400Word_2 Flashcards

Question

**intuitive** / ɪnˈtjuːətɪv, ɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv $ -ˈtuː-, -ˈtjuː- / *adjective* — **intuitively** *adverb*

Answer 1

**1** an intuitive idea is based on a feeling rather than on knowledge or facts **SYN** **instinctive:** حسی، احساسی *He seemed to have an intuitive awareness of how I felt.* Many mothers know **intuitively** when sth is wrong with their children. **2** someone who is intuitive is able to understand situations without being told or having any proof about them

Answer 2

**1** if sth you can see or hear recedes, it gets further and further away until it disappears دور شدن **recede into** *footsteps receding into the distance* **2** if a memory, feeling, or possibility recedes, it gradually goes away: *کم شدن* *The pain in his head gradually receded.* **3** if water recedes, it moves back from an area that it was covering: کم شدن *The flood waters finally began to recede in November.* **4** if your hair recedes, you gradually lose the hair at the front of your head: *He was in his mid-forties, with a **receding hairline.*** After the age of 30, his hairline began to **recede** further back from his forehead **5 receding chin** a chin that slopes backwards

Answer 3

**1** *formal* to find sth and bring it back; get back پیدا کردن *She bent down to retrieve her earring.* **retrieve sth from sth** *It took four days to retrieve all the bodies from the crash.* **2** *technical* to get back information that has been stored in the memory of a computer: بازیابی کردن *The new version of the software automatically retrieves digital information.*

Answer 4

someone who believes that people cannot know whether God exists or not; منکر احتمال وجود خدا ## Footnote *His devoutly Christian parents had problems with his **agnostic** beliefs.*

Answer 5

the belief that God does not exist → **agnosticism (agnostic)** منکر وجود خدا

Answer 6

a religion in which animals and plants are believed to have spirits; Desert cultures that practice **animism** often believe that winds contain spirits.

Answer 7

**1** [transitive] to think about sth that you might do in the future **SYN** **consider:** در نظر داشتن، فکر کردن *He had even contemplated suicide.* **contemplate doing sth** *Did you ever contemplate resigning?* **2** [intransitive and transitive] to think about sth seriously for a period of time **SYN** **consider:** *Jack went on vacation to contemplate his future.* **contemplate what/whether/how etc.** *She sat down and contemplated what she had done.* **contemplate your navel** (= think so much about your own life that you do not notice other important things – used humorously) **3** [transitive] to look at someone or sth for a period of time in a way that shows you are thinking: *He contemplated her with a faint (ضعیف) smile.*

Answer 8

**2** [transitive] to accept the possibility that sth is true پذیرفتن حقیقت ## Footnote **too dreadful/horrifying etc. to contemplate** *The thought that she might be dead was too terrible to contemplate.*

Answer 9

**weigh** to carefully think about a plan or choice by comparing all the advantages and disadvantages involved: *You need to **weigh the pros and cons*** (= the advantages and disadvantages), *and decide which investment is the best one for you.* | *The committee are still weighing the alternatives.* **give sth some/a lot of thought** to think carefully about sth, before you make a final decision about it: *Why don’t you give it some thought and then get back to me?* | *He had obviously given the matter a lot of thought.* **mull sth over** to think about a problem, plan etc. before making a decision: *Can you give me a bit of time to mull it over?* **ponder** to spend time thinking carefully and seriously about sth, especially a problem or sth complicated: *She is still pondering what to do.* | *Officials are pondering ways to remove the oil from the beaches.* **contemplate** to think about sth you might do in the future: *Did you ever contemplate resigning?* **reflect** *formal* to think carefully about sth, especially sth that happened in the past: *It was a good time to reflect upon the changes that had happened in my life.*

Answer 10

to treat someone or sth with extreme respect and admiration; When people **deify** the leader of their country, the leader is able to abuse power more easily خدا دانستن

Answer 11

relating to the Christian church or its priests: *ecclesiastical history*

Answer 12

**1** to put someone or sth into a high rank or position; تمجید کردن *He would often* ***exalt*** *the virtues of his new wife.* **2** to praise someone, especially God: *Exalt ye the Lord.*

Answer 13

**1** having strong religious beliefs, and showing this in the way you behave → **piety:** وارسته، زاهد *He was a quiet, pious man.* Sometimes she was so **pious** that the rest of us felt like heathens. (بی دین) **2** if you describe what someone says as pious talk, words etc, you mean that they are trying to sound good or moral but you do not believe that they are sincere or will really do what they say: مقدس مابانه *pious speeches by politicians about ‘family values’* **3 pious hope/wish** sth that you want to be true or to happen, but that is very unlikely: *All these agreements and ideas remain little more than pious hopes in the present climate.*

Answer 14

when you behave in a way that shows respect for your religion → **pious:** *an act of Christian piety* *تقوی، پارسایی*

Answer 15

pagan religious beliefs and customs do not belong to any of the main religions of the world, and may come from a time before these religions: *ancient pagan temples* *بت پرستی، مشرکی* **pagan 2** *noun* [countable] **1** (*also* **Pagan)** someone who believes in a pagan religion **2** someone with few or no religious beliefs – used humorously

Answer 16

a god or goddess: خدا ## Footnote *the deities of ancient Greece*

Answer 17

**god** a male spirit or being who is believed by some religions to control the world or part of it, or who represents a particular quality: *Odin was the Viking god of war.* **goddess** a female god: *Artemis, the Greek goddess of the moon* **deity** a god. **Deity** is more formal than **god:** *a Hindu deity* | *Roman deities* | *the Supreme Deity* **idol بت** a picture or statue that people pray to as a god: *a bronze idol*

Answer 18

**1** to make a bad situation, an illness, or an injury worse **OPP** **improve:** بدتر کردن * Their money problems **were further aggravated*** *by a rise in interest rates.* * Building the new road will only **aggravate the situation.*** Running will **aggravate** your sore knees **2** to make someone angry or annoyed **SYN** **irritate:** *What really aggravates me is the way she won’t listen.*

Answer 19

old and in bad condition: ضعیف و ناتوان، فرسوده قدیمی * The buildings were in a decrepit state. The once-beautiful building was now dirty,* ***decrepit,*** *and roofless* * He was a rather decrepit old man.*

Answer 20

the use of scientific tests to solve crimes; پزشکی قانونی ## Footnote *Advances in the study of **forensics** have made it much easier to identify criminals from very small traces of evidence.*

Answer 21

**1** a terminal illness cannot be cured, and causes death → **fatal:** ## Footnote *terminal cancer; The cancer ward at the hospital held both **terminal** and recovering patients.*

Answer 22

**1** a big building where people wait to get onto planes, buses, or ships, or where goods are loaded: *the airport’s passenger terminal* **ferry/bus terminal** **2** a piece of computer equipment consisting of at least a keyboard and a screen, that you use for putting in or taking out information from a large computer **3** one of the points at which you can connect wires in an electrical circuit **positive/negative terminal**

Answer 23

**terminal** a big building where people wait to get onto planes: *The airline uses terminal 4.* | *Smoking is prohibited inside the terminal building.* **runway** a long hard surface on which aircraft land and take off: *The plane was taxiing along the runway.* **the tarmac** an area covered with tarmac outside airport buildings:آسفالت SYN: Asphalt *He stepped off the plane onto the tarmac.* **check-in (desk)** a place where you report your arrival at an airport **departure lounge** the place where you wait until your plane is ready to leave **departure gate** the place you go through to get on your plane: *Will passengers for flight BA670 please go to the departure gate.* **baggage claim** the place where you collect your cases and bags after a flight **immigration** the place where officials check the documents of everyone entering the country: *Be prepared for long queues at immigration.* **customs** the place where your bags are checked for illegal goods when you enter a country: *We had our bags checked at customs.*

Answer 24

**1** an injury to your body that is made by a weapon such as a knife or a bullet: زخم * A nurse cleaned and bandaged the wound.* * It took several months for his **wounds** to **heal.*** **2** a feeling of emotional or mental pain that you get when someone says or does sth unpleasant to you: *It will take much longer for the mental **wounds** to **heal.***

Answer 25

*Several of the victims suffered severe stab (چاقو زدن) wounds.*

Answer 26

**head/leg etc. wound** *He was treated in hospital for head wounds.* **stab/knife/gunshot wound** * He died of gunshot wounds.* * The doctor said it was only a **flesh wound*** (= one that does not cut the skin very deeply). * a **gaping wound*** (= one that is wide and open) *on his thigh*

Answer 27

to remind someone of unpleasant things that happened in the past

Answer 28

**injury** damage to part of your body caused by an accident or an attack: *The passengers were taken to hospital with minor injuries.* **wound** an injury, especially a deep cut in your skin made by a knife, bullet, or bomb: *He died of a gunshot wound to the head.* **cut** a small injury made when a sharp object cuts your skin: *Blood was running from a cut on his chin.* **bruise** a dark mark on your skin that you get when you fall or get hit: *Jack often comes home from playing rugby covered in bruises.* **graze/scrape** a small injury that marks your skin or breaks the surface slightly: *She fell off her bike and got a few grazes on her legs and knees.* **gash** a long deep cut: *He had a deep gash across his forehead.* **bump** an area of skin that is swollen because you have hit it against sth: *How did you get that bump on your head?* **sprain** an injury to your ankle, wrist, knee etc, caused by suddenly twisting it: *It’s a slight sprain – you should rest your ankle for a week.* **strain** an injury to a muscle caused by stretching it or using it too much: *a muscle strain in his neck* **fracture** a crack or broken part in a bone: *a hip fracture*

Answer 29

to increase the value, amount, effectiveness etc. of sth: ## Footnote *Any surplus was sold to augment their income. In some types of popular cosmetic surgery people **augment** parts of their bodies. The college **augmented** its course offerings because students complained that there were too few choices*

Answer 30

**1** *informal* crazy, especially in a way that is dangerous: دیونه خطرناک *If you ask me, that man is certifiable.* **2** definitely a particular thing: *The guy’**s a certifiable megastar.* **3** good enough to be officially approved: *grade A certifiable beef;* He couldn’t be institutionalized until he was declared **certifiably** insane.

Answer 31

**1** institutionalized attitudes and behavior have existed for a long time in an organization and have become accepted as normal even though they are bad نهادینه شده **institutionalized racism/sexism etc.** *institutionalized corruption (فساد) within the state* **2** someone who has become institutionalized has lived for a long time in a prison, mental hospital etc. and now cannot easily live outside one سالها در زندان یا بیمارستان ببستری بودن **3** forming part of a society or system: *institutionalised democracy*

Answer 32

the study of the positions and movements of the stars and how they might influence people and events; ستاره شناسی ## Footnote *Every day, Mona read her **astrological** forecast in the newspaper, and she was careful if the horoscope predicted trouble.*

Answer 33

a description of people’s characters and the things that will happen to them, based on the position of the stars and planets at the time of their birth – especially a description that is printed in a newspaper or magazine: فال ## Footnote *I sometimes read my horoscope in the daily paper. | My horoscope says that I should be careful about investing money. *

Answer 34

**the signs of the zodiac** the twelve signs that you can belong to according to your birth date and the position of the stars then, which some people believe influence our characters and our lives: *The carving shows the twelve signs of the zodiac.* **star sign/sign** one of the 12 signs of the zodiac: *What sign are you?* | *My favourite star sign is Aquarius.*

Answer 35

the ability to say what will happen in the future, or the act of doing this; پیش گویی ## Footnote *In Turkey, women offer **divinations** by reading the dregs (ته نشین) from a coffee cup.*

Answer 36

**1** [plural] a small amount of a drink, sometimes with bits in, left at the bottom of a cup, glass, or bottle **2 the dregs of society/humanity** *not polite* an offensive expression used to describe the people that you consider are the least important or useful in society

Answer 37

**1** if the soul of a dead person haunts a place, it appears there often: *The pub is said to be haunted by the ghost of a former landlord. Some say the ghost of Princess Hilda **haunts** this castle, appearing as a headless form while she plays the piano. The pictures of children dying in war have **haunted** me for a long time. A **haunted house*** **2** to make someone worry or make them sad: *Clare was haunted by the fear that her husband was having an affair.* **3** to cause problems for someone over a long period of time: *an error that would **come back to haunt** them for years to come*

Answer 38

a place that someone likes to go to often پاتوق **haunt of** *The Café Vienna was a* ***favorite haunt*** *of journalists and actors.*

Answer 39

a film in which strange and frightening things happen فیمهای وحشتناک

Answer 40

a person or organization that tries to help two other people or groups to agree with each other SYN: **go-between:** میانجی *Jackson* ***acted as*** *an **intermediary** between the two parties.* The plaintiff’s lawyer suggested that they hire an **intermediary** to help them discuss their case.

Answer 41

someone who brings a legal action against another person in a court of law **SYN** **complainant** شاکی، خواهان

Answer 42

**1** if you invoke a law, rule etc, you say that you are doing sth because the law allows or forces you to: خواستار چیزی شدن، با التماس خواستن *The UN threatened to invoke economic sanctions if the talks were broken off. In many religions, believers **invoke** their god by holding out their hands.* **2** to make a particular idea, image, or feeling appear in people’s minds by describing an event or situation, or by talking about a person تصویر سازی * a painting that invokes images of the Rocky Mountains* * During his speech, he invoked the memory of Harry Truman.* **3** to ask for help from someone more powerful than you, especially a god: *St. Genevieve is often invoked against plagues (بیماریهایی که سریع پخش میشوند و جان عده زیادی آدم را میگیرند).* **4** to make spirits appear by using magic: احضار روح کردن *invoking the spirits of their ancestors*

Answer 43

**1** the image of a dead person or strange thing that someone thinks they see **SYN** **ghost روح** **2** sth that exists only in your imagination شبح

Answer 44

**ghost** the spirit of a dead person that some people think they can feel or see in a place: *His ghost is believed to haunt the house.* **spirit** a creature without a physical body, such as an angel or ghost: *evil spirits* | *the spirit world* **apparition** an image of a dead person that someone sees suddenly for a short time: *He claimed to have seen an apparition in the church.* **poltergeist** a ghost that people cannot see, which throws things or moves things around: *The house was haunted by a poltergeist that makes things move around all by themselves, sometimes quite big things like beds or wardrobes.* **spook** *informal* a ghost: *I’m not scared of spooks.* **phantom** *literary* a frightening and unclear image of a dead person: *They had seen phantoms gliding on the surface of the water.* **specter** *literary* a ghost, especially a frightening one: *She had looked like a spectre.* | *The following night, the spectre appeared again.*

Answer 45

**1** (*also* **psychical** / ˈsaɪkɪk *ə* l /) relating to the power of the human mind to do strange or surprising things that cannot be explained by reason: * a spiritual healer with **psychic powers*** * a documentary on psychic phenomena* **2** someone who is psychic has the ability to know what other people are thinking or what will happen in the future SYN: **clairvoyant:** / kleəˈvɔɪənt $ kler- / *noun* [countable] *You don’t have to be psychic to know what Maggie is thinking.* **3** (*also* **psychical)** affecting the mind rather than the body: *psychic disorders* (= illnesses)

Answer 46

to make a situation, attitude etc, especially a bad one, continue to exist for a long time: تداوم دادن موارد بد ## Footnote *an education system that perpetuates the divisions in our society*

Answer 47

**1** [transitive] to completely understand and begin to use new ideas, information etc. **SYN** **absorb: وفق دادن** *It will take time to assimilate all these facts.* **2** [intransitive and transitive] if people assimilate, or are assimilated into a country or group, they become part of that group and are accepted by the people in that group **assimilate into** *Refugees find it difficult to become assimilated into the community. Not all of the overseas students could **assimilate** into the rigidly controlled school.*

Answer 48

to burn the body of a dead person at a funeral ceremony سوزاندن جسد **Cremation** is particularly common in Japan, where land for burial is very limited

Answer 49

tending to disagree with what other people tell you **SYN** **doubtful** ## Footnote **skeptical about/of مشکوک** * I’m extremely skeptical about what I read in the press.* * Environmental groups are skeptical of the government’s claims.* **highly/deeply skeptical** * He is highly skeptical of the reforms.* * ‘You can trust me,’ he said. Jane looked skeptical.*

Answer 50

the traditional stories, customs etc. of a particular area or country; فرهنگ عامه ## Footnote *Through **folklore,** archaeologists have learned about the migration of Native Americans in North America*

Answer 51

**1** [usually passive] if people, ideas, systems etc. fossilize or are fossilized, they never change or develop, even when there are good reasons why they should change: فسیل شده *Most couples, however fossilized their relationship, have some interests in common.* The dinosaur eggs had **fossilized** over thousands of years. **2** [intransitive and transitive] to become or form a fossil by being preserved in rock: *fossilized dinosaur bones*

Answer 52

**1** *British English* mother – used especially by young children or when you are talking to young children **SYN** **mommy** *American English:* *Mummy, can I play outside?* **2** a dead body that has been preserved by wrapping it in cloth, especially in ancient Egypt → **mummify**

Answer 53

**1** an old object or custom that reminds people of the past or that has lived on from a past time: یادگار یا عتیقه *Roman relics found in a field* **relic of** * the books and photos, relics of Rob’s university days; **Relics** of the war can still be found in the sand dunes (تپه های شنی در صحرا یا کنار دریا) along this shore* * Everything in the house seemed old and untouched, like relics of an ancient time.* **2** a part of the body or clothing of a holy person which is kept after their death because it is thought to be holy

Answer 54

**1** a ceremony that is always performed in the same way, usually for religious purposes SYN: **ritual:** تشریفات مذهبی * funeral rites;* Many cultures have fertility **rites** that supposedly make it more likely for women to bear children * ancient fertility rites* * These traditional* ***rites*** *are* ***performed*** *only by the women of the village.* **2 rite of passage** a special ceremony or action that is a sign of a new stage in someone’s life, especially when a boy starts to become a man جشن بلوغ پسرها **3 last rites** final prayers or religious ceremonies for someone who is dying: *A priest came to **give** him **the last rites.***

Answer 55

**1** done as part of a rite or ritual: *ritual dances;* The children **ritually** kissed their parents on the cheek before bed. **2** done in a fixed and expected way, but without real meaning or sincerity: *The police issued the usual ritual apology.*

Answer 56

**1** a long and complicated series of events, or a description of this: وقایع طولانی و پیچیده *The whole saga began back in May.* **saga of** *She launched into the saga of her on-off engagement.* **2** a long story about events that happen over many years **saga of** *a saga of four generations of the Coleman family* **3** one of the stories written about the Vikings of Norway and Iceland

Answer 57

**story** a description of how sth happened that is intended to entertain people, and may be true or imaginary: *a ghost story* | *a love story* | *It’s a story about a man who loses his memory.* | *a book of short stories* **tale** a story about strange imaginary events, or exciting events that happened in the past: *a fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen* | *I loved hearing tales of his travels.* **myth** *noun* [uncountable and countable] a very old imaginary story about gods and magical creatures: *an ancient myth* | *Greek and Roman myths* **legend** *noun* [uncountable and countable] an old story about brave people or magical events that are probably not true: *popular legends of the creation of the world* | *According to legend, King Arthur was buried there.* **fable** a traditional imaginary short story that teaches a moral lesson, especially a story about animals: *the fable of the tortoise* / ˈtɔːtəs $ ˈtɔːr- / *noun* [countable] *and the hare (خرگوش)* | *a Chinese fable* **epic** a story told in a long book, film, or poem which is about great or exciting events, especially in history: *an epic about 13th-century Scottish hero William Wallace* **saga** a story about a series of events that take place over a long period of time, especially events involving one family: *a family saga beginning in the 1880s* **yarn** *informal* a long exciting story that is not completely true: *The movie’s a rattling good yarn (هم معنی نخهای پشمی برای ریسندگی میده و هم معنی قصه های ماجراجویی و هیجانی که خالی بندی هم توشه) and full of action.*

Answer 58

**1** a small part or amount of sth that remains when most of it no longer exists **SYN** **trace ذره** **vestige of** *The new law removed **the last vestiges** of royal power.* **2** the smallest possible amount of a quality or feeling **vestige of** *There’s not a vestige of truth in the story.*

Answer 59

**prejudice** an unreasonable dislike and distrust of people who are different from you in some way, especially because of their race, sex, religion etc.: تعصب *racial prejudice* | *prejudice against women* **discrimination** the practice of treating one group of people differently from another in an unfair way: *There is widespread discrimination against older people.* | *the laws on sex discrimination* **intolerance** an unreasonable refusal to accept beliefs, customs, and ways of thinking that are different from your own: *religious intolerance* | *There is an atmosphere of intolerance in the media.* **bigotry** a completely unreasonable hatred (نفرت/ ˈheɪtrəd, ˈheɪtrɪd / *noun* [uncountable and countable] ) for people of a different race, religion etc, based on strong and fixed opinions: تعصب *religious bigotry* | *the bigotry directed at Jews and other ethnic groups* **racism/racial prejudice** unfair treatment of people because they belong to a different race: *Many black people have been the victims of racism in Britain.* | *Some immigrant groups faced racism, for example Jews and Italians, while others, such as Scandinavians, did not.* **sexism** the belief that one sex, especially women, is weaker, less intelligent etc. than the other, especially when this results in someone being treated unfairly: *sexism in language* | *She accused him of sexism.* **ageism** (*also* **agism** *American English)* unfair treatment of people because they are old: *The new law aims to stop ageism in the workplace.* **homophobia** prejudice towards or hatred of gay people: *homophobia in the armed forces* **xenophobia** / ˌzenəˈfəʊbiə $ -ˈfoʊ- / hatred and fear of foreigners: *the xenophobia of the right-wing press* **anti-Semitism** a strong feeling of hatred toward Jewish people: *Is anti-Semitism on the increase?* **Islamophobia** hatred and fear of Muslims: *the rise of Islamophobia and right-wing extremism in Europe* **gay/union/America etc. bashing** unfair public criticism of gay people, union members, the American government etc.: *The minister was accused of union bashing.* | *There's so much America-bashing in the liberal press.*

Answer 60

**1** unfairly preferring one person or group over another: جانبدارانه * Of course I’m biased, but I thought my daughter’s paintings were the best.* * racially biased attitudes* **biased against/towards/in favour of** *news reporting that was **heavily biased** towards the government* **2** more interested in a particular thing than in another **biased towards** *The majority of infants are biased towards being social rather than being antisocial.*

Answer 61

**unfair/not fair** not right or fair, especially because not everyone has an equal opportunity: *The present welfare system is grossly unfair.* | *It’s not fair that people are paying different prices for the same tickets.* **unjust** not fair or right according to the principles of a particular society: *He believed it was an illegal and unjust war.* | *unjust laws* **unequal** unfair because people are treated in different ways or because some people have more power than others: نابرابر *We live in a deeply unequal society.* | *the unequal distribution of global resources* **inequitable** *formal* unfair because people are treated in different ways, or because some people have more power than others: غیرمنصفانه *inequitable tax laws* | *The system is inequitable, because it makes it possible for rich people to buy a place at university.* **biased** unfairly against or in favour of a particular group: *biased reporting* | *There were claims that prison bosses were racially biased.* | *The policy was **biased against** women.* | *The trade laws are **biased in favour of** rich countries.*

Answer 62

**1** [intransitive and transitive] to say sth in order to try to prove that what someone said was not true or as a reply to sth: جواب پس دادن *‘I could ask the same thing of you,’ she countered.* **counter an argument/an allegation (****تهمت****) /a criticism etc.** *He was determined to counter the bribery allegations.* **2** [transitive] to do sth in order to prevent sth bad from happening or to reduce its bad effects: مانع چیزای بد شدن *Exercise helps to counter the effects of stress.*

Answer 63

really existing although not legally stated to exist بالفعل *a de facto state of war;* Popular support established the Citizens Party as the **de facto** government.

Answer 64

true or right because of a law حق قانونی

Answer 65

**1** an idea, belief, or opinion ایده و باورو عقیده **notion of** * misguided notions of male superiority* * The traditional notion of marriage goes back thousands of years.* * She had only a* ***vague (مبهم=وِگ) notion*** *of what she wanted to do.* **notion that** * the notion that human beings are basically good* * She **had no notion** what he meant.* **accept/challenge/reject etc. a notion** *They reject the notion of group guilt.* **2 notions** [plural] *American English* small things such as thread and buttons that are used for sewing خرده ریزای خیاطی

Answer 66

(= not know or understand sth at all) *He had not the foggiest notion how far he might have to walk.*

Answer 67

**idea** sth that you think of, especially sth that you could do or suggest: *I think that’s an excellent idea.* | *Let me know if you have any good ideas.* **thought** sth that comes into your mind: *The thought had entered my mind that he might be lying.* | *It was a worrying thought.* | *She was lost in her thoughts.* **impression** the idea that you have in your mind about what someone or sth is like: *What was your impression of him?* **inspiration** a good and original idea, which makes you think of doing or creating sth: *Where did you get your inspiration from for the book?* | *He suddenly had a flash of inspiration.* | *The design for the house was entirely the inspiration of the architect.* **brainstorm** a sudden new and clever idea, especially one that solves a problem: *I thought I’d have to sell the house, but then I had a brainwave.* **concept** an idea of how sth is, or how sth should be done: *Concepts of beauty are different in different cultures.* | *the traditional concept of marriage* **notion** an idea about life or society, especially one that is a little silly or old-fashioned: *There is no evidence to support the notion that poverty is caused by laziness.*

Answer 68

**1** to treat a group of people unfairly or cruelly, and prevent them from having the same rights that other people in society have: ظلم و ستم کردن *native tribes **oppressed** by the authorities; Factory management **oppressed** workers through intimidation* (ارعاب) **2** to make someone feel unhappy, worried, or uncomfortable: *The gloom (تاریکی) in the chapel oppressed her.*

Answer 69

**1** the leader of the Roman Catholic Church → **papal:** ## Footnote * The Pope will visit El Salvador this year.* * Pope John XXIII*

Answer 70

used to say that sth is clearly true or certain – used humorously: *‘Do you think they’ll win?’ ‘Is the Pope Catholic?’*

400Word_2 Flashcards

(94 cards)