113 - Arterial & Venous Thrombosis

Question 1

What are the 3 most common factors leading o hemostasis and thrombosis?

Answer 1

1. Vessel wall
2. Coagulation factors
3. Platelets

Question 2

Venous thrombosis has more to do with primary disorder of ___/____ leading to a state of ____. Or secondary disturbance related to ___ abnormalities, blood flow, ___

Answer 2

Coagulation factors
Fibrinolysis
Hypercoagulability
Blood vessel
stasis

Question 3

Arterial thrombosis has a more direct link to ___ damage, ____, and ___ function

Answer 3

blood vessel
blood flow
platelets

Question 4

Thrombus formation:___ adherence to the blood vessel -> further __ recruitment - >___ activation

Answer 4

Platelets
platelets
thrombin

Question 5

Platelets have a life span of ___ days. They originate from ___. Their main regulator is ____. The two granulates they have are: ___ and ___

Answer 5

7-10
Megakaryocyte
TPO
alpha
dense

Question 6

Platelet adhesion starts with sticking to a damage blood vessel which reveal: (3) ->platelets reveal ___-> ___ complex attach to __ causing platelets to adhere

Answer 6

collagen
vWF
fibronectin
glycoprotein
GPIb
vWF

Question 7

Platelets receptors stimulation leads to an internal ___ process that activates more platelets and cause further granules to release.

Answer 7

signaling

Question 8

The inflammatory state has a significant role in the acute ___ phase of ___.

Answer 8

thrombotic

ACS

Question 9

In ___, patients have a higher risk for ___ or ___

Answer 9

URTI
MI
stroke

Question 10

CD40 ligand is an ____ linked to ___-___

Answer 10

immunomodulator
inflammation
thrombosis

Question 11

Risk factors for arterial thrombosis include: (4)

Answer 11

1. CV risk factors (HTN/LDL/smoking)
2. diabetes/age
3. Obstetric (pregnancy/IUD, hormonal therapy)
4. rheumatic (SLE/RA/APLA)

Question 12

Clopidogrel is a ____ receptor inhibitor. It comes as a pre drug which gets metabolized by ___ and then gets activated

Answer 12

P2Y12

P450

Question 13

The main forms of venous thrombosis are: ___, and ___ which together are called ___

Answer 13

PE
DVT
VTE

Question 14

DVT has a __% chance for mortality within the first __ days.

Answer 14

30

28

Question 15

PE has a __% chance for mortality within the first __ days. PE due to cancer raises the mortality rate to ___%

Answer 15

15%
28
25%

Question 16

Blood vessel injury-> exposure of ___-> TF binds to factor __ and activates it - >factor __ turns into its active form ___

Answer 16

tissue factor
VII
X
Xa

Question 17

In the alternative pathway, the complex ___ turn factor __ to IXa and together with factor __ activate factor X.
Factor Xa and co-factor __ turn prothrombin into thrombin-> thrombin turns fibrinogen into ___, leading to clot formation

Answer 17

TF-VII
IX
VIII
V
fibrin

Question 18

Thrombin activates factor ___, turning it into ___- transglutaminase binds and stabilize the ___

Answer 18

XIII
XIIIa
clot

Question 19

There are a number of antithrombotic factors such as: (4)

Answer 19

Antithrombin
tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)
heparin co-factor I
protein S/C

Question 20

Protein C breaks down factor ___

Answer 20

V

Question 21

Venous thrombosis predicting risk factors include: (4)

Answer 21

Age
Obesity
Malignancy
Acute limb paralysis

Question 22

Major risk factors include different surgeries such as: ___, ___, ___

Answer 22

Orthopedic
Abdominal
Neurological

Question 23

Medium risk factors include stasis (___, ___), hormonal (___, ___, ___), and malignancy.

Answer 23

prolonged lying down
long flights
HRT
pregnancy
contraception

Question 24

Heterozygote ___ deficiency and homozygote ___ significantly increase the risk factor for venous thrombosis.

Answer 24

antithrombin

factor V Leiden

Question 25

Factor V Leiden is a mutation on chromosome __. The mutation makes factor ___ protected from being broken down by APC (___)

Answer 25

1
V
activated protein C

Question 26

Venous thrombosis has more to do with ___ or ___ followed by exposure to ___ and turning fibrinogen into fibrin, while arterial thrombosis is more related to ____ adhesion to ___ blood vessel due to exposure to __

Answer 26

stasis
hypercoagulability
TF
platelets
damaged 
ECM