Anatomy 1: The Final Material Flashcards
(106 cards)
0
Q
- PROTECTION (rib cage, cranium, vertebrae)
- STORAGE AREA (99% of CA is stored in the bones)
- MOVEMENT (by means of tendons)
- SUPPORT ( framework were the soft tissues & bones attach themselves)
- HEMOPOESIS ( the formation of all cells in the blood)
A
Functions of the skeletal system
1
Q
Osteology
A
The study of bones
2
Q
Hemopoesis
A
The formation of all cells in the blood
3
Q
Shape
Individual names
A
Bones are classified by…
4
Q
206 in total, with the exception of 2:
A
How many bones make up the skeletal system?
5
Q
Sutural (WORMIAN) bones
And
Sesamoid bones
A
Two bones not included in the 206 bones of the body
6
Q
Sutural bones
A
“WORMIAN”
Are small irregular shaped bones that sometimes form along the line of fusion of the cranial bones
7
Q
Sesamoid Bones
A
Any bone embedded in the tendon of a muscle
8
Q
- Axial Skeleton
2. Appendicular Skeleton
A
Divisions of the skeleton
9
Q
Axial Skeleton
A
Consists of 80 bones out of the 206 that make up the skeletal system
10
Q
Skull
A
Consists of 28 bones of the 80 bones found in the axial skeleton
Houses the organs of sight and the brain
Part of the axial skeleton
11
Q
Cranium
A
Consist of 8 distinct bones, that fuses together to protect the brain
Part of the skull
12
Q
Face
A
Consists of 14 classified bones of the 80 bones of the AXIAL SKELETON
In the skull
13
Q
Auditory Ossicles
A
“Ear Bones”
6 bones in total
14
Q
Hyoid
A
Horseshoe shaped single bone located between the middle of the lower jaw and the voice box
15
Q
Vertebrae
A
26 bones that make up the adult spinal column.
Houses the spinal cord
16
Q
Sternum
A
“Breast Bone”
1 bone in total
17
Q
Ribs
A
Consists of 24 individual bones
Or
12 pairs
18
Q
Appendicular Skeleton
A
Consists of 126 of the 206 Bones that make up the skeletal system
19
Q
Upper extremities & Pectoral Joint
appendages & shoulder joints
A
Consists of 64 bones
20
Q
Lower extremities & Pelvic Girdle
appendages & hip joints
A
Consists of 62 bones
21
Q
Frontal Bone
A
“Fore head bone”
1 bone
22
Q
Supraorbital Margin
A
“Orbital Cavity”
Superior boundary of the eye sockets
23
Q
Superciliary Arches
A
Prominent ridge off the frontal bone, located posterior to the eye brows or “supercillia”
24
Glabella
Slight elevation located at the medial ends of the superciliary arches.
Middle of the eye brows
25
Frontal eminences
Two rounded protuberances which give roundness and fullness to the forehead
26
Frontal air sinuses
Air spaces of the forehead
27
Parietal Bones
Forms the roof and sides of the cranial vault
28
Occipital Bone
Bone in which the brain stem passes
Base of the cranial vault
29
Foramen Magnum
Large opening on the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes
30
Occipital Condyles
Two prominences off the occipital bone on both sides of the foramen magnum.
Only part of the skull that has direct contact with the spinal column.
Articulates with the 1st cervicle vertebrae
31
External Occipital Protuberance
"inion"
Single boney prominence on the base of the skull
Serves as a point of muscle attachment
32
Temporal Bones
Thickest bone in the left & right temple regions
Helps to form the sides if the cranial vault
33
Squamous Portion
"Squama"
Thin shell shaped upper portion of the temporal bone
34
Petrous Portion
Part of each temporal bone that projects into the cranial cavity
35
3 Auditory Ossicles
Malleus "HAMMER"
Incus "ANVIL"
Stapes "STIRRUP"
36
Carotid Canal
Passageways through each temporal bone through which the internal carotid arteries pass
37
Mastoid Portion - Air Cells
Massive part of the temporal bone located directly behind the ear
38
Mandibular Fossa
Two shallow depressions off the temporal bone through which the mandible or lower jaw articulates
39
External Auditory Meatus
Passageway through the temporal bone through which sound waves initially pass
40
Zygomatic Process
Is the boney projection off each temporal bone which goes anteriorly or to the front.
Forms the widest part of the face
41
Sphenoid Bone
Bat shaped bone inside the skull
Helps to form the middle cranial fossa
42
Stella Turcica
"Turkish Saddle"
Shallow depression in the sphenoid bone
Houses and protects the pituitary gland
43
Sphenoid Air Sinuses
Air sinuses in the sphenoid bone
44
Ethmoid Bone
Made up of 8 bones
Thin line inside the nose
Single thin and delicate bone of the cranium
Helps to form the boney structure of the nasal septum
45
Cribriform Plate
The most superior horizontal portion of the ethmoid bone
Separates the 2 nasal cavities from the cranial cavity
46
Crista Galli
Short vertical portion of the ethmoid bone that projects into the cranial cavity
47
Perpendicular Plate
Long vertical portion located beneath the cribriform plate
48
Ethmoid Air Sinuses
Air sinuses located in the ethmoid bone
49
Nasal Bones
Two small rectangular bone of the face that forms the bridge of the nose
50
Lacrimal Bones
"Eye Sockets"
Paired fingernail shaped bones of the face which forms the medial boundaries of the orbital cavities
51
Vomer Bone
Single or unpaired bone of the face
Helps to form the the boney structure of the nasal septum
52
Palatine Bones
2 "L" shaped bones of the face that helps to from the posterior portion of the hard palate
53
Maxillary Process
The horizontal portion of each palatine bone which forms the posterior portion of the hard palate
54
Zygomatic Bones
"Malar" of "Cheek Bones"
Makes up the lateral boundaries of the eye sockets
55
Temporal processes
Boney projections of each zygomatic bone which runs posteriorly.
Unites with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone.
Forms the zygomatic arch "the widest part of the face"
56
Inferior nasal conchae
Most inferior part of the 3 pairs of conchaes
57
Maxillae
"upper jaw"
2 bones that form the upper jaw
58
Maxillary Air Sinuses
"Antrum of Highmore"
Air spaces in the upper jaw
59
Alveolar Process
"Tooth sockets"
The spaces where the teeth are housed
60
Palatine process
The horizontal part of the maxillae that forms the hard portion of the hard palate
61
Mandible
"lower jaw"
Second example of of the impaired bone of the face
Only movable bone of the face
62
Ramus
"camel shaped"
The vertical portion on both sides of the lower jaw
63
Angle
Point at which each ramus unites with the body
64
Mandible Body
The flat part of the lower jaw portion
The largest portion of the lower jaw
65
Mental Protuberance
"chin"
Slight elevation on the front of the mandible
66
Sternum
"breast bone"
Single bone of the rib cage
Serves as the anterior point of attachment for the first 10 pair of ribs
67
Manubrium
Most superior segment of the breast bone
Characterized by 3 notches
68
Sternum Body
Largest part of the sternum
69
Zyphoid Process
"hangy down part"
Most inferior segment of the breast bone
70
How many ribs are there?
12 pair
Or
24 individual
71
True ribs
First 7 pairs of ribs directly attached to the costal cartilage and breast bone
72
False ribs
Rib pairs 8-12 the costal cartilage IF PRESENT does not directly attach to the breast bone
73
Floating ribs
Rib pairs 11-12 are the only ribs that do not have costal cartilage
74
Clavicle
"collar bones"
2 medial ends attaches to the breast bone
The lateral ends attaches to the scapula
75
Scapula
"shoulder bones"
Triangular shaped bone
76
Humerus
"arm bone"
Only bone located between the shoulder and elbow bones
77
Ulna
"forearm bone"
Largest and most medial bone of the forearm
78
Olecranon process
Ole C. Ranon
"elbow"
Is the boney projection located off the proximal end of the ulna
79
Radius
"forearm bone"
The most lateral bone and the smaller bone of the forearm
80
Carpal bones
Bones making up the wrist
8 in each wrist, 16 in total
81
Metacarpal bones
Bones located beyond the wrist bones
Makes up the palms of the hand
5 in each hand, 10 in total
82
Phalanges
"fingers & toes"
14 in each finger and toes, 28 in total
83
Os coxae
"hip bone"
3 separate bones
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis (pubic bone)
84
Ilium
Largest and most superior segment of the is coxae
The two ^ ^ or the top of the butterfly wings
85
Ischium
Most inferior segment of the os coxae
The two bottom butterfly wings
86
Pubis
"pubic bone"
Most anterior bone in the os coxae
87
Femur
"thigh bone"
The only bone found in the thigh region
Longest bone in the body
88
Patella
"knee cap"
Largest and only classified sesamoid bone of the skeleton
89
Tibia
"shin bone"
Largest and most medial bone in the leg
90
Medial malleolus
Boney prominence off the distal end of the tibia
Inside ankle bone
91
Fibula
Smaller and most lateral bone in the leg region
92
Lateral malleolus
Boney projection off the distal end of the fibula
Outside ankle bone
93
Tarsal Bones
"ankle bone"
7 present in each, 14 total
94
Metatarsal bones
Bones located beyond the ankle bones
Make up the arch of the foot
5 in each, 10 total
95
Arthrology
Treatment of joints
96
Synthrosis
Totally immovable parts
97
Cranial sutures
Skull fushions
98
Arising from fontanels
Soft spots
99
Sternocostal joint
Where the first 7 pair of costal cartilage joins the sternum
100
Amphiarthrosis
Slightly moveable joint
101
Pubic symphysis
Band of connective tissues which joins the pubic joints
102
Sacrosanct iliac articulation
Joint between the iliac and sacrum of the hip bone
103
Diarthrosis
Freely movable joints
104
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Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral (sacrum-singular)
Coccygeal (coccyx-singular)
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Types of vertebrae
105
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Cervical - 7 always
Thoracic - 12 always
Lumbar - 5 always
Sacral - 5 then 1
Coccygeal - 4 then 1
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Number of vertebrae
