154 - Legionella Infections Flashcards
What are the two disease caused by Legionella?
Pontiac fever
Legionnaires disease
Legionella is a G(_), growing on a __ bed in the lab
+
BCYE
Legionella is found in __ and transmitted via: 3
water
aerosol
aspiration
directly to the lungs
What are the risk factors to contract legionella? 4
smoking chronic lung disease old age recent transplantation immunosuppression (steroids)
Pontiac fever is an acute __ like disease, __ limited, with incubation period of - hours
flu
self
24-48
Pontiac fever symptoms include: 5
lethargy/malaise/myalgia fever headache nausea/vomiting abdominal pain/diarrhea
Legionnaires disease is an __ pneumonia
atypical
Legionnaires disease incubation lasts for - days, and includes __ (20%> __ degrees)
2-10
fever
40
Clinical symptoms of legionnaires disease are similar to pneumonia and include: 5
fever cough (with blood sometimes) GI symptoms (diarrhea) mental status changes bradycardia
Legionnaires disease outside the lungs is due to ___ spread. May cause: 6
bacteremia sinusitis peritonitis pyelonephritis soft tissue/skin infections septic arthritis pancreatitis
__ imaging will show nonspecific __, sometimes together with __. If the fever lingers- perform __ (more sensitive)
CXr
infiltrations
lung fluid
CT
The gold standard in diagnosing legionella is with __.
cultures
A cheep and simple way to diagnose legionella CAP is with __. It will reflect the presence of an antigen from the moment clinical symptoms started and up to __ months after.
urine antigen
10
A good indicator for the severity of the disease is __. Used mostly in __ patients.
procalcitonin
ICU
What are the two first line ABx for legionella? Transplant patients will benefit more from the latter.
macrolides (azithromycin)
quinolones (levofloxacin/ ciprofloxacin)
