Pathway4_1 Flashcards

Question

**al****‧****low****‧****ance** **S2 W3** / əˈlaʊəns / *noun* [countable usually singular] /money/ ## Footnote **a monthly/annual etc. allowance;** **get an allowance for**

Answer 1

an amount of money that you are given regularly or for a special purpose پل توجیبی **a monthly/annual etc. allowance;** *His father gives him a monthly allowance of $200.* **allowance for;** *Do you **get an allowance** for clothes allowance; Sales staff get a generous mileage allowance or a company car.; If you are entitled to sickness allowance, you must claim it from your employer.*

Answer 2

to move or go with someone or something from one place to another **OPP** **bring** **take somebody/something to/into etc. something;** *Barney took us to the airport. Would you mind **taking** Susie **home?;** When he refused to give his name, he was taken into custody (توقیف، حبس). My job has taken me all over the world.* **take somebody/something with you;** *His wife went to Australia, takeing the children with her.* **take somebody something;** *I have to take Steve the money tonight.* **take somebody to do something;** *He took me to meet his parents.*

Answer 3

**2** an amount of something that is acceptable or safe: ## Footnote *the recommended **daily allowance** of Vitamin C; Passengers’ baggage allowance is 75 pounds per person.*

Answer 4

used with a noun instead of using a verb to describe an action. For example, if you take a walk, you walk somewhere: *Would you like to take a look?; Mike’s just taking a shower.; Sara took a deep breath. Please **take a seat*** (= sit down). **take a picture/photograph/photo;** *Would you mind taking a photo of us together?*

Answer 5

**4** a small amount of money that a parent regularly gives to a child

Answer 6

to remove something from a place **take something off/from etc. something; *take*** *your feet off the seats.; Someone’s taken a pen from my desk. Police say money and jewelry were taken in the raid (یورش، حمله ناگهانی).*

Answer 7

**5** something that you consider when deciding what is likely to happen, what you should expect etc. **alloance for;** *There is always an allowance in insurance premiums for whether someone smokes or not.* **make (an) allowance/make allowances (for something);** *The budget makes allowances for extra staff when needed.*

Answer 8

if something takes a particular amount of time, money, effort etc., that amount of time etc. is needed for it to happen or succeed: *How **long** is this going to **take?** ; Organizing a successful street party takes a lot of energy.* **take (somebody) something (to do something);** *Repairs take time to carry out.;* ***It took*** *a few minutes for his eyes to adjust to the dark.* **take (somebody) ages/forever** *informal: It took me ages to find a present for Dad.* **take courage/guts;** *It* ***takes*** *courage to admit you are wrong.* **have what it takes** *informal* (= to have the qualities that are needed for success); *Neil’s got what it takes to be a great footballer.*

Answer 9

to start to employ someone → **hire:** ## Footnote *We’re taking on 50 new staff this year.*

Answer 10

to treat someone rudely, especially by ignoring them when you meet: *the boys who had snubbed her in high school*

Answer 11

**a)** to have a value in money : *The house must be worth quite a lot of money now. One of the pictures is worth $50,000.* * Do you know **how much** the ring **is worth**?* * This art collection is **worth a fortune*** (= worth a very large amount of money )*.* **be worth nothing/not be worth anything;** *It’s a very old machine so I shouldn’t think it’s worth anything.* **b)** to have money or possessions that have value; *I’ve heard that he’s worth over $2 million. The man who founded the company must be **worth a fortune**.*

Answer 12

to accept or choose something that is offered, suggested, or given to you: *Will you take the job? Do you take American Express?; If you **take** my **advice,** you’ll see a doctor. Our helpline **takes** 3.5 million **calls*** (= telephone calls) *a year. Some doctors are unwilling to take new patients without a referral. Liz found his criticisms **hard to take.*** *I just **can’t take any more*** (= can’t deal with a bad situation any longer). *Staff have agreed to take a 2% pay cut.* **take a hammering/beating** (= be forced to accept defeat or a bad situation); *Small businesses took a hammering in the last recession.* **I take your point/point taken** (= used to say that you accept someone’s opinion) **take sb’s word for it/take it from somebody** (= accept that what someone says is true); *That’s the truth – **take it from me.*** **take the credit/blame/responsibility;** *He’s the kind of man who makes things happen but lets others take the credit.* **take it as read/given** (= assume that something is correct or certain, because you are sure that this is the case); *It isn’t official yet, but you can take it as read that you’ve got the contract.*

Answer 13

**a)** used to say that something is interesting, useful, or helpful: *A lot of the small towns in the area are definitely worth visiting. The film is **well worth** seeing.* **worth a trip/visit etc;** *The local museum is worth a visit.* **b)** used to say that someone should do something because they will gain something from it **be worth doing something;** *It’s worth checking the details of the contract before you sign it.* ***It’s well worth*** *getting there early if you want a good seat.* **be worth the time/effort/work;** *It was a great evening, and definitely worth all the hard work.*

Answer 14

to get hold of something in your hands: *Let me take your coat. Can you take this package while I get my wallet?* **take somebody/something in/by something;** *I just wanted to take him in my arms.*

Answer 15

used to say that you gain something from an action: *It was a lot of hard work, but **it was worth it**.* **4 be not worth it** *informal* used to say that you do not gain anything from an action: *I thought about trying to talk to him about it, but decided **it wasn’t worth it.***

Answer 16

to agree to do some work or be responsible for something: ## Footnote *Don’t take on too much work – the extra cash isn’t worth it.*

Answer 17

**1** an agreement that is achieved after everyone involved accepts less than what they wanted at first, or the act of making this agreement: توافق، سازش *compromise is an inevitable (*اجتناب ناپذیر*) part of marriage. To stop the argument they decided on a compromise.* **compromise with;** Fresh attempts at compromise with the legislature (قوه مقننه) were also on the agenda (دستور کار). **compromise between;** *a compromise between government and opposition; If moderates fail to **reach** a **compromise,** the extremists will dominate the agenda. Be prepared to **make compromises.***

Answer 18

to reduce the amount of something: *They’re introducing CCTV cameras in an attempt to cut street crime in the area. You need to cut the amount of fat and sugar in your diet. Scientists are warning that unless carbon emissions are cut, we could be heading for an environmental catastrophe. Seven hundred jobs will be lost in order to **cut costs** and boost profits. The major aviation companies need to **cut prices** if they are to compete with budget airlines.* **cut something by $1 million/$5 billion/half etc.** *The welfare budget has been cut by $56 billion.* **cut something off something;** *A new direct service will cut two hours off the flying time between London and Seoul. Staffing levels had already been **cut to the bone*** (= reduced to the lowest level possible).

Answer 19

to be or provide the workers for an organization → **overstaffed** , **understaffed**: *The centre is staffed mainly by volunteers.*

Answer 20

to use a particular form of transport or a particular road in order to go somewhere: ## Footnote *Let’s take a cab. I took the first plane out. take the I10 to Junction 19.*

Answer 21

used to say that someone should spend time or money on something because they will gain something from it: ***It might be worth*** *your **while** to talk to the head of department. Some people feel it’s not worth their while working if they can get money from the state.*

Answer 22

to study a particular subject in school or college for an examination: *Are you taking French next year?*

Answer 23

**2** a solution to a problem in which two things or situations are changed slightly so that they can exist together; سازش **compromise between;** *a happy compromise between the needs of family and work*

Answer 24

**2** **divide something with a knife, scissors etc.** to divide something or separate something from its main part, using scissors, a knife etc: Do you want me to cut the cake?; The telephone wires had been cut minutes before the assault (حمله). **cut something with something;** *Jane cut the cord with a knife.* **cut somebody something** *Can you cut me a piece of bread, please?* **cut along/across/round etc.;** *Using a pair of scissors, cut carefully along the dotted lines.* **cut through;** *We’ll need a saw that will cut through metal.* **cut something in half/in two;** *cut the orange in half.* **cut something into slices/chunks/pieces etc.** (= make something into a particular shape by cutting); *cut the carrots into thin strips.* **cut something to size/length** (= cut something so that it is the size you need); *The curtain pole can be cut to length.*

Answer 25

more than is needed or wanted **SYN unnecessary:** ## Footnote *a modern building with no superfluous decoration زاید، اضافی*

Answer 26

to do an examination or test; *Applicants are asked to take a written test.*

Answer 27

to make something shorter with a knife, scissors etc., especially in order to make it neater: *For reasons of hygiene, we had to cut our fingernails really short.* **cut the lawn/grass/hedge etc.;** *From outside came the sound of someone cutting the hedge.* **have/get your hair cut;** *It’s about time you got your hair cut.*

Answer 28

to offer something to someone so that they will do something for you: *He promised to make it worth our while.*

Answer 29

to be the correct or suitable size, type etc. for a particular person or thing: ## Footnote *a car that takes low sulphur fuel; What size shoe do you take?; The elevator takes a maximum of 32 people.*

Answer 30

used humorously to ask someone how they will reward you if you do something for them چه خاصیتی برای تو/من داره؟

Answer 31

**4** **remove parts from film etc.** to remove parts from a film, book, speech etc., for example because it is too long or might offend people: ## Footnote *The original version was cut by more than 30 minutes.*

Answer 32

if a problem or feeling cut across different groups of people, they are all affected by it: ## Footnote *Domestic violence seems to cut across most social divisions.*

Answer 33

a town, or part of a large city, that is responsible for managing its own schools, hospitals, roads etc: ## Footnote *the borough of Queens in New York City; Lambeth borough Council*

Answer 34

**1** **in clothes** a type of small bag in or on a coat, trousers etc. that you can put money, keys etc. in: *Luke came in with his hands in his pockets.* **jacket/trouser etc. pocket;** *The keys are in my trouser pocket.* **pocket of;** *the **inside pocket** of his jacket; The policeman told me to **turn out** my **pockets*** (= take everything out of them).

Answer 35

to collect or gather something for a particular purpose: *Investigators will **take samples** of the wreckage to identify the cause.* **take something from something;** *The police **take** a **statement** from both witnesses.*

Answer 36

a special quality someone or something has that makes people like them, feel attracted to them, or be easily influenced by them – used to show approval; *Joe’s boyish charm دلربایی، افسون* **charm of;** *the charm of this small Southern city; She **turned on the charm*** (= used her charm) *to all the men. The room had no windows and **all the charm of** a prison cell* (= used to say that something has no charm).

Answer 37

**1** kept to be used later: ## Footnote *I’ve been **setting aside** a few dollars each week. One of the rooms was **set aside** for a yoga class. Try to **set aside** a few hours a week for exercise. Could you **put** this cake **aside** for me?*

Answer 38

to react to someone or something or consider them in a particular way *I was joking, but he took me seriously. Ben took the news very badly. She does **not take kindly to** criticism* (= reacts badly to criticism). **take something as something;** *I’ll take that remark as a compliment.* **take something as evidence/proof (of something);** *The presence of dust clouds has been taken as evidence of recent star formation.* **take somebody/something to be something;** *I took her to be his daughter.* **take somebody/something for something;** *Of course I won’t tell anyone! **What do you take me for?*** (= what sort of person do you think I am?) ***I take it*** (= I assume) *you’ve heard that Rick’s resigned.*

Answer 39

to say officially that you want to stop fighting, because you realize that you cannot win: تسلیم شدن ## Footnote *Germany surrendered on May 7th, 1945. The terrorists were given ten minutes to surrender.*

Answer 40

to make a hole or mark in the surface of something, or to open it using a sharp tool **cut into;** *The blade cut deep into the wood.* **cut something into something;** *Strange letters had been cut into the stone.* ***cut a hole*** *in the middle of the paper.* ***cut open*** *the chillies and remove the seeds.*

Answer 41

**2** **money** the amount of money that you have to spend: *There are eight hotels, with a price range to **suit every pocket.*** **from/out of/into your own pocket;** *Dan had to pay for the repairs out of his own pocket. He was accused of diverting some of the firm’s money into his own pocket. The deepening recession has **hit** people’s **pockets.*** *For investors with **deep pockets*** (= a lot of money), *the Berlin property market is attractive.*

Answer 42

a very small object worn on a chain or bracelet: *a charm bracelet; a small gold horseshoe worn as a **lucky charm***

Answer 43

**2** moved to one side or away from you: به یک طرف، بکنار ## Footnote *He **pushed** his half-eaten salad **aside** and left. He **stepped aside** to let Katherine go in first. Mark **drew** me **aside** and explained the problem. She swept her thick hair aside.*

Answer 44

**1** to put several things, problems etc. in order of importance, so that you can deal with the most important ones first: *You need to prioritize your tasks. اولویت بندی کردن*

Answer 45

to go to the police or the authorities, and say that you want to stop trying to escape from them **surrender (yourself) to somebody;** *He immediately surrendered himself to the authorities.*

Answer 46

to stay in a particular state, condition, or position, or to make someone or something do this; **keep (somebody/ something) warm/safe/dry etc.;** *We huddled around the fire to keep warm.* **keep calm/awake/sane etc.;** *I was struggling to keep awake.; **keep*** **something clean/tidy; keep** *your room tidy.;* **keep somebody busy/amused/occupied;** *some toys to keep the kids amused; You won’t be able to **keep** it **secret** for ever.; Peter cycles to work to **keep fit.** ; Don’t **keep** us **in suspense** any longer!;* **keep (somebody/something) away/back/off/out etc.;** *The police put up barriers to keep the crowds back.; If I were you, I’d keep away from that area at night.; a sign saying ‘Danger: keep Out’; The little boy kept close to his mother.; **keep*** **(somebody) out of something;** *keep him out of trouble.; You keep out of this, Mother* (= do not get involved). *It’s no concern of yours.; How can I cut your hair if you won’t **keep still**!;* **keep left/right** (= stay to the left or right of a path or road as you move); **keep somebody/something doing something;** *Jane kept the engine running.*

Answer 47

to have or experience a particular feeling; **take** **delight/pleasure/pride etc. in (doing) something;** *You should take pride in your work. At first, he **took** no **interest in** the baby.;* **take pity on somebody;** *She stood feeling lost until an elderly man took pity on her.;* **take offence** (= feel offended); *Don’t take offence. Roger says things like that to everybody.;* **take comfort from/in (doing) something;** *Investors can **take comfort from the fact that** the World Bank is underwriting the shares.*

Answer 48

**a)** if your ears ring, they make a continuous sound that only you can hear, after you have been somewhere very noisy or heard a loud sound:;*The explosion made our ears ring.* **b)** *literary* if a place rings with a sound, it is full of that sound; **ring with;** *The whole room rang with their laughter.*

Answer 49

to decorate something تزیین کردن ## Footnote **adorn something with something** *church walls adorned with religious paintings*

Answer 50

**1** **cover with water** to cover a place with water, or to become covered with water:*Towns and cities all over the country have been flooded.; The houses down by the river flood quite regularly.*

Answer 51

to make it difficult for something to develop or succeed **SYN hamper: به تاخیر انداختن** *His career has been hindered by injury.; policies that will hinder rather than help families* **►** Do not confuse with **prevent** (=to make it impossible for someone to do something): *His poor health prevented him from going to work (NOT His poor health hindered him from going to work).*

Answer 52

to get possession or control of something: *Enemy forces have takenthe airport. Both boys were **taken prisoner.*** **take control/charge/power;** *The communists took power in 1948.; Youngsters need to take control of their own lives.* **take the lead** (= in a race, competition etc.)

Answer 53

**1** big and heavy: سنگین *a tall hefty man; a **hefty tome*** (= large thick book); *hefty camera equipment*

Answer 54

to injure yourself on something sharp that breaks the skin and makes you bleed **cut your finger/knee/hand etc.;** *I noticed he’d cut his finger quite badly.;* **cut yourself (on something);** *Marcie said she’d cut herself on a broken glass.; That knife’s extremely sharp! Mind you don’t cut yourself.; On Eric’s chin was a scrap of cotton wool where he’d **cut** himself **shaving.*** *She fell and **cut** her head **open.***

Answer 55

a phrase or action believed to have special magic powers **SYN** **spell**

Answer 56

left to be considered or dealt with later, or not considered and dealt with at all:; *He **brushed aside** criticisms of his performance.* ***Leaving aside*** *the heat, we really enjoyed our holiday. You must **put aside** your pride and call her.*

Answer 57

**2** to deal with one thing first, because it is the most important: ## Footnote *The public wants to see the fight against crime prioritized.*

Answer 58

a small bag or piece of material fastened to something so that you can put things into it: ## Footnote *Please read the air safety card in the pocket of the seat in front.*

Answer 59

used when you are giving someone information, to say that you are not sure how useful it is : ## Footnote *Here’s the list of names, for what it’s worth.*

Answer 60

to give up something or someone, especially because you are forced to: *They agreed to surrender their weapons.; She was reluctant to surrender her independence. Marchers who had cameras were forced to surrender their film.*

Answer 61

to work exactly as you had hoped: ## Footnote *The new sales program has worked like a charm.*

Answer 62

**2 continue doing something** (*also* **keep on)** to continue doing something or to do the same thing many times **keep (on) doing something;** *I keep thinking about Joe, all alone in that place. I keep telling you, but you won’t listen!; She pretended not to hear, and kept on walking.*

Answer 63

if a river floods, it is too full, and spreads water over the land around it: ## Footnote *There are now fears that the river could flood.*

Answer 64

if something rings a bell, it reminds you of something, but you cannot remember exactly what it is: ## Footnote *Her name rings a bell but I can’t remember her face.*

Answer 65

a right that someone has, especially because of their importance or social position امتیاز ویژه **prerogative of;** *Education was once the prerogative of the elite. Arriving late is **a woman’s prerogative.*** ***the royal prerogative*** (= the rights of kings and queens)

Answer 66

showing signs of being successful or good in the future: نوید دهنده ## Footnote * a promising career in law* * a promising young actor* * a promising start*

Answer 67

to delay someone: ## Footnote *He should be here by now. What’s keeping him?*

Answer 68

to allow yourself to be controlled or influenced by something: ## Footnote *Colette surrendered to temptation (وسوسه) and took out a cigarette.*

Answer 69

used to show that something you have just said is not as important as what you are going to say next: ## Footnote *These problems aside, we think the plan should go ahead.*

Answer 70

to do what you have promised or agreed to do **keep your word/promise;** *How do I know you’ll keep your word?; patients who fail to **keep** their **appointments***

Answer 71

to produce and sell a very large number of one type of thing, so that the price goes down ## Footnote **flood the market with** *Car manufacturers have been accused of flooding the market with cheap cars.*

Answer 72

if something does not ring true, you do not believe it, even though you are not sure why: ## Footnote *It was a possible explanation, but it didn’t quite ring true.*

Answer 73

someone you know, but who is not a close friend: *She was a **casual acquaintance** of my family in Vienna. He heard about the job through a **mutual acquaintance*** (= someone you and another person both know).

Answer 74

**a)** except for **SYN** **apart from:** *aside from Durang’s performance, the actors are ordinary.* **b)** in addition to: *In the poetry competition, aside from Hass, are four other entrants.*

Answer 75

to give something such as a ticket or a passport to an official ## Footnote **surrender something to somebody** *Steir voluntarily surrendered his license to the State.*

Pathway4_1 Flashcards

(99 cards)