290 - Disorders of Ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal PaCO2 in arterial blood?

A

37-43

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2
Q

Disease affecting CO2 production are usually __ (__/__/__)

A

acute
sepsis
burn
fever

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3
Q

Chronic ventilation disorders usually relate to __ __ changes or increased __.

A

minute ventilation

dead space

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4
Q

What are the main categories of hypoventilation disease?

A

pulmonary/chest wall parenchyma disease
poor disorders
neuromuscular disorders
respiratory drive disorders

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5
Q

The clinical course of patients with chronic hypoventilation is characterized by:

A

1- asymptomatic stage during the day
2- sleep hypoventilation
3- hypercapnia during the day

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6
Q

The lab will show in increase of plasma __, without decreased __ volume- meaning there is __.

A

HCO3
plasma
hypoventilation

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7
Q

ABG will show increased __ with normal __- suggesting chronic ___ hypoventilation.

A

PaCO2
pH
alveolar

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8
Q

minute ventilation=___

A

the amount of air breathed per minute

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9
Q

__ examination, imaging (__/__), and ___ are usually sufficient in diagnosing the different disorders leading to hypercapnia.

A

physical
CT/CXr
pulmonary function tests

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10
Q

If the examinations did not find a specific etiology, suspect- __.

A

OHS

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11
Q

OHS-__

A

obesity hypoventilation syndrome

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12
Q

OHS usually comes together with __.

A

OSA

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13
Q

Which criteria are used to diagnose OSA? 3

A

STOP BANG
ESS
Berlin

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14
Q

What is the next thing to suspect if OHS is overruled? 2

A
neuromuscular disorder
central disorder (respiratory drive)
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15
Q

NIPPV is a non __ ventilation with __ pressure for patients with chest wall or neuromuscular respiratory disorders.

A

invasive

positive

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16
Q

Consider NIPPV in ALS patients if hypoventilation with one of the following: 5

A
PaCO2>= 45 mmHg
sleep oximetry during sleep < 88% for >5 minutes
maximal inspiratory pressure < 60 cmH2O
FVC < 50% of expected
sniff nasal pressure < 40 cmH2O
17
Q

Phrenic nerve or diaphragm __ is a potential therapy for patients with hypoventilation from high __ lesions or respiratory drive disorders.

A

pacing

cervical spinal cord

18
Q

OHS diagnosis requires: 2

A

BMI >= 30kg/m2

PaCO2>=45mmHg (chronic alveolar hypoventilation)

19
Q

OHS treatment involves: 2

A

weight loss

sleep NIPPV

20
Q

OHS patients can use __ if CPAP is not well tolerated.

A

BiPAP

21
Q

Patients with OHS and without OSA can start with __ directly. True also for patients with __ OHS deterioration.

A

BiPAP

acute

22
Q

Central hypoventilation syndrome are unresponsive to __ or __. They suffer from increased __ while awake, and even worse while __.

A

hypoxia
hypercapnia
PaCO2
sleeping

23
Q

Central hypoventilation syndrome treatment involves: 3

A

NIPPV
mechanical ventilation
phrenic nerve/diaphragm pacing