48 - Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities

Question 1

Azotemia= __

Answer 1

elevated levels of serum nitrogen (Cr or urea)

Question 2

Plasma Cr is __ to GFR

Answer 2

inverted

Question 3

Urine Cr is __ with GFR

Answer 3

correlated

Question 4

Cr clearance is calculated by the amount of __ Cr/__Cr in __h urine collection.

Answer 4

urine/blood ml/min

24

Question 5

CKD will usually present with __, hypo_, and hyper_.

Answer 5

anemia
hypocalcemia
hyperphosphatemia

Question 6

Pre renal azotemia is usually caused by decreased renal __.

Answer 6

perfusion

Question 7

The main reasons for decreased renal perfusion are: 4

Answer 7

decreased blood volume
fluid retention
decreased in effective volume (sepsis/cardiogenic shock)
renal vasoconstriction (HF, hepatorenal syndrome, NSAID)

Question 8

Renal hypoperfusion can lead to acute __ necrosis

Answer 8

tubular

Question 9

Pre renal azotemia is defined by __ urine and reabsorption of __ (__<1%), and high __/__.

Answer 9

concentrated
sodium
FeNa
U Cr / P Cr

Question 10

ATN=__

Answer 10

acute tubular necrosis

Question 11

ATN is defined by __ urine. __>1%. In urine analysis: 3

Answer 11

diluted
FeNa
cell debris
muddy brown casts
granular casts

Question 12

90% of intrinsic kidney disease are caused by __ or __ __.

Answer 12

ischemic
toxic
ATN

Question 13

ATN occurs mostly after: 4

Answer 13

large surgery
hypovolemia
sepsis
burn

Question 14

If RBC casts are present in urine analysis - look for __

Answer 14

glomerulonephritis

Question 15

Post renal azotemia is caused by obstruction of the: __/ __/ __. Diagnosis is made using __.

Answer 15

bladder/urethra/both ureters

US

Question 16

FE Na = _____ / ______

Answer 16

U Na X P Cr X 100 / P Na X U Cr

Question 17

Oliguria= ___

Answer 17

urine < 400 ml/day

Question 18

Anuria= ___

Answer 18

urine < 100 ml/day

Question 19

Polyuria= __

Answer 19

urine > 3000 ml/day