3rd Quarter Pathology Test 1 Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
Study of disease
A
Pathology
2
Q
any abnormal condition which impairs the normal functioning of the body. Local disease and genetic diseases can occur.
A
Disease
3
Q
was the leading cause of death in the early 1900’s
A
TB
4
Q
the leading cause of death TODAY
A
CVD- Cardiovascular Disease
5
Q
Another name for CAUSE
A
Etiology
6
Q
The cause of disease is divided into what 2 categories?
A
Immediate (exciting) &Predisposing
7
Q
The beginning of disease. The manner in which a particular disease develops.
A
Pathogenesis
8
Q
3 parts of disease that we study
A
- Cause (Etiology) 2. Pathogenesis 3. Changes and final effects brought about in the body.
9
Q
Study of general disease processes, such as inflammation, degeneration, necrosis (localized area of dead tissue in a living body), repair (i.e.: scar tissue), etc.
A
General Pathology
10
Q
The body’s total response to any injury
A
inflammation
11
Q
Study of disease in relation to a particular organ or the organs system. Ie., disease of the digestive track.
A
Special Pathology
12
Q
5 Divisions of Pathology
A
- Pathological Anatomy (Morbid Anatomy) 2. Surgical Pathology3. Clinical Pathology 4. Medico - Legal Pathology (forensic pathology) 5. Physiological Pathology
13
Q
The study of the structure of the human body as affected by disease.
A
Pathological Anatomy (Morbid Anatomy)
14
Q
localized area of dead tissue in a living body
A
necrosis
15
Q
Study of disease by means of biopsies.
A
Surgical Pathology
16
Q
The study of disease by means of:body secretions (useful substances produced within the body), body excretions (waste substances rid from the body), & other body fluids.
A
Clinical Pathology
17
Q
Legal Pathology (forensic pathology) the study of disease, death, and injuries with medical/legal potential.
A
Medico
18
Q
2 methods to study Pathological Anatomy (Morbid Anatomy)
A
1.) Gross Inspection 2.) Histopathology
19
Q
See changes of the structure of the body with the unaided eye.
A
Gross inspection
20
Q
A study of the structure of the cell as affected by disease, by means of microscope. Disease at cellular levels.
A
Histopathology
21
Q
The study of the functions of the body as affected by disease.
A
Physiological Pathology
22
Q
A study of disease by samples of tissue removed surgically from a living person.
A
Biopsy
23
Q
useful substances produced within the body
A
body secretions
24
Q
waste products that are rid from the body
A
body excretions
25
The study of deaths and injuries of medical and legal significance
Medico-Legal Pathology
26
The study of the function of the human body as affected by disease.
Physiological Pathology
27
Medico-Legal Pathology is also known as...
Forensic Pathology
28
Importance of autopsy
1. Confirm medical diagnosis2. Amplify or reject the clinical diagnosis3. Advancement of medical knowledge 4. Medico-legal cases5. Medical statistics
29
Autopsy is also known as...
necropsy or postmortem exam
30
Differences between Coroner vs. Medical Examiner
1. Determination of jurisdiction (county where death occurred)2. Qualifications 3. Inquest
31
a formal legal proceeding into the events and circumstances surrounding a particular death.
Inquest
32
Coroner is a carry over from the.....
English common law system
33
Inquest are needed in cases of....
unknown deaths ordeaths caused by violence
34
Elected county officer who investigates and holds inquests over unknown deaths or deaths caused by violence.
J.P./Coroner
35
Appointed...must have gone to school (MD) works with the police officers; works under coroner.
Medical examiner
36
Texas does NOT use the term__________________, but has _______________ in those counties not large enough to have a ME's office.
Coroner Justice of the Peace (J.P.)
37
Difference with ordinary clinical autopsy (relation to clinical findings and diagnosis) vs. forensic autopsy. Forensic Autopsy will provide...
A. Absolute identification of the body.B. A description of the body and scene.C. A description of the clothingD. An unrestricted autopsy (prevention of future legal actions) a complete autopsy.
38
Types of Unrestricted autopsy
Biochemical Microbiological scans Radiological scans
39
toxicological
Biochemical
40
Primary need of a forensic autopsy is to determine...
cause of death
41
A minimum of ___________ must be listed on a death certificate.
One cause of death
42
Three types or parts of death
ImmediateBasicContributory
43
the thing responsible for death at the time of the terminal event (peritonitis)
Immediate cause of death
44
the thing prior to and leading up to the terminal event (stab wounds)
basic cause of death
45
the thing involved in but not causing the terminal event (leukemia) persons with leukemia have less blood clotting ability.
contributory cause of death
46
GOK means
God only knows
47
Failure to thrive means
infant not sucking on breast
48
DIS
dead in the saddle
49
the circumstances surrounding a particular death
manner of death
50
Types of Mannerrs of death
1. Natural 2. Homicide3. Suicide4. Accident5. Unexplained (SIDS)6. Undetermined (decomposed)
51
An explanation of the sequence of events leading up to the death.
mechanism of death
52
recover and preserve this_____________
Evidence
53
any abnormal condition which impairs the normal functioning of the body. It can affect the entire body or only one part of the body.
Definition of disease
54
presence of microorganisms in or on the body.
Microbiological scans
55
x-rays
Radiological scans
56
The doctrine of cellular pathology was written by who? He is considered the father of pathology.
Virchow
57
What does the doctrine of cellular pathology state?
“Just like the cell is the structural and functional unit of life. The cell is also the structural and functional unit of disease.”
58
any disease of impaired function without change in structure. i.e. mental illness, color blindness.
Functional disease
59
any disease in which definite structural changes accompany it.
Organic disease
60
Any structural or functional change due to disease.
Lesion
61
The identification of a specific disease.
Diagnosis
62
Any disease in which the fever accompanying it is either excessively high and or lasts a prolonged period of time. Ex: Rickettsia infections- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - 107 15 - 20 days (2-3 weeks).
Febrile disease
63
Disease state which occur at the same time or concurrently with another disease. Often times they are infectious in nature.
Complications
64
Alcohol, steroids, poisoning, the exposure of the body to poisonous substances.
Intoxications
65
Disease states which occur on second or subsequent exposure to the same allergen.
Allergies
66
A forecast of the outcome of a particular disease.
Prognosis
67
Subjective manifestation of a disease. They accompany the disease but are not measurable. Pain, headache.
Symptoms
68
Objective manifestation of a disease. These are measurable. Vital signs, blood pressure, breathing.
Signs
69
Any disease caused by a microorganism.
Infectious disease
70
Any disease that occurs every now and then.
Sporadic disease
71
Any disease that turns into a worldwide epidemic, flu.
Pandemic disease
72
A disease that attacks a large number of people in a short period of time, i.e. chicken pox.
Epidemic
73
Any disease that is continuously present i.e. common cold.
Endemic disease
74
A set of both signs and symptoms accompanying a disease, i.e. Down’s syndrome (mongolism) SIDS.
Syndrome
75
A sudden increase in the severity of a disease. “The patient has made a turn for the worse.” Conditions of patients are rated; good, fair, critical, grave condition. If a patient goes from fair to critical condition
Exacerbation
76
Temporary absence of a particular disease. ie: Cancer
Remission (abatement)
77
Any disease transmitted genetically - through the genes, i.e. hemophilia, dwarfism.
Hereditary disease
78
Any disease caused by dietary or metabolic deficiency, i.e. diabetes mellitus scurvy (lack of vitamin C) Goiter (lack of iodine).
Deficiency disease
79
Any disease with slow on set and long duration. ex: Carcinoma (cancer). Gout
Chronic
80
Any disease present at birth. Does not have to be life threatening, i.e. cleft palate, polydactylism (more digits on hand or feet than normal).
Congenital disease
81
Any disease obtained after birth.
Acquired disease
82
Any disease that reappears now and then, fever blisters, cold sores.
Recurrent disease
83
Any disease of unknown origin or cause. Essential hypertension.
Idiopathic disease
84
Any disease in which a person’s occupation or profession makes them more susceptible to develop a particular disease. Hepatitis B, scrotal cancer, (chimney sweeps) anthrocosis (black lung disease) silicosis (sandblasting).
Occupational disease
85
Any disease of sudden onset and short duration. ex: MI
Acute
86
the study of the causes of disease
Etiology
87
The divisions of the causes of disease
predisposing conditions exciting (immediate causes)
88
conditions that make a person more susceptible or inclined to develop a particular disease.ex: Age (MS/Meningitis-children's disease) (Alzheimer's disease-elderly) (Sarcoma vs. Carcinoma-most 40-65) Sex (Prostate cancer-male) (Uterine & Ovarian cancer-female) (Gallbladder attack-mostly in women) Nutrition (Kwashiokor - protein deficiency) Race (Sickle cell anemia-Blacks) (TB-less in Eskimos) Occupation (Hepatitis B-Embalmers) (Scrotal cancer- chimney sweeps)
Predisposing conditions
89
Any cause of disease that has established a cause/effect relationship
Exciting (immediate) causes
90
coal miners disease...black lung diseaseIt is a type of occupational disease
Anthrocosis
91
Hepatitis B is what type of disease?
Occupational
92
Scrotal cancer is commonly a Recurrent Disease...TRUE OR FALSE?
FALSE...it is commonly an occupational disease
93
any condition or disease induced/caused by treatment of a physician or medical personnel ex: leaving a pair of forceps in the body after surgery
Iatrogenic
94
number of cases reported of a specific illness or disease in a given population.
Morbidity Rate
95
MMWR stands for.....It is one of the most common reports that the morbidity rate of illnesses or diseases are posted in.
mortality and morbidity weekly report
96
Number of deaths reported in a given population for a specific period of time.
Mortality Rate (Death Rate)
97
Carcinoma is an example of what type of disease?
Chronic
98
diabetes mellitus(lack of insulin) & scurvy (lack of vitamin C) is an example of what type of disease?
deficiency disease
99
A common cold is a ______________ disease.
endemic
100
dwarfism is what type of disease?
hereditary
101
essential hypertension is what type of disease?
idiopathic
102
polydactylism (more digits on hand or feet than normal) is a ______________ disease.
congenital
103
A hereditary disease that is also known as the bleeder’s disease. It is mostly present in male offspring; is the absence of an essential clotting factor- Factor 8)
hemophilia
104
The flu can be which two types of diseases?
Endemic & epidemic
105
Allergies are also known as...
Hypersensitivities
106
A death resulting from immediate severe allergic reaction.
Anaphylaxis
107
Anaphylaxis is also known as...
anaphylactic shock
108
also known as frequency. Number of incidents...how frequently an incident occurs.
Prevalence- Most commonly used as “how prevalent”
109
Factors in predisposing conditions
Age Sex Nutrition Race Occupation
110
any type of wound or injury
trauma
111
disease due to dietary or metabolism in the systemex: albinisim
deficiencies
112
not seen on first exposure. Seen on second or third exposure
allergens
113
other factors of predisposing conditions
fatigue, general living conditions, plague, alcoholism, heredity, emotion, etc.
114
mongolism (down's syndrome), hemophilia, diabetes, dwarfism are examples of...
heredity
115
foreign protein that triggers production of an incomplete antibody
allergen
116
extremes of temperature-cold or heat. Radiation is also an example of this...
physical agents
117
parasites, microorganisms are examples of...
infectious agents
118
chemicals that are either immediately or eventually toxic or poisonous to the body.chemical reactions-has a cause and effect. Chemicals which induce a change in the human body.
chemical agents
119
types of death with medico-legal potential
1. injury or death by violence2. sudden and/or unexpected death3. environmental deaths4. health, welfare, & safety5. medical litigation
120
albinism is an example of what disease?
deficiencies disease
121
complete absence of production of melanin
albinism
