary

Question 5

Contributes to social behavior. Damage may be implicated in sociopathy

Answer 5

Anterior cingulate cortex

Question 6

What do patients with amygdala problems show that many autism patients show?

Answer 6

Difficulty figuring out emotions from facial expressions. Focus their eyes on the nose and not between eyes

Question 7

Contains benzodiazepine (GABA) receptors (anxiolytics)

Answer 7

Amygdala

Question 8

What cant Parkinsons patients show very well and why?

Answer 8

Joy. They have damage to their basal ganglia which impairs the spontaneous pathway of expression

Question 9

More active brain areas during truth

Answer 9

Inferior parietal lobe

Question 10

James-lange theory pathway

Answer 10

Thalamus to limbic system to bodily reaction to cortex

Question 11

Examples of universality of emotions

Answer 11

Major expressions same across diverse cultures. Stranger anxiety at same age (9 months). Blind infants and sighted infants exhibit emotional expressions at the same time (2 months)

Question 12

Receives only contralateral input

Answer 12

Lower 2/3 of face

Question 13

Damage here produces emotional disturbance

Answer 13

Frontal lobe

Question 14

How are specific emotions located in the brain?

Answer 14

Widespread areas of the brain are associated with specific emotions

Question 15

What are the 2 continuum’s emotion lies on?

Answer 15

Valence and arousal

Question 16

Physiological arousal contributes to emotions intensity, while identity of emotion is based on cognitive appraisal

Answer 16

Schachter-Singer Two Factor theory of emotion

Question 17

Measure of sweat gland activation, sympathetic nervous system activity

Answer 17

Skin-condunctance response

Question 18

More active brain areas during lies

Answer 18

Inferior and medial frontal gyrus

Question 19

Associated with disgust and pain

Answer 19

Insula

Question 20

High activity in people with anxiety disorders

Answer 20

Anterior cingulate cortex

Question 21

This hemisphere plays a greater role in expression and perception of emotion

Answer 21

Right

Question 22

What does Yerkes-Dodson law say?

Answer 22

There is an optimal level of arousal that leads to the greatest performance. Like music being used to hype up or calm down before a game to hit that level

Question 23

When is the amygdala more active?

Answer 23

When viewing facial expressions of fear

Question 24

Action before emotion. Our emotional reaction is determined by our interpretation of the physical response

Answer 24

James-Lange theory

Question 25

Lesion of amygdala

Answer 25

Difficulty identifying fear and anger

Question 26

Damage to these causes individuals to not respond emotionally to poor choices. No regret for poor choice

Answer 26

Orbitofrontal and ventromedial cortexes in the PFC

Question 27

Positive or negative emotions. Good and want more or bad and want less

Answer 27

Valence

Question 28

Kluver-bucy syndrome that affects this area causing reduced fear

Answer 28

Amygdala

Question 29

What improves the ability to detect deceit?

Answer 29

Feeling threatened. High stakes.

Question 30

How does music influence arousal?

Answer 30

Music can be used to hype up or calm down in order to reach optimum arousal

Question 31

Environmental influences on emotion

Answer 31

Presence of others influences intensity of emotional expression

Question 32

Damage causes apathy and loss of initiative or drive

Answer 32

PFC

Question 33

What can single brain regions do in emotion?

Answer 33

Participate in more than one emotional state

Question 34

Basal ganglia involved. Duchenne smile

Answer 34

Spontaneous/involuntary pathway of expression

Question 35

What does sweat tell us?

Answer 35

If there is an emotional response or not

Question 36

Specific pattern of autonomic arousal leads to specific emotions. Changes in body lead to changes in emotion

Answer 36

James-Lange theory of emotion

Question 37

This hemisphere is involved in avoidance

Answer 37

Right

Question 38

What is significant about the PFC?

Answer 38

It has many inputs and outputs

Question 39

What is the gambling task?

Answer 39

Anticipating the bad deck and sweating in anticipation. Emotional responsivity

Question 40

What is the output to behavior in the limbic system?

Answer 40

Hypothalamus

Question 41

6 primary emotions

Answer 41

Disgust, fear, joy, sadness, anger, and surprise

Question 42

Controls the superficial muscles attached to the skin of the face

Answer 42

Cranial nerve VII (Facial)

Question 43

Distinguishes between positive and negative stimuli

Answer 43

Insula

Question 44

What does deception cause?

Answer 44

It has high cognitive costs and arousal produces physical clues of deceit

Question 45

Controls deep muscles attached to the bones of the head

Answer 45

Cranial nerve V (Trigeminal)

Question 46

Individual differences in emotion

Answer 46

Overall level of reactivity differs and temperament

Question 47

Schachter-singer theory pathway

Answer 47

Cortex to thalamus and limbic system to bodily reaction back to cortex. Early cortical activation

Question 48

What do areas of the brain associated with different emotions do?

Answer 48

Overlap

Question 49

How are all of our emotions made?

Answer 49

A combination of primary emotions

Question 50

Involved in fear conditioning

Answer 50

Amygdala

Question 51

What are trusting people poorer at?

Answer 51

Detecting deceit

Question 52

Produces different patterns of arousal during different emotional states

Answer 52

Autonomic nervous system

Question 53

How does damage to the frontal lobe (orbitofrontal and ventromedial cortexes) influences the skin-conductance response?

Answer 53

The damage patients showed little to no sweat response

Question 54

This hemisphere is involved in approach

Answer 54

Left

Question 55

Conscious, cognitive appraisals of threat

Answer 55

Anterior cingulate cortex

Question 56

Strong belief a loved one has been replaced by identical imposter. Caused by visual recognition with no emotional connection. No SCR, no arousal

Answer 56

Capgras delusion

Question 57

Where are the nuclei of the cranial nerves that control facial expressions?

Answer 57

Pons near the midline

Question 58

When does the ANS have a stronger response?

Answer 58

Negative states

Question 59

What is the Duchenne smile?

Answer 59

Genuine smile. Smile with eyes

Question 60

How were areas active during lies and truths found?

Answer 60

fMRI

Question 61

Key structures of the limbic system

Answer 61

Cingulate gyrus, anterior thalamus, hippocampal formation, amygdala, mamillothalamic tract, hypothalamus

Question 62

What does the facial feedback hypothesis say?

Answer 62

Certain facial expressions send signals to the brain that can help lift a mood

Question 63

Receives bilateral input

Answer 63

Upper 1/3 of face

Question 64

Damage causes inability to experience and express emotions and to recognize emotions expressions of others

Answer 64

PFC

Question 65

Sensation + solve = emotion. Physical arousal caused by stimulus is labeled and associated with an emotion we then feel

Answer 65

Schachter-Singer theory

Question 66

Contralateral motor cortices involved (right or left). Forced or fake smile

Answer 66

Voluntary pathway of expression

Question 67

Level of emotions. High and intense or low and calm

Answer 67

Arousal

Question 68

Stimulation of amygdala

Answer 68

Produces fear and anxiety