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Comps Sciences > 3rd Quarter Pathology Test 2 > Flashcards

3rd Quarter Pathology Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

types of cellular reactions (manners by which a body would respond to injury)

A

regressive tissue changesprogressive tissue changes

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2
Q

an increase in size is what type of cellular reaction?

A

progressive tissue changes

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3
Q

a decrease in size is what type of cellular reaction?

A

regressive tissue changes

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4
Q

Types of regressive tissue changes

A

degeneration infiltrationnecrosisatrophy

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5
Q

type of regressive tissue change in which there is an accumulation or buildup of a substance INTRACELLULARLY (within) the protoplasm of cells.

A

degeneration

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6
Q

degeneration is….

A

intracellular

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7
Q

we diffrentiate types of degeneration according to the type of _________ that is _______

A

substanceaccumulated

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8
Q

most common type of degeneration.similar to edema. this fluid is between cells. Intracellular, cloudy swelling, There is a temporary accumulation or buildup of fluid within the protoplasm of cells.

A

cellular (cloudy) swelling

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9
Q

fatty change-fatty metamorphosis-abnormal accumulation of fat within the protoplasm of normal cells.

A

fatty degeneration

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10
Q

fat in liver cells affects the _______. This would be called __________

A

liverliver dysfunction (fatty liver degeneration)

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11
Q

intracellular accumulation or buildup of amyloid within the normal protoplasm of cells.Commonly seen in TB - Typically, in adults, it begins in the lungs. Osteomyelitis - inflammation of the spongey bone marrow inside bones. Infectious disease.

A

Amyloid disease

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12
Q

a waxy starch like substance

A

amyloid

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13
Q

These two disease are commonly seen in relation to amyloid disease…

A

TBOsteomyelitis

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14
Q

type of regressive tissue change in which there is an accumulation or buildup of a substance intercellularly (between the cells)

A

Infiltration

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15
Q

means within the cells

A

intracellular

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16
Q

means between the cells

A

intercellular

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17
Q

inflammation of the spongey bone marrow inside bones. Infectious disease.

A

Osteomyelitis

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18
Q

accumulation or buildup of a pigmented or colored substance

A

pigmentation

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19
Q

types of infiltration

A

pigmentationcalcification gout

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20
Q

accumulation of a pigmented or colored substance which originated outside the body

A

exogenous pigmentation

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21
Q

tattoos, plumbism, (color change along gum line from high elements of lead) anthracosis (cole miner’s disease-black lung), bismuth poisoning (caused from high dosages over time of bismuth-pepto) are examples of…

A

exogenous pigmentation

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22
Q

a disease that causes a color change along the gum line…from high elements of lead is called

A

plumbism

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23
Q

cole miner’s disease also called black lung disease is…

A

anthracosis

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24
Q

abnormal accumulation of pigmented or colored substance that is naturally present or produced within the body

A

endogenous pigmentation

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25
Q

jaundice, freckles, moles, albinism, birthmarks

A

endogenous pigmentation

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26
Q

types of pigmentation

A

exogenousendogenous

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27
Q

increased localized amounts of melanin. Usually a lighter shade of brown.

A

freckles

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28
Q

benign pigmented tumors usually a darker shade of brown.

A

moles

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29
Q

complete absence of melanin production

A

albinism

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30
Q

these are usually shades of red (port wine color)type of benign tumor of blood vascular tissue.

A

birthmarks

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31
Q

accumulation or buildup of calcium salts between the cell fibers, as in sclerotic vessels.This is also the natural way the body heals bone fractures.

A

calcification

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32
Q

calcification is also known as…

A

calcareous infiltration

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33
Q

excess uric acid, especially seen in big toe

A

gout

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34
Q

process by which you have a localized area of necrotic or dead tissue present during life

A

necrosis

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35
Q

causes of necrosis..

A
  1. insufficient blood supply2. physical agent-temperature extremes, radiation3. chemical gents4. loss of nerve supply
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36
Q

type of dead tissue which is cheese-like in appearance. Has a unique odor. As seen in TB

A

caseous necrosis

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37
Q

difference between infarction and necrosis…

A

need to look up

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38
Q

types of necrosis

A

caseousgangreneDecubitus ulcer

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39
Q

most famous type of necrosis.

A

gangrene

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40
Q

types of gangrene

A

moistdry gas

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41
Q

true gangrene, since saprophytes are present and invade the tissue. There is a foul odor present since saprophytes are present. This is the worst possible type of gangrene

A

moist

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42
Q

It fits this four word definition…ischemic necrosis (localized area of dead tissue that has been caused by the reduction in arterial blood supply ) plus putrefaction. This is why it is considered true.

A

moist gangrene

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43
Q

Which gangrene is commonly called TRUE GANGRENE?

A

moist gangrene

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44
Q

localized area of dead tissue present in a living body

A

necrosis

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45
Q

reduction in arterial blood supply

A

ischemic

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46
Q

the decomposition of proteins in an anaerobic environment (absence of oxygen)

A

putrefaction

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47
Q

4 word definition for true gangrene?

A

ischemic necrosis plus putrefaction

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48
Q

organisms that obtain their food from dead matter

A

saprophytes

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49
Q

false gangrene; no saprophytes present; no order; nice line of demarcation.

A

dry gangrene

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50
Q

since saprophytes have not invaded dry gangrene it spreads_________

A

slowly

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51
Q

only type that is infectious, caused by clostridium perfringens during life; microorganisms cause tissue gas in death

A

gas gangrene

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52
Q

a bacteria which can cause spores

A

perfringens

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53
Q

which type of gangrene is the ONLY type that is infectious

A

gas gangrene

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54
Q

gas gangrene is caused by which of the following type of microorganisms

A

bacteria (perfringens)

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55
Q

bedsores caused by pressure points which restrict blood flow.

A

decubitus ulcer

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56
Q

dead epithelial tissue

A

ulcer

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57
Q

absence or lack of growthA decrease in size of a body part or organ that previously was of normal size.

A

atrophy

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58
Q

decrease in size of a body part or organ due to decreased functional demand

A

physiological atrophy

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59
Q

types of atrophy

A

physiologicalpathological

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60
Q

types of gangrene

A

moistdry gas

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61
Q

types of degeneration

A

cellularfatty degeneration amyloid disease

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62
Q

forms of physiological atrophy

A

thymus glandsenile atrophybreasts after lactation

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63
Q

located at the base of the neck. Largest and most active during infancy.

A

Thymus gland

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64
Q

the progressive shrinkage of all organs as part of the natural aging process.

A

Senile atrophy

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65
Q

decrease in size due to disease

A

pathological atrophy

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66
Q

examples of pathological atrophyCHECK ACCURACY OF THIS CARD

A

anorexia nervosa cancerdisease of a body part (muscle) which will decrease in size.

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67
Q

body’s total response to any injury.

A

INFLAMMATION

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68
Q

Function of inflammation

A

protection of the body

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69
Q

If possible, inflammation will…

A

a. Destroy the causative agent.b. Limit the area affected.c. Begin the process of repair - the process to replace destroyed cells with new ones (scar tissue), but not the same as the destroyed cells.

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70
Q

Causes of inflammation

A
  1. Physical irritants2. Chemical irritants3. Infectious agents4. Immunological reaction
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71
Q

extremes of temperature - hot or cold.Radiation which is cumulative.

A

Physical irritants

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72
Q

an exposure to chemical.

A

Chemical irritants

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73
Q

any type of microscopic pathogens.

A

Infectious agents

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74
Q

allergic reaction to a immunological shot (autoimmune disease).

A

Immunological reaction

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75
Q

Process of inflammation

A
  1. Hyperemia (congestion) vascular2. Exudation
76
Q

The shipment of access blood to the injured body part or organ.

A

Hyperemia (congestion) vascular

77
Q

the oozing of fluids at the level of the capillaries.

A

Exudation

78
Q

the liquid that is oozed in inflammation

A

Exudate

79
Q

Types of exudates….

A
  1. Purulent (suppurative)2. Hemorrhagic3. Serous
80
Q

exudates which contain pus

A

purulent (suppurative)

81
Q

dead and living white blood cells and dead and living bacteria

A

pus

82
Q

exudate which contains blood

A

hemorrhagic

83
Q

exudate which does not contain pus, it is clear

A

serous

84
Q

cardinal signs and/or symptoms with inflammation should be __________________

A

temporary

85
Q

cardinal signs and/or symptoms of inflammation

A

Heat Redness Swelling PainAltered function

86
Q

concerning inflammation….CALOR (INCREASED TEMPERATURE)

A

HEAT

87
Q

concerning inflammation…RUBOR

A

REDNESS

88
Q

concerning inflammation…TUMOR (SHOULD BE TEMPORARY)

A

SWELLING

89
Q

concerning inflammation…DOLOR

A

PAIN

90
Q

concerning inflammation…FUNCTIO LAESA

A

ALTERED FUNCTION

91
Q

Inflammatory lesions

A

abscessphlegmonvesiclefurunclecarbunclesfistulaulcerpustule

92
Q

localized collection of pus.

A

Abscess

93
Q

cellulitis, a diffuse or wide spread inflammation of subcutaneous connective tissue. Appears as a red streak located and growing just under the surface of the skin.

A

Phlegmon

94
Q

blister, a small or slight elevation on the surface of the skin filled with serous or non-purulent fluid (does not contain pus).

A

Vesicle

95
Q

non-communicating boil, an abscess of a hair follicle or sweat gland.

A

Furuncle

96
Q

several communicating boils where the drainage of the hair follicle or sweat gland are shared.

A

Carbuncles

97
Q

abnormal passageway. Occurs mostly in the lower digestive tract. Can occur between parts of a body or from a body part to the outside.

A

Fistula

98
Q

localized area of necrotic opithel - three common sites

A

Ulcer

99
Q

3 common sites of ulcers

A
  1. Upper GI tract, stomach or duodenum2. Toes on diabetics3. Decubitus ulcer - bedsore
100
Q

Slight elevation of the surface of the skin which contains pus. (Pimple, whitehead, or black head) usually an oil gland.

A

Pustule

101
Q

outcomes of inflammation

A

resolutionregenerationrepair

102
Q

types of regeneration

A

physiological pathological

103
Q

a part of the outcome which signals the end of the exudation stage or inflammation stage.

A

Resolution

104
Q

the replacement of damaged or diseased cells with the exact cells making it up.

A

Regeneration

105
Q

Regeneration due to increased functional demand.

A

Physiological

106
Q

Regeneration due to disease

A

Pathological

107
Q

connective tissue cells. The replacement of damaged or diseased cells with healthy new cells with connective tissue cells or by surgery -results in scar tissue.

A

Repair

108
Q

itis means…

A

inflammation

109
Q

cyst means…

A

bladder or sac

110
Q

chole means….

A

bile

111
Q

types of inflammation in the nervous system

A

encephalitismyelitismeningitispoliomyelitisneuritis

112
Q

inflammation of the brain

A

Encephalitis

113
Q

inflammation of the spinal cord.

A

Myelitis

114
Q

inflammation of the 3 layer membrane of the brain and spinal cord.

A

Meningitis

115
Q

inflammation of the gray matter portion of the spinal cord.

A

Poliomyelitis

116
Q

inflammation of a neuron or nerve cell.

A

Neuritis

117
Q

types of inflammation in the respiratory system

A

rhinitispharyngitissinusitislaryngitispleuritistracheitisbronchitispneumonitis

118
Q

inflammation of the nasal mucosa

A

Rhinitis

119
Q

(mucusmembrane of the lining of the nasal cavity)

A

nasal mucosa

120
Q

inflammation of the pharynx a sore throat

A

pharyngitis

121
Q

inflammation of one or more sets of the paranasal sinuses

A

sinusitis

122
Q

near or along the nasal cavities

A

paranasal sinuses

123
Q

inflammation of the larynx or voice box

A

laryngitis

124
Q

inflammation of the pleura

A

pleuritis

125
Q

pleuritis is also called…

A

pleurisy

126
Q

a thin membrane that surrounds the lungs

A

pleura (pleural space or cavity)

127
Q

inflammation of the trachea or windpipe

A

tracheitis

128
Q

inflammation of one or both of the bronchi (two) or bronchus (one)

A

bronchitis

129
Q

inflammation of or infection of lung tissue itself

A

pneumonitis

130
Q

types of pneumonitis

A

lobar pneumonia (one portion of the lung)bronchial pneumoniaviral pneumonia

131
Q

types of inflammation in the digestive system

A

stomatitisglossitisgingivitisesophagitisgastritisenteritisdiverticulitiscolitisproctitisperitonitispancreatitishepatitischolecystitischolangitisappendicitis

132
Q

inflammation of the mouth

A

stomatitis

133
Q

inflammation of the tongue

A

glossitis

134
Q

inflammation of the gums

A

gingivitis

135
Q

inflammation of the esophagus

A

esophagitis

136
Q

muscular tube that conveys food from the throat to the stomach

A

esophagus

137
Q

inflammation of the stomach

A

gastritis

138
Q

inflammation of the small intestines

A

enteritis

139
Q

inflammation of the diverticulum or intestinal hernia

A

diverticulitis

140
Q

inflammation of the colon

A

colitis

141
Q

longest division of the large intestines

A

colon

142
Q

types of colitis

A

amebiculcerative (psychosomatic disorder)

143
Q

inflammation of the rectum

A

proctitis

144
Q

inflammation of the peritoneum

A

peritonitis

145
Q

membrane which surrounds the abdominal viscera

A

peritoneum

146
Q

inflammation of the pancreas

A

pancreatitis

147
Q

a heterocrine gland that breaks down food and releases insulin into blood to control sugar levels

A

pancreas

148
Q

inflammation of the liver

A

hepatitis

149
Q

inflammation of the sac containing bile or gallbladder

A

cholecystitis

150
Q

inflammation of one or more of the bile ducts

A

cholangitis

151
Q

inflammation of the vermiform appendix

A

appendicitis

152
Q

snakelike

A

vermiform

153
Q

Types of inflammation in the Genital & Urinary System

A

Pyelitis Pyelonephritis Glomerulonephritis Ureteritis Cystitis Urethritis Orchitis Prostatitis Oophoritis Salpingitis Endometritis Endocervicitis Vaginitis

154
Q

inflammation of the renal pelvis.

A

Pyelitis

155
Q

inflammation of the structural and functional unit of the kidney caused by pyogenic bacteria.

A

Pyelonephritis

156
Q

inflammation of the Vagina or birth canal.

A

Vaginitis

157
Q

inflammation of the endocervic

A

Endocervicitis

158
Q

the inner most layer of the lower neck structure of the cervix.

A

endocervic

159
Q

pus forming

A

pyogenic

160
Q

inflammation of the little tufted capillaries of the structural and functional unit of the kidneys.

A

Glomerulonephritis

161
Q

little tufted capillaries of kidneys

A

(glomerulus)

162
Q

inflammation of the tube that urine between the kidney and urinary bladder conveys.

A

Ureteritis

163
Q

inflammation of the urinary bladder.

A

Cystitis

164
Q

inflammation of the endometrium, the inner most or vascular layer of the uterus

A

Endometritis

165
Q

inflammation of one or both of the fallopian tubes.

A

Salpingitis

166
Q

inflammation of the single tube that conveys urine from the urinary bladder to outside the body.

A

Urethritis

167
Q

inflammation of one or both of the male gonads (testis).

A

Orchitis

168
Q

inflammation of the prostate gland.

A

Prostatitis

169
Q

inflammation of one or both of the ovaries (female sex gland).

A

Oophoritis

170
Q

types of inflammation of the Cardiovascular System

A

pericarditismyocarditisendocarditisarteritisphlebitisthrombophlebitis

171
Q
  • inflammation of the vein caused by an attached blood clot during life.
A

Thrombophlebitis

172
Q
  • inflammation of the vein.
A

Phlebitis

173
Q
  • inflammation of the artery
A

Arteritis

174
Q

what can cause arteritis

A

angiograms

175
Q

inflammation of the pericardium

A

Pericarditis

176
Q

the sack surrounding the heart.

A

pericardium

177
Q

inflammation of the muscle layer of the heart.

A

Myocarditis

178
Q
  • inflammation of the inner most layer of the heart. The heart valves are made from this tissue.
A

Endocarditis

179
Q

types of inflammation of the Skin and Skeletomuscular System

A

dermatitisbursitisosteomyelitisarthritis

180
Q

inflammation of the skin - contact delayed reaction.

A

Dermatitis

181
Q

inflammation of the bursa

A

Bursitis

182
Q
  • the tiny sac filled with a lubricant for the joints.
A

bursa

183
Q
  • inflammation of the sponge bone and marrow.
A

Osteomyelitis

184
Q
  • inflammation of the joints.
A

Arthritis

185
Q

types of inflammation of the Lymphatic System

A

tonsillitislymphangitis

186
Q
  • inflammation of the lymph vessel.
A

Lymphangitis

187
Q

-inflammation of the one or more of the three sets of tonsils. Tissue between the mouth and throat.

A

Tonsillitis

Comps Sciences (29 decks)

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