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Psych 3313 > Neurons and Glia > Flashcards

Neurons and Glia Flashcards

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1
Q

Secretes chemicals into bloodstream

A

Neuroendocrine

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2
Q

Changes shape when inflammation is found. Becomes an ameboid

A

Microglia

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3
Q

Tripartite synapse

A

Formed by astrocytes to keep neurotransmitters in

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4
Q

Involved in myelination around axons

A

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells

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5
Q

Reduces work done by sodium-potassium pumps

A

myelin

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6
Q

Single elongated process with cell body off to side (sensory receptors in joints to know if movement happened)

A

Pseudounipolar

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7
Q

Brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs

A

Efferent. Motor

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8
Q

Structural support to axon

A

Neurofilaments

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9
Q

Connects one neuron to another in brain or spinal cord. Vast majority of neurons.

A

Interneuron

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10
Q

Cytoplasm, organelles, and the nucleus are found here

A

Cell body (Soma)

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11
Q

Two processes separated by cell body. Often sensory

A

Bipolar

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12
Q

Antigen presentation allows them to recognize and destroy previously seen before bacteria

A

Microglia

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13
Q

Blood brain barrier

A

way of keeping things in the blood from the brain and brain from blood

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14
Q

10-15% of all cells in the brain

A

Microglia

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15
Q

Contains protein molecules, receptors, channels/pumps, transporters

A

Neural membrane

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16
Q

Micro and macro versions of this cell

A

glia

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17
Q

Contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters

A

Axon terminal

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18
Q

Communicate with neurons in distant areas of the nervous system

A

projection neurons (very long)

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19
Q

Most of the brain mass is here but there are less neurons than glia

A

cerebral cortex

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20
Q

No need for ion channels under these

A

myelin sheath

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21
Q

Starts at the axon hillock where axon join cell body

A

axon

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22
Q

Sensitive to type and amount of synaptic activity

A

Dendritic spine

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23
Q

Gaps between myelin sheaths are called

A

nodes of ranvier

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24
Q

Form structural matrix for neurons. Contribute to blood brain barrier. Regulate chemicals around neurons. Form scar tissue that inhibits regrowth and connectivity

A

Astrocytes

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25
Protoplasmic astrocytes
Thick projections with many branches. Found in gray matter
26
Provides metabolic (energy -ATP) and synthetic (protein) support
Cell body (soma)
27
Conducts action potentials
axon
28
One per many dendrites
axon
29
Secrete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Ependymal cells
30
Selectively permeable. Allows polarization
Neural membrane
31
Fibrous astrocytes
Long and slender with less branches. Found in white matter
32
Provides insulation and allows for smaller diameter axons
myelin
33
Small amount of brain mass and very small percentage of neurons here
basal gang, dienceph, brainstem
34
Cell body to axon terminal (forward acting)
Anterograde
35
In the PNS. One cell myelinated a single axon segment
Schwann Cells
36
When an axon branches off but is still just one axon
axon collaterals
37
From brain to spinal cord
Afferent. Sensory
38
Non-neural (no action potentials)
glia
39
Primary supporting cells of the CNS
glia
40
Diameter of axon/speed relationship
Larger diameter = faster signals | Smaller diameter = slower signals
41
Damage of these is associated with multiple sclerosis
Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
42
Which neurons are always myelinated
motor
43
Reorganization of neuronal branches
Microfilaments
44
Involved in blood brain barrier
Ependymal cells
45
Primary functioning cells of the CNS
neurons
46
Structural scaffold during early neurodevelopment
Radial glia
47
Many dendrites and a single axon. Most common
Multipolar
48
Receives integrates signals from many sources of input (integration zone)
Cell body (soma)
49
Communicate with neurons in immediate vicinity
local circuit (short)
50
In the CNS. One cell myelinated about 15 axons
Oligodendrocytes
51
Receive chemical messages from other cells, conduct post-synaptic potentials toward cell body
Dendrites
52
Most common glia coming in fibrous and protoplasmic types
Astrocytes
53
Located in the choroid plexus
Ependymal cells
54
Give more surface area to increase amount of potential inputs
Dendritic spine
55
Axon terminal to cell body (backward acting)
Retrograde
56
Shows plasticity (change over time)
Dendritic spine
57
White blood cells do the job of these everywhere but the CNS
Microglia
58
Receives thousands of inputs
Dendrites
59
Why is it easier to repair damage in the PNS as opposed to the CNS?
The oligodendrocytes in the CNS myelinate multiple axons whereas the Schwann cells in the PNS myelinate a single axon segment
60
Made of phospholipid bilayer
Neural membrane
61
Form tripartite synapse and participate in isolation and uptake
Astrocytes
62
Most of the brain neurons are here but it is a small part of the brain mass
Cerebellum
63
Six types of glial cells
Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, ependymal cells, radial glia, microglia
64
Dendritic spine degree of maturity
Mature - Immature | Mushroom spine, thin spine, stubby spine, filopodia
65
Responsible for transport of neurotransmitters and other cellular products to and from the cell body
Microtubules
66
Group of dendrites on one cell
Dendritic arborization
67
Help new neurons radiate outward and reach their final destination
Radial glia
68
These are found in the membrane lining ventricles and central canal of spinal cord
Ependymal cells
69
Information processing and communication
neurons
70
Acts to gate information flow to and from other neurons
Cell body (soma)
71
Defines intracellular/extracellular boundaries
Neural membrane
72
Small protrusion that receives input from a single axon
Dendritic spine
73
Which neurons are sometimes myelinated
sensory
74
Activated by inflammation
Microglia
75
Proliferative. Neural and glial progenitors
Radial glia
76
Immune defense in CNS
Microglia
77
General roles of glial cells
Glue. Physical and functional support functions to neurons. Help keep neurons healthy.
78
Phagocytose molecules associated with cellular damage
Microglia
79
Two types of cells in nervous system
neurons and glia

Psych 3313 (24 decks)

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