145 - Diphtheria and Other Corynebacterial Infections

Question 1

Diphtheria Corynebacterial is a G(_) bacteria causing __ and __ infections. Transmission is in __. Incubation lasts - days.

Answer 1

\+
skin
nasopharynx 
aerosol
2-5

Question 2

Diphtheria risk factors include: 5

Answer 2

old age
no vaccine 
alcoholism
low socioeconomic
crowded conditions

Question 3

Respiratory diphtheria is caused by strains with __ gene which is the main __ factor.

Answer 3

TOX

virulent

Question 4

Patients usually complain on __, pharyngeal/tonsillar __, and __.

Answer 4

sore throat
pseudomembrane
low grade fever

Question 5

The pseudo membrane has - color with _ borders.

Answer 5

grey-white

sharp

Question 6

The __ toxin may cause __ disease with the following symptoms:

Answer 6

diphtheria
systemic
weakness (neurotoxic)
cardiac arrhythmia due to myocarditis
dysphonia

Question 7

Bull-neck=__

Answer 7

tonsillar hypertrophy due to submandibular edema

Question 8

Consider diphtheria when the patient suffers from severe __ with __, __, or systemic disease (__/__). Another thing to look for is pharyngeal __ or extensive __.

Answer 8

pharyngitis
dysphagia
respiratory distress
myocarditis/malaise
pseudomembrane
exudate

Question 9

Cutaneous diphtheria is usually due to __,__ or __. Typically __ lesions with __. __ should be obtained from the wound itself.

Answer 9

skin wounds/trauma
allergies
autoimmune disorders
pouched out ulcerative  
necrosis
biopsy

Question 10

Treating diphtheria requires a combination of __ and __

Answer 10

anti-toxin

Abx

Question 11

Diphtheria antitoxin should be given __. It reduces the extant of local disease and reduce complications such as: __, __, __. It cannot break an existing connection.

Answer 11

immediately
myocarditis
coma
death

Question 12

The main goal of Abx in diphtheria infection is to prevent further __, and __ production

Answer 12

transmission

toxin

Question 13

The recommended Abx for diphtheria are __/__. If the patient is sensitive, give __/__

Answer 13

penicillin/erythromycin

rifampin/clindamycin

Question 14

What is the leading prevention tool for diphtheria?

Answer 14

diphtheria toxoid vaccine + tetanus (DTaP)

Question 15

When DTaP is recommended for children > _

Answer 15

6

Question 16

Tdap is recommended for: 5

Answer 16

adolescence
health-care workers 
pregnant women
adults in contact with newborn
non vaccinated adults

Question 17

Prophylaxis is recommended for people in __ with diagnosed patients. Treat with __/__ even if cultures are negative.

Answer 17

proximity

erythromycin/penicillin

Question 18

Corynebacterial ulcerans is a diphtheria like disease, producing __ and __ toxins. Found in horses, cattle, pigs, and dogs.

Answer 18

diphtheria

dermonecrotic

Question 19

Corynebacterial ulcerans may cause exudative __, usually during summer in rural areas with livestock exposure. Treat with __ (__+__) and __

Answer 19

pharyngitis
Abx
erythromycin + macrolides
antitoxin