1&2: History, Approaches, and Methods Flashcards Preview

AP Psychology > 1&2: History, Approaches, and Methods > Flashcards

Flashcards in 1&2: History, Approaches, and Methods Deck (28)
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1
Q

In 1879, WILHEM WUNDT set up the first .. .. in an APARTMENT near the .. at ..

A
  • PSYCHOLOGICAL LAB
  • UNIVERSITY
  • LEIPZIG
2
Q

WUNDT trained subjects in .., the subjects were asked to .. ACCURATELY their .. .. to simple ..

A
  • INTROSPECTION
  • RECORD
  • COGNITIVE REACTION
  • STIMULI
3
Q

STRUCTURALISM is the idea that the MIND OPERATES by combining .. .. and .. ..

A
  • SUBJECTIVE EMOTIONS

- OBJECTIVE SENSATIONS

4
Q

In 1890, WILLIAM JAMES published .. .. .. ..

A
  • THE PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGY
5
Q

“first woman to earn a PhD in psychology”

A
  • MARGARET FLOY WASHBURN
6
Q

“woman who studied with WILLIAM JAMES and went on to become PRESIDENT of the APA”

A
  • MARY WHITON CALKINS
7
Q

“he pioneered the study of CHILD DEVELOPMENT and was the FIRST PRESIDENT of the APA.”

A
  • G. STANLEY HALL
8
Q

GESTALT PSYCHOLOGISTS like MAX WERTHEIMER argued against .. human thought and behavior in .. ..

A
  • DIVIDING

- DISCRETE STRUCTURES

9
Q

“JOHN WATSON studied the pioneering .. EXPERIMENTS of .. … WATSON then declared that for psychology to be considered a SCIENCE, it must limit itself to .. .., not .. .. like the .. ..

A
  • CONDITIONING
  • IVAN PAVLOV
  • OBSERVABLE PHENOMENA
  • UNOBSERVABLE CONCEPTS
  • UNCONSCIOUS MIND
10
Q

(HISTORY) (4) WAVES of PYSCHOLOGY

A
  • INTROSPECTION (structuralism)
  • GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY (Wertheimer)
  • PSYCHOANALYSIS (Freud)
  • BEHAVIORISM (Watson)
11
Q

(7) PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES

A
  • HUMANIST PERSPECTIVE
  • PSYCHOANALYTIC
  • NEUROSCIENCE
  • EVOLUTIONARY
  • BEHAVIORAL
  • COGNITIVE (interpretation)
  • SOCIOCULTURAL
12
Q

“This perspective stresses INDIVIDUAL CHOICE and FREE WILL”

A
  • HUMANISM
13
Q

“This theory claims that we choose most of our BEHAVIORS and these choices are guided by PHYSIOLOGICAL, EMOTIONAL, and SPIRITUAL NEEDS.”

A
  • HUMANIST THEORY
14
Q

TITCHENER was a … psychologist who studied under .. .. for several years. He is best known for creating his version of psychology that described the .. .. .. ..; ..

A
  • BRITISH
  • WILHEM WUNDT
  • STRUCTURE OF THE MIND
  • STRUCTURALISM
15
Q

“people have the tendency upon hearing about research findings to think that they KNEW IT ALL ALONG”

A
  • HINDSIGHT BIAS
16
Q

“this type of research has CLEAR, PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS.”

A
  • APPLIED RESEARCH
17
Q

“this type of research explores questions that are OF INTEREST to PSYCHOLOGISTS but are not intended to have IMMEDIATE, REAL-WORLD APPLICATIONS.

A
  • BASIC RESEARCH
18
Q

BASIC RESEARCH e.g.

A
  • HOW PPL IN DIFFERENT CULTURES DEFINE INTELLIGENCE
19
Q

APPLIED RESEARCH e.g.

A
  • RESEARCH HOW TO MAKE PPL LOSE WEIGHT
20
Q

According to EXPERIMENTAL HYPOTHESIS, the .. .. depends on the .. ..

A
  • DEPENDENT VARIABLE

- INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

21
Q

CARL JUNG was a SWISS PSYCHIATRIST and PSYCHOTHERAPIST who founded .. .. JUNG proposed and developed the concepts of .. and ..; archetypes, and the .. ..

A
  • ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY
  • EXTROVERSION AND INTROVERSION
  • COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS
22
Q

CARL ROGERS an influential AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST and among the FOUNDERS of the .. .. to ..

A
  • HUMANIST APPROACH

- PSYCHOLOGY

23
Q

“In other words, if 500 of the 1000 students are Caucasian, 300 are African American, and 200 are Latino, in a sample of 100 students, I would want 50 Caucasians, 30 African Americans, and 20 Latinos.”

A
  • STRATIFIED SAMPLING
24
Q

Psychologists preferred method of research is .. because only through a CAREFULLY CONTROLLED ‘’ can the .. .. be shown.

A
  • EXPERIMENT

- CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP

25
Q

“Perhaps violent people like violent television and would therefore select the experimental group.”

A
  • PARTICIPANT-RELEVANT CONFOUNDING VARIABLES
26
Q

“If the experimental group watches television in a large lecture hall while the control group watches others programs in a small classroom, their situations may not be equivalent.”

A
  • SITUATION-RELEVANT CONFOUNDING VARIABLE
27
Q

The HAWTHORNE EFFECT is a form of .. whereby subjects .. or .. an aspect of their .., which is being EXPERIMENTALLY MEASURED, in response to the fact that they know that they are being ..

A
  • REACTIVITY
  • IMPROVE OR MODIFY
  • BEHAVIOR
  • STUDIED
28
Q

“For instance, if I wanted to see how frustration affected performance on an IQ test, I could use the same subjects for control (no annoying thing) and experimental”

A
  • COUNTERBALANCING