Flashcards in Emotions Deck (68)
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1
Damage causes inability to plan and organize, leading to poor decision making (impulsive)
PFC
2
May impact muscle tone in lower face on one side
Hemispheric stroke
3
Is implicit or explicit deception detection better?
Implicit
4
What two pathways control facial expression?
Voluntary and spontaneous/involuntary
5
Contributes to social behavior. Damage may be implicated in sociopathy
Anterior cingulate cortex
6
What do patients with amygdala problems show that many autism patients show?
Difficulty figuring out emotions from facial expressions. Focus their eyes on the nose and not between eyes
7
Contains benzodiazepine (GABA) receptors (anxiolytics)
Amygdala
8
What cant Parkinsons patients show very well and why?
Joy. They have damage to their basal ganglia which impairs the spontaneous pathway of expression
9
More active brain areas during truth
Inferior parietal lobe
10
James-lange theory pathway
Thalamus to limbic system to bodily reaction to cortex
11
Examples of universality of emotions
Major expressions same across diverse cultures. Stranger anxiety at same age (9 months). Blind infants and sighted infants exhibit emotional expressions at the same time (2 months)
12
Receives only contralateral input
Lower 2/3 of face
13
Damage here produces emotional disturbance
Frontal lobe
14
How are specific emotions located in the brain?
Widespread areas of the brain are associated with specific emotions
15
What are the 2 continuum's emotion lies on?
Valence and arousal
16
Physiological arousal contributes to emotions intensity, while identity of emotion is based on cognitive appraisal
Schachter-Singer Two Factor theory of emotion
17
Measure of sweat gland activation, sympathetic nervous system activity
Skin-condunctance response
18
More active brain areas during lies
Inferior and medial frontal gyrus
19
Associated with disgust and pain
Insula
20
High activity in people with anxiety disorders
Anterior cingulate cortex
21
This hemisphere plays a greater role in expression and perception of emotion
Right
22
What does Yerkes-Dodson law say?
There is an optimal level of arousal that leads to the greatest performance. Like music being used to hype up or calm down before a game to hit that level
23
When is the amygdala more active?
When viewing facial expressions of fear
24
Action before emotion. Our emotional reaction is determined by our interpretation of the physical response
James-Lange theory
25
Lesion of amygdala
Difficulty identifying fear and anger
26
Damage to these causes individuals to not respond emotionally to poor choices. No regret for poor choice
Orbitofrontal and ventromedial cortexes in the PFC
27
Positive or negative emotions. Good and want more or bad and want less
Valence
28
Kluver-bucy syndrome that affects this area causing reduced fear
Amygdala
29
What improves the ability to detect deceit?
Feeling threatened. High stakes.
30
How does music influence arousal?
Music can be used to hype up or calm down in order to reach optimum arousal
31
Environmental influences on emotion
Presence of others influences intensity of emotional expression
32
Damage causes apathy and loss of initiative or drive
PFC
33
What can single brain regions do in emotion?
Participate in more than one emotional state
34
Basal ganglia involved. Duchenne smile
Spontaneous/involuntary pathway of expression
35
What does sweat tell us?
If there is an emotional response or not
36
Specific pattern of autonomic arousal leads to specific emotions. Changes in body lead to changes in emotion
James-Lange theory of emotion
37
This hemisphere is involved in avoidance
Right
38
What is significant about the PFC?
It has many inputs and outputs
39
What is the gambling task?
Anticipating the bad deck and sweating in anticipation. Emotional responsivity
40
What is the output to behavior in the limbic system?
Hypothalamus
41
6 primary emotions
Disgust, fear, joy, sadness, anger, and surprise
42
Controls the superficial muscles attached to the skin of the face
Cranial nerve VII (Facial)
43
Distinguishes between positive and negative stimuli
Insula
44
What does deception cause?
It has high cognitive costs and arousal produces physical clues of deceit
45
Controls deep muscles attached to the bones of the head
Cranial nerve V (Trigeminal)
46
Individual differences in emotion
Overall level of reactivity differs and temperament
47
Schachter-singer theory pathway
Cortex to thalamus and limbic system to bodily reaction back to cortex. Early cortical activation
48
What do areas of the brain associated with different emotions do?
Overlap
49
How are all of our emotions made?
A combination of primary emotions
50
Involved in fear conditioning
Amygdala
51
What are trusting people poorer at?
Detecting deceit
52
Produces different patterns of arousal during different emotional states
Autonomic nervous system
53
How does damage to the frontal lobe (orbitofrontal and ventromedial cortexes) influences the skin-conductance response?
The damage patients showed little to no sweat response
54
This hemisphere is involved in approach
Left
55
Conscious, cognitive appraisals of threat
Anterior cingulate cortex
56
Strong belief a loved one has been replaced by identical imposter. Caused by visual recognition with no emotional connection. No SCR, no arousal
Capgras delusion
57
Where are the nuclei of the cranial nerves that control facial expressions?
Pons near the midline
58
When does the ANS have a stronger response?
Negative states
59
What is the Duchenne smile?
Genuine smile. Smile with eyes
60
How were areas active during lies and truths found?
fMRI
61
Key structures of the limbic system
Cingulate gyrus, anterior thalamus, hippocampal formation, amygdala, mamillothalamic tract, hypothalamus
62
What does the facial feedback hypothesis say?
Certain facial expressions send signals to the brain that can help lift a mood
63
Receives bilateral input
Upper 1/3 of face
64
Damage causes inability to experience and express emotions and to recognize emotions expressions of others
PFC
65
Sensation + solve = emotion. Physical arousal caused by stimulus is labeled and associated with an emotion we then feel
Schachter-Singer theory
66
Contralateral motor cortices involved (right or left). Forced or fake smile
Voluntary pathway of expression
67
Level of emotions. High and intense or low and calm
Arousal
68
