Flashcards in PLS unit one e Deck (82):
1
Politics
the process of picking government officals who make decisions about public policy
2
civic life
participation in the community. Also includes institutions of the government
3
government
the body or bodies charged with making decisions
4
civil society
consists of different things that communities do to bring them together (recycling on campus)
5
social capital
things that are done to create trust between people in a society
6
representative democracy
What the United States does to elect president (have representatives from each state)
7
ruling elite theory
the argument that the wealthy have more say in the government than those who are not
8
pluralism
people with common beliefs get into the same group to try and establish dominance in the government but it rarely works out long term
9
biased plurallism
the wealthy play a larger role in determining the policies than normal citizens
10
direct initiatives
allows citizens to put certain laws directly on the ballet for voter approval
11
Indirect initiatives
citizens put their laws on a ballet and they have to go through legislature before it is sent on for the voters to vote on
12
popular referendum
this allows citizens to act upon laws that legislative has already decided on
13
legislative referendum
ballot measure that tries to gain voter approval for some legislative acts
14
recall
this is where citizens can remove and replace a public official before the end of their term
15
idelolgies
beliefs about how governments should operate
16
liberal democracy
ideology stressing individual rights and expressing faith in popular control of government. ideology that guided the American experience
17
political participation
Taking part in activities aimed at influencing the policies or leadership of government
18
social class
ones wealth, income, education all contribute to it
19
Thomas Jefferson
Called for periodic citizen uprisings to reinvigorate the spirit of democracy
20
Locke (why there is government)
said that people didn't need government in the past because the resources were plenty
21
Locke's Treatise of Government
says that people place themselves under control of government because of the mutual advantages that the government offers citizens
22
political participation
taking part in activities that are aimed at influencing policies or leadership of government
23
electoral majorities
who is elected to office, laws, how laws are administered
24
First time America looked at having a government?
When Britain and the colonies were not getting along
25
House of Burgess
America's first legislative government. consisted of 7 people and started in 1619. Continued to stand even when parliment took over the colonies in 1624
26
First Continental congress
Delegates of all 13 colonies (except Georgia) met in Philly to discuss the issues with parliament. urged boycott of British products
27
Second continental congress
met in 1775 and was used to discuss the colonial army and the upcoming war brewing with Britain
28
sovereign
recognized by the articles of confederation as this. (Also means independent)
29
three main economic concerns at the begininng of the colonies becoming a nation
1.) No common currency
2.) lack of control of inerstate commerce
3.) No way to collect federal taxes
30
Regulators
small farmers who roamed Massachusetts demanding that the tax impose be change...this led to Shay's rebellion
31
Virginia Plan
A two house legislature created by Edmund Randloph and James Madison which benefited the larger states
32
bicameral
meaning two house
33
unicameral
a single body legislature
34
New Jersey Plan
presented by WIlliam Paterson which benefited the smaller states more
35
The Great Compromise
the bill that said that votes will depend on the population of a state. (representative government)
36
Why did New York agree to ratify the constitution?
Alexander Hamilton saying the could be succeeding if they did not sign
37
How many articles are in the Constitution
7
38
Who was the declaration of independence written to protect the rights of?
property owning men
39
Barrons vs Baltimore
this caused the bill of rights to be applied to only the national government
40
Why did the puritans come to America
impatience with the church of England attempt to reform, and the religious persecution in England and Europe
41
American democratic system is protected by which constitutional principles?
federalism, checks and balances, separation of power
42
No. 51 by James Madison
government needs to control the governed and then obligated to control itself
43
Who was the governor of New York who opposed ratifying the constitution?
George Clinton
44
Mayflower Compact
first document for self-governance for the puritans
45
Why did the Federalists write "The federalists?"
In support of the constitution
46
What kind of democracy did the U.S Constitution want to create??
liberal democarcy
47
British trade policies
these were designed to force Colonists to pay for expensive finished goods and provide cheap raw materials for British Merchants
48
Why was the Bill of Rights initially made?
To protect citizens from the actions of the government
49
confederacy
system of government created by the Articles of Confederation, it allowed states to retain independence
50
Who wrote the federalist?
Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison
51
factions
were likely to put their own interests ahead of the best interest for the nation
52
Philadelphia Convention (purpose)
to revise the articles of confederation
53
Article 2
Establishes the executive branch.
54
two ways that an amendment can be proposed to the US Constitution?
approval by two thirds vote of each house of congress and through a national convention requested by the states
55
concurrent powers
shared by state and national government
56
progressive movement
gave increased power to the federal power
57
Reagen fought for state authority in which three areas?
commerce, drinking age, traffic safety
58
nullification
said that states could consider national acts unenforceable within that states borders
59
devolution
returned power to state and local governments
60
service learning programs
agencies that help connect volunteers with organizations in need of help
61
elastic clause
Provision of Article I of the constitution authorizing congress to make those laws necessary and proper for carrying out other laws it passes. (Maryland vs McCullach)
62
supremacy clause
Provision of Article Vi stipulating that the federal government, in exercising any of the power enumerated in the Constitution must prevail over any conflicting or inconsistent state exercise of power (the federal law overpowers the state law)
63
Federalists
supporters of the constitution and its strong central government
64
Antifederalists
Opponents of the ratification of the constitution
65
judicial review
Power of the court to review the acts of other political institutions and declare them unconstitutional
66
federalism
Power-sharing between the national and state governments in which some powers are granted to the national government alone, and some powers are reserved to the states
67
enumerated powers
Powers specifically allocated to the national government alone by the Constitution
68
Reserved powers
Powers constitutionally allocated to the states
69
Police powers
Authority states utilize to protect the health and welfare of their residents
70
concurrent powers
Powers shared by both state and national governments
71
prohibited powers
Powers denied by one or both levels of government
72
nullification
Doctrine that asserted the right of states to disregard federal actions with which they disagreed
73
dual federalism
Approach to federal-state relationships that envisions each level of government as distinct and authoritative within its own sphere of action
74
creative federalism
Federal-state relationship that sought to involve local populations and cities directly in addressing urban problems during the 1960s and 1970s
75
revenue sharing
A grant program begun in 1972 and ended in 1987 that funneled money directly to states and local governments on the basis of population and which were in need
76
devolution
A movement that gained momentum in the 1980s to grant states greater authority over the local operation of federal programs and local use of federal funds
77
categorical grants
Federal programs that provide funds for specific programs such as floor assistance
78
federal mandates
Federal requirements imposed on state and local governments, often a condition for receiving grants
79
unfunded mandates
Requirements imposed on state and local governments for which the federal governments provides no funds for compliance
80
intergovernmental lobbies
Professional advocacy groups representing various state and local governing bodies
81
full faith and credit
constitutional provision requirng each state to recognize legal transactions authorized in other states
82