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Biology 2 > Lecture 16-Chordates I > Flashcards

Lecture 16-Chordates I Flashcards

1
Q

1st characteristic exhibited by all chordates:

A

Notochord

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2
Q

2nd characteristic exhibited by all chordates:

A

Dorsal hollow nerve cord

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3
Q

3rd characteristic exhibited by all chordates:

A

Pharyngeal slits

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4
Q

4th characteristic exhibited by all chordates:

A

Muscular post-anal tail

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5
Q

Longitudinal flexible rod of fluid filled cells.

A

Notochord

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6
Q

Located between the digestive tract and nerve cord.

A

Notochord

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7
Q

Provides skeletal support in higher vertebrates.

A

Notochord

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8
Q

Develops in CNS. Ventral located in other animals (e.g. Arthropods).

A

Dorsal hollow nerve chord

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9
Q

Allow water to pass through mouth without entering digestive tract.

A

Pharyngeal slits

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10
Q

Involved in filter feeding and respiration (as gills).

A

Pharyngeal slits

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11
Q

Allows for propulsion.

A

Muscular post-anal tail

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12
Q

All chordates exhibit all 4 characteristics at some point during development, but may not be present in the __________ __________.

A

Adult stage

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13
Q

__________, __________, and __________ are all Gnathostomes.

A

Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyans, and Tetrapoda

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14
Q

__________ exhibit all four characteristics as an adult.

A

Lancelets

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15
Q

Lancelets are _____-like, but are not _____.

A

Fish, fish

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16
Q

In lancelets, pharyngeal slits are used for filter feeding; __________ aid in this process.

A

Cirri

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17
Q

__________ produce mucus to trap suspended particles.

A

Cirri

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18
Q

Do lancelets have a respiratory system?

A

No

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19
Q

Lancelets exchange gas through their __________.

A

Skin

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20
Q

Lancelets have __________ circulatory systems.

A

Closed

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21
Q

Lancelets do NOT have a __________ or __________, and rarely have __________ cells.

A

Heart, hemoglobin, blood

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22
Q

_________ have mobile larvae morphologically similar to the lancelet.

A

Tunicates

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23
Q

During adult metamorphosis, tunicates lose _____ of 4 chordate characteristics and become __________.

A

3, sessile

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24
Q

The adult stage of the tunicate is a __________ __________ __________ (using mucus to trap food).

A

Sessile filter feeder

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25
Do tunicates have circulatory systems?
Yes
26
In tunicates __________ __________ perform some gas exchange.
Pharyngeal slits
27
Chordates with heads.
Craniates
28
__________, __________, and __________ are all subgroups of chordates.
Craniates, vertebrates, and Gnathostomes
29
__________ are craniates.
Hagfish
30
Hagfish have a __________ skull.
Cartilaginous
31
Hagfish lack __________ and __________.
Jaws and vertebrae
32
Hagfish produce __________ as an anti-predator defense.
Slime
33
Chordates with vertebrae.
Vertebrates
34
__________ are vertebrate chordates.
Lampreys
35
Lampreys have a __________ vertebral column (not calcified).
Cartilaginous
36
A lamprey's cartilaginous vertebral column is not __________.
Calcified
37
Lampreys lack __________.
Jaws
38
__________ lampreys filter feed using mucus (like lancelets).
Juvenile
39
Most __________ lampreys do not feed; some are parasitic and suck blood.
Adult
40
Chordates with jaws and vertebrae.
Gnathostomes
41
In gnathostomes, we now see the evolution of __________, __________ __________, and __________ ___________.
Jaws, paired fins, acquired immunity
42
__________ evolve from skeletal rods supporting gill slits.
Jaws
43
Chondrichthyes consist of:
Sharks and rays
44
Condrichthyes have __________ skeletons with some __________.
Cartilaginous, bones
45
Ventrally flattened.
Dorso
46
Chondrichthyes are __________.
Dorso
47
Osteichthyans consist of:
Bony fish
48
In Osteichthyans, we see the evolution of __________ __________.
Bony endoskeleton
49
The two groups of Osteichthyans are:
Ray-fin fish and Lobe-fin fish
50
Ray-fin fish have __________ lungs.
Rudimentary
51
These fish have swim bladders.
Ray-fin fish
52
Sharks and rays are __________ flattened (dorso).
Ventrally
53
Ray-fin fish are __________ flattened.
Laterally
54
The most diverse of fish.
Ray-fin fish
55
In lobe-fin fish, we see the evolution of fins with __________ __________ bones supporting __________.
Rod-shaped, muscle
56
2,types of lobe-fin fish are:
Coelacanth and lung fish
57
Coelacanth are thought to have been extinct for how long?
75 MY
58
__________ __________ have gills.
Lung fish
59
Lung fish survive terrestrial desiccation via in the mud using a __________ __________.
Mucus cocoon
60
In __________, we see the evolution of legs from lobe-finned lung fish.
Tetrapods
61
The Tiktaalik fossil posses both __________ and __________ characteristics.
Tetrapod and fish
62
In the Tiktaalik fossil (Tetrapoda), we see fins with __________.
Wrists
63
In the Tiktaalik fossil (Tetrapoda), we see the evolution of a __________.
Neck
64
In the Tiktaalik fossil (Tetrapoda), we see expanded __________.
Ribs
65
In the Tiktaalik fossil (Tetrapoda), we see __________ heads.
Flat
66
The Tiktaalik fossil (Tetrapoda) are likely to have lived in __________ __________.
Shallow waters
67
There are 9 Important evolutionary adaptations in the chordates. Which is the 1st?
1. The evolution of the 4 chordate characteristics
68
There are 9 Important evolutionary adaptations in the chordates. Which is the 2nd?
Head
69
There are 9 Important evolutionary adaptations in the chordates. Which is the 3rd?
Vertebral column
70
There are 9 Important evolutionary adaptations in the chordates. Which is the 4th?
Jaws, mineralized skeleton, paired fins
71
There are 9 Important evolutionary adaptations in the chordates. Which is the 5th?
Lungs/lung derivatives
72
There are 9 Important evolutionary adaptations in the chordates. Which is the 6th?
Lobed fins
73
There are 9 Important evolutionary adaptations in the chordates. Which is the 7th?
Legs
74
There are 9 Important evolutionary adaptations in the chordates. Which is the 8th?
Amniotic egg
75
There are 9 Important evolutionary adaptations in the chordates. Which is the 9th?
Milk

Biology 2 (32 decks)

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