Pathway4_4 Flashcards

Question

**swing from something to something (**change opinions/emotions) [intransitive and transitive] ## Footnote **mood swing** **swing votes** **swing in ... favor**

Answer 1

if emotions or opinions swing, or if something swings them, they change quickly to the opposite of what they were ## Footnote * His **mood** could **swing** from joy to despair.* * Do campaign gifts **swing votes?*** * The war had begun to **swing in** Britain’s **favor.***

Answer 2

to arrange for something to happen, although it takes a lot of effort to do this: ## Footnote *We managed to **swing it** so that they will travel together.*

Answer 3

to turn around quickly, or to make something do this: ## Footnote *She swung around to face him.*

Answer 4

to visit a place or person for a short time: ## Footnote *I’ll swing by the grocery store on my way.*

Answer 5

to let liquid come out of your mouth onto your face: ## Footnote * Watch out, the baby is dribbling on your shirt!* * He was dribbling tea onto his tie.*

Answer 6

**2** [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] if a liquid dribbles somewhere, it flows in a thin irregular stream: ## Footnote *Blood from the wound dribbled down the side of his face.*

Answer 7

to move the ball along with you by short kicks, bounces, or hits in a game of football, basketball etc: ## Footnote *He was trying to dribble the ball past his opponents.*

Answer 8

to pour something out slowly in an irregular way: ## Footnote *Dribble a few drops of olive oil over the pizza.*

Answer 9

**1** **throw something** to throw something somewhere using a lot of force ## Footnote * He flung the box into the river.* * People cheered and flung their hats into the air.*

Answer 10

**2** **move something** to throw or move something roughly and carelessly: پرت کردن ## Footnote * He flung his coat over the back of a chair.* * She flung back the covers and got up.* * He flung the books aside angrily.*

Answer 11

**3** **push somebody** to push someone roughly, especially so that they fall to the ground **SYN** **throw:** ## Footnote *He grabbed her arm and flung her to the ground.*

Answer 12

**5** **say something** to say something to someone in an angry way **SYN** **throw** ## Footnote * People were flinging all sorts of accusations (اتهام) at her.* * His own words were flung back at him.*

Answer 13

to open a door or window roughly, using a lot of force: ## Footnote *The door was flung open and Selkirk entered.*

Answer 14

to put someone in prison, often without having a good reason: ## Footnote *Opposition leaders were flung into jail.*

Answer 15

to start doing something with a lot of energy: ## Footnote *After the divorce he flung himself into his work to forget her.*

Answer 16

to move suddenly towards someone in order to attack them or hold them: ## Footnote * He flung himself at her and snatched (قاپیدن) the bag.* * The children flung themselves at him, squealing (جیغ زدن) with joy.*

Answer 17

to quickly remove a piece of clothing **SYN** **tear off:** ## Footnote *He flung off his coat.*

Answer 18

to throw something, especially in a careless way without using much effort: *She tossed her coat onto the bed.* | *Can you chuck me the remote control?*

Answer 19

to throw something with a lot of force: ## Footnote *Someone hurled a brick through his window.*

Answer 20

to throw something heavy using a lot of effort: *They heaved the log into the river.*

Answer 21

to throw something high into the air over someone or something: *The police lobbed tear gas canisters over the heads of the demonstrators.*

Answer 22

a wooden frame that you put a painting on while you paint it

Answer 23

a premeditated crime or attack is planned in advance and done deliberately: با قصد قبلی ## Footnote *premeditated murder*

Answer 24

the use of words or pictures to describe ideas or actions in poems, books, films etc تصورات، شبیه سازی ## Footnote * the imagery of love* * Their dreams commonly involved complex stories with **visual imagery.***

Answer 25

a way of describing something by referring to it as something different and suggesting that it has similar qualities to that thing: *The beehive is a metaphor for human society.* استعاره

Answer 26

an expression that describes something by comparing it with something else, using the words **as** or **like** , for example ’as white as snow’: *The poet uses the simile ’soft like clay’. تشبیه و استعاره*

Answer 27

the use of words that are the opposite of what you really mean, often in order to be amusing:’*I’m so happy to hear that,’ he said, with more than a trace of irony in his voice.* ## Footnote *وارونه گویی، طنز*

Answer 28

a sudden change from a subject that is beautiful, moral, or serious to something that is ordinary, silly, or not important: *The play is too sentimental (احساساتی) and full of bathos.* تنزل از مطالب عالی به چیزهای پیش پا افتاده

Answer 29

a way of describing something by saying that it is much bigger, smaller, worse etc than it actually is – used especially to excite people’s feelings: *مبالغه* *In his speeches, he used a lot of hyperbole.* | *journalistic hyperbole*

Answer 30

the use of several words together that all begin with the same sound, in order to make a special effect, especially in poetry: *the alliteration of the’s’ sound in’sweet birds sang softly’* اوردن کلمات با صدای مترادف مثل

Answer 31

the use of words to describe ideas or actions in a way that makes the reader connect the ideas with pictures in their mind: *the use of water imagery in Fitzgerald’s novel’The Great Gatsby’* | *She uses the imagery of a bird’s song to represent eternal hope. تصاویر*

Answer 32

a question that you ask as a way of making a statement, without expecting an answer: *When he said ’how can these attitudes still exist in a civilized society?’, he was asking a rhetorical question.*

Answer 33

to imagine a particular situation or to think about something in a particular way ## Footnote *Many people can’t conceive of a dinner without meat or fish.*

Answer 34

**2** [transitive] to think of a new idea, plan etc and develop it in your mind → **conception:** ## Footnote *Scientists first conceived the idea of the atomic bomb in the 1930s.*

Answer 35

to produce a new idea, plan, method, excuse etc by thinking: *I’ve thought of an idea.* | *They’re always trying to think up new ways to improve efficiency.*

Answer 36

**3** [intransitive and transitive] to become pregnant → **conception:** ## Footnote *fertility treatment for women who have difficulty conceiving*

Answer 37

to produce a new idea, a way of dealing with something etc, especially a good one: *How did you come up with that idea?* | *Ellis came up with the solution to the problem immediately.*

Answer 38

to invent a story, song, game, excuse etc: *My mother used to make up bedtime stories for us.* | *I didn’t want to go to the class, so I decided to make up an excuse.*

Answer 39

to think of an idea or plan, especially one that seems unusual or even crazy: It can’t be easy dreaming up new advertisements all the time. | I wonder who dreamt up that idea!

Answer 40

to invent a way of doing something, especially one that is clever or complicated: تدبیر کردن ## Footnote *This system was devised as a way of measuring students’ progress.*

Answer 41

to think of a new idea, plan etc and develop it in your mind: تصور کردن، فهمیدن ## Footnote *The project was originally conceived by a Dutch businessman two years ago.*

Answer 42

if something impels you to do something, it makes you feel very strongly that you must do it مجبور کردن، وادار کردن *The lack of democracy and equality impelled the oppressed to fight for independence.*

Answer 43

to force someone to do something → **compulsion** *The law will compel employers to provide health insurance.* ## Footnote * She **felt compelled** to resign because of the scandal.* * وادار کردن*

Answer 44

to make people have a particular feeling or attitude → **compulsion: وادار کردن** ## Footnote *His performance **compelled** the audience’s **attention.***

Answer 45

to make someone do something they do not want to do. Used when people or situations make you do something: *They were beaten and forced to confess to crimes they had not committed.* | *The drought forced millions of farmers to sell their cattle.*

Answer 46

to force someone to give you money or do what you want by threatening to tell embarrassing secrets about them: *She tried to blackmail him with photographs of them together at the hotel. باج خواهی کردن*

Answer 47

to force someone to do something using official power or authority. Also used when someone has to do something because of their situation: *The town was surrounded and compelled to surrender.* | *I felt compelled to offer them some kind of explanation.* | *You are compelled by law to carry an ID card.*

Answer 48

to force someone to do something by threatening them: *Local people were coerced into joining the rebel army. به زور وادار کردن*

Answer 49

if someone is obliged to do something, they must do it because it is the law or the rule, or because of the situation they are in: *You are not obliged to say anything which may harm your defence in court.* | *They were obliged to sell the land.*

Answer 50

**1** **nail** [countable] a small nail with a sharp point and a flat top

Answer 51

**2 pin** [countable] *American English* a short pin with a large round flat top, for attaching notices to boards, walls etc

Answer 52

the way you deal with a particular situation or a method that you use to achieve something: رویه ## Footnote * If that doesn’t work, we’ll try **a different tack.*** * Rudy **changed tack** , his tone suddenly becoming friendly.*

Answer 53

**a)** [uncountable and countable] the direction that a sailing boat moves, depending on the direction of the wind and the position of its sails **b)** [countable] the action of changing the direction of a sailing boat, or the distance it travels between these changes: *a long tack into the bay*

Answer 54

**5** **horses** [uncountable] *technical* the equipment you need for riding a horse, such as a saddle etc

Answer 55

to describe something or someone in writing or speech, or to show them in a painting, picture etc: به تصویر کشیدن * a book depicting life in pre-revolutionary Russia* * The god is depicted as a bird with a human head.* — **depiction** / dɪˈpɪkʃ *ə* n / *noun* [uncountable and countable]

Answer 56

to talk or write about a person, place, event etc, in order to show what they are like: *Could you try and describe the man you saw?* | *In her book, she describes her journey across the Sahara.* | *Police described the attack as particularly violent.*

Answer 57

to describe someone or something to someone. This phrase is more commonly used than **describe** in everyday spoken English: *So, tell me about your holiday!* | *My friends have told me all about you!*

Answer 58

to describe someone or something in a piece of writing: *His stories depict life in Trinidad as seen through the eyes of a young boy.* | *In this new biography she is depicted as a lonely and unhappy woman.*

Answer 59

to describe someone or something in a particular way: *College teachers are often represented on television shows as slightly eccentric.* | *The magazine has been criticized for the way it portrays women.* | *The treatment has been portrayed as a painless way of curing cancer, which is simply not true.* | *Police have represented her as a willing participant in the crimes.*

Answer 60

to describe someone or something by emphasizing one particular quality or feature about them: *He characterized himself as’an average American’.* | *The successful schools were characterized as innovative and creative.*

Answer 61

to describe someone or something, especially in a way that makes people believe something that is not true: *Not all young people are as bad as they’re painted in the press.* | *We won, yet the media is painting it as a victory for our opponents.* | *The woman was painted as having only a slight grasp of reality.*

Answer 62

to describe a situation, so that people can get a general idea of what it is like: *Can you paint a picture of life in Japan for us?* | *My uncle’s letters generally painted a rosy picture of how things were.* | *The report painted a bleak (*غم انگیز و بدون عاقبت*) picture of the management’s failures.*

Answer 63

unusual and attractive, especially in an old-fashioned way: ## Footnote *a quaint little village in Yorkshire عجیب و جالب*

Answer 64

*technical* gregarious animals tend to live in a group **OPP** **solitary**

Answer 65

friendly and preferring to be with other people **SYN** **sociable** **OPP** **solitary اجتماعی**

Answer 66

someone who chooses to live alone, and does not like seeing or talking to other people: منزوی ## Footnote *She became a recluse after her two sons were murdered.*

Answer 67

tending to think deeply about your own thoughts, feelings, or behaviour: درون گرا ## Footnote *a shy and introspective person*

Answer 68

someone who is quiet and shy, and does not enjoy being with other people فرد درون گرا

Answer 69

someone who is introverted is quiet and shy and does not enjoy being with other people **OPP** **extrovert** , **extroverted**

Answer 70

shy and not willing to say very much

Answer 71

worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you

Answer 72

not brave or confident ترسو، خجالتی

Answer 73

not liking to express your emotions or talk about your problems

Answer 74

thinking a lot about your own interests, problems etc, and not liking to be with other people

Answer 75

quiet and not wanting to talk to other people, especially because you are unhappy

Answer 76

not liking to meet people and talk to them

Answer 77

not wanting to be with other people

Pathway4_4 Flashcards

(101 cards)