Pathway4_4 Flashcards

(101 cards)

1
Q

in a flutter noun [singular]

A

1 a feeling of being nervous, confused, or excited

هیجان و عصبانیت و گیجی

  • She was all in a flutter.*
  • His sudden resignation caused quite a flutter.*
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2
Q

feast 1 / fiːst / noun [countable]

feast day

A

4 a day or period when there is a religious celebration:

the feast day of St. Francis ضیافت مذهبی

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3
Q

grand 1 S2 W3 / ɡrænd / adjective

برای ساختمان و افراد

A

a) used in the titles of buildings or places that are big and impressive:

  • the Grand Hotel*
  • Grand Central Station*

b) used in the titles of some people who belong to the highest social class:

the Grand Duke of Baden

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4
Q

humble 1 / ˈhʌmb ə l / adjective

A

1 not considering yourself or your ideas to be as important as other people’s OPP proud فروتن

a modest and humble man

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5
Q

treacherous / ˈtretʃərəs / adjective

treacherously adverb

A

2 ground, roads, weather conditions etc. that are treacherous are particularly dangerous because you cannot see the dangers very easily: خطرناک

  • treacherous mountain roads*
  • Strong winds and loose rocks made climbing treacherous.*
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6
Q

1. dangerous

2. risky

3. hazardous / ˈhæzədəs $ -zər- / especially written

4. unsafe

5. treacherous / ˈtretʃərəs / formal literary

6. perilous / ˈperələs, ˈperɪləs / literary

7. high-risk [only before noun]

A

1. likely to cause death or serious harm, or cause something bad to happen: Snow and ice are making driving conditions very dangerous. | dangerous drugs | a dangerous criminal

2. if something is risky, something bad could easily happen or you could easily make a mistake: Doctors said it was too risky to operate. | a risky situation

3. dangerous – used especially about substances, jobs, and journeys: hazardous waste | hazardous chemicals | hazardous occupations | The expedition was extremely hazardous.

4. dangerous because someone is very likely to be hurt – used especially about places or conditions: The roads are unsafe for cyclists. | unsafe working conditions

5. places or conditions that are treacherous are very dangerous for anyone who is walking, driving, climbing etc. in them: The snow turned to ice, making conditions treacherous for walkers. | the island’s treacherous coastline | With no lighting, the roads can be treacherous.

6. a perilous journey, situation etc. is very dangerous: a perilous journey across the sea

7. a high-risk job, situation, or behavior is likely to be dangerous: Drug users need to know that sharing needles is high-risk behavior.

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7
Q

spell 2 noun [countable] /period of time/

brief/short spell

cold/wet/dry spell

A

2 a period of a particular kind of activity, weather, illness etc, usually a short period دوره

After a brief spell in the army, I returned to teaching.

spell of

  • a spell of bad luck*
  • Water the young plants carefully during dry spells.*
  • a day of* sunny spells and scattered showers
  • He began to suffer from* dizzy spells.
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8
Q

1. magic noun [uncountable]

2. witchcraft noun [uncountable]

3. spell noun [countable]

4. curse (also hex American English) noun [countable]

5. the occult

6. voodoo noun [uncountable]

A

1. the power to make impossible things happen, by saying special words or doing special actions: In the story, she uses magic to turn him into a frog. | Local people believe that he can heal wounds and illnesses using magic.

2. سحر و جادو the use of magic, usually to do bad things: Hundreds of women were accused of witchcraft in the 1600s.

3. a special set of words or actions that are used to make something happen by magic: a magic spell | An evil witch (زن جادوگر) cast a spell on him (= said a special set of words or did a special series of actions, in order to make something happen to someone by magic), turning him into a beast (عنتر).

4. something that makes someone or something have bad luck: The house seemed to have a curse on it. | People believed the pharaoh would put a curse on (= use magic to make them have bad luck) anyone who broke into the tomb. | She believed her former husband had put a hex on her.

5. اسرار آمیز mysterious powers and events that involve magic and spirits: He was very interested in the occult.

6. magical beliefs and practices used as a form of religion: a voodoo curse | In Haiti, the people still practice voodoo.

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9
Q

a flutter of something noun [singular]

A

a sudden feeling that is not very strong: حس موقتی از

She felt a flutter of curiosity.

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10
Q

feast on/upon something

A

to eat a lot of a particular food with great enjoyment: عیش و نوش کردن

We feasted on chicken and roast potatoes.

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11
Q

a grand total S2 W3 / ɡrænd / adjective

A

the final total you get when you add up several numbers or amounts جمع کل

a grand total of

You could add the $15,000 Bonus to the First Prize and win a grand total of $125,000!

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12
Q

humble 1 / ˈhʌmb ə l / adjective

humble background/origins etc.

A

2 having a low social class or position: محقر

  • He started his career as a humble peanut farmer.*
  • Iacocca rose from humble beginnings to become boss of Ford.*
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13
Q

wavelength / ˈweɪvleŋθ / noun [countable] informal

be on the same/a different wavelength

A

to have the same or different opinions and feelings as someone else:

Dad is just on a different wavelength from me.

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14
Q

fall/come/be under a spell noun [countable]

cast spell over

A

3 a power that attracts, interests, and influences you very strongly

I fell under the spell of her charm. ; an ancient city that still casts its spell over travelers

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15
Q

flutter 2 noun [singular]

A

3 a light gentle movement

flutter of ; a flutter of wings پرزدن

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16
Q

grand (old) age S2 W3 / ɡrænd / adjective

A

an age when someone is quite old:

She had reached the grand old age of 80.

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17
Q

break the spell noun [countable]

A

to make someone stop paying all their attention to something, or to make a time stop feeling special:

He lay still, not wanting to break the spell. بس کنه دیگه

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18
Q

feast your eyes on somebody/something

A

to look at someone or something with great pleasure:

If you like luxury cars, feast your eyes on these.

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19
Q

the grand Old Man of something S2 W3 / ɡrænd / adjective

A

a man who has been involved in an activity or a profession for a long time and is highly respected:

the grand Old Man of British theatre

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20
Q

humble / ˈhʌmb ə l / adjective 5 [only before noun]

A

simple and ordinary, but useful or effective: ساده و معمولی

The humble potato may be the key to feeding the world’s population.

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21
Q

frenetic / frəˈnetɪk, frɪˈnetɪk / adjective

A

frenetic activity is fast and not very organized SYN frantic:

She rushes from job to job at a frenetic pace (سرعت).

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22
Q

spontaneous / spɒnˈteɪniəs $ spɑːn- / adjective

در مورد وقایع/ در مورد آدمها

spontaneously adverb:

She laughed spontaneously.

spontaneity / ˌspɒntˈniːəti, ˌspɒntˈniːɪti, -ˈneɪəti $ ˌspɑːn- / noun [uncountable]

A

1 something that is spontaneous has not been planned or organized, but happens by itself, or because you suddenly feel you want to do it: یک دفعه ای

The crowd gave a spontaneous cheer.; My spontaneous reaction was to run away.

2 someone who is spontaneous does things without planning them first – used to show approval

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23
Q

swing 1 W3 / swɪŋ / verb ( past tense and past participle swung / swʌŋ / ) 1 move from a fixed point [intransitive and transitive]

A

to make regular movements forwards and backwards or from one side to another while hanging from a particular point, or to make something do this: تاب خوردن

  • Let your arms swing as you walk.*
  • a sign swinging in the wind*
  • He was swinging his bag back and forth.*
  • She swung her legs from side to side.*
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24
Q

swing something by something

A

He marched around, swinging the gun by its handle.

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25
**swing from something to something (**change opinions/emotions) [intransitive and transitive] ## Footnote **mood swing** **swing votes** **swing in ... favor**
if emotions or opinions swing, or if something swings them, they change quickly to the opposite of what they were ## Footnote * His **mood** could **swing** from joy to despair.* * Do campaign gifts **swing votes?*** * The war had begun to **swing in** Britain’s **favor.***
26
**swing** **1** **W3** / swɪŋ / *verb* ( *past tense and past participle* **swung** / swʌŋ / ) **arrange something** [transitive] *spoken*
to arrange for something to happen, although it takes a lot of effort to do this: ## Footnote *We managed to **swing it** so that they will travel together.*
27
**swing around/round** *phrasal verb*
to turn around quickly, or to make something do this: ## Footnote *She swung around to face him.*
28
**swing by** *phrasal verb* *American English informal* ## Footnote **swing by (something)**
to visit a place or person for a short time: ## Footnote *I’ll swing by the grocery store on my way.*
29
**drib****‧****ble** **1** / ˈdrɪb *ə* l / *verb* [intransitive and transitive] در ارتباط با دهان
to let liquid come out of your mouth onto your face: ## Footnote * Watch out, the baby is dribbling on your shirt!* * He was dribbling tea onto his tie.*
30
**drib****‧****ble** **1** / ˈdrɪb *ə* l / *verb* در ارتباط با مایع
**2** [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] if a liquid dribbles somewhere, it flows in a thin irregular stream: ## Footnote *Blood from the wound dribbled down the side of his face.*
31
**drib****‧****ble** **1** / ˈdrɪb *ə* l / *verb* 3 [intransitive and transitive] در ارتباط با توپ
to move the ball along with you by short kicks, bounces, or hits in a game of football, basketball etc: ## Footnote *He was trying to dribble the ball past his opponents.*
32
**drib****‧****ble** **1** / ˈdrɪb *ə* l / *verb* 5 [transitive always + adverb/preposition]در ارتباط با ریختن چیزی
to pour something out slowly in an irregular way: ## Footnote *Dribble a few drops of olive oil over the pizza.*
33
**fling** **1** / flɪŋ / *verb* ( *past tense and past participle* **flung** / flʌŋ / ) [transitive always + adverb/preposition] ## Footnote **fling something into something**
**1** **throw something** to throw something somewhere using a lot of force ## Footnote * He flung the box into the river.* * People cheered and flung their hats into the air.*
34
**fling** **1** / flɪŋ / *verb* ( *past tense and past participle* **flung** / flʌŋ / ) [transitive always + adverb/preposition] در ارتباط با حرکت دادن
**2** **move something** to throw or move something roughly and carelessly: پرت کردن ## Footnote * He flung his coat over the back of a chair.* * She flung back the covers and got up.* * He flung the books aside angrily.*
35
**fling** **1** / flɪŋ / *verb* ( *past tense and past participle* **flung** / flʌŋ / ) [transitive always + adverb/preposition] در ارتباط با حول دادن
**3** **push somebody** to push someone roughly, especially so that they fall to the ground **SYN** **throw:** ## Footnote *He grabbed her arm and flung her to the ground.*
36
**fling 1 / flɪŋ / *verb* ( *past tense and past participle* flung / flʌŋ / ) [transitive always + adverb/preposition]** **fling something at somebody** **در ارتباط با سخن گفتن**
**5** **say something** to say something to someone in an angry way **SYN** **throw** ## Footnote * People were flinging all sorts of accusations (اتهام) at her.* * His own words were flung back at him.*
37
**fling something open**
to open a door or window roughly, using a lot of force: ## Footnote *The door was flung open and Selkirk entered.*
38
**fling somebody in/into prison/jail**
to put someone in prison, often without having a good reason: ## Footnote *Opposition leaders were flung into jail.*
39
**fling yourself into something**
to start doing something with a lot of energy: ## Footnote *After the divorce he flung himself into his work to forget her.*
40
**fling yourself at somebody**
to move suddenly towards someone in order to attack them or hold them: ## Footnote * He flung himself at her and snatched (قاپیدن) the bag.* * The children flung themselves at him, squealing (جیغ زدن) with joy.*
41
**fling something** **↔** **off** *phrasal verb*
to quickly remove a piece of clothing **SYN** **tear off:** ## Footnote *He flung off his coat.*
42
**toss** ( *also* **chuck** ) / tɒs $ tɒːs / *informal*
to throw something, especially in a careless way without using much effort: *She tossed her coat onto the bed.* | *Can you chuck me the remote control?*
43
**hurl**
to throw something with a lot of force: ## Footnote *Someone hurled a brick through his window.*
44
**heave** / hiːv /
to throw something heavy using a lot of effort: *They heaved the log into the river.*
45
lob
to throw something high into the air over someone or something: *The police lobbed tear gas canisters over the heads of the demonstrators.*
46
**ea****‧****sel** / ˈiːz *ə* l / *noun* [countable]
a wooden frame that you put a painting on while you paint it
47
**pre****‧****med****‧****i****‧****tat****‧****ed** / priːˈmedəteɪtəd, priːˈmedɪteɪtəd $ prɪ- / *adjective*
a premeditated crime or attack is planned in advance and done deliberately: با قصد قبلی ## Footnote *premeditated murder*
48
**im****‧****ag****‧****e****‧****ry** **AC** / ˈɪmɪdʒ *ə* ri / *noun* [uncountable] ## Footnote **imagery of**
the use of words or pictures to describe ideas or actions in poems, books, films etc تصورات، شبیه سازی ## Footnote * the imagery of love* * Their dreams commonly involved complex stories with **visual imagery.***
49
**metaphor**
a way of describing something by referring to it as something different and suggesting that it has similar qualities to that thing: *The beehive is a metaphor for human society.* استعاره
50
**sim‧i‧le / ˈsɪməli, ˈsɪmɪli / noun**
an expression that describes something by comparing it with something else, using the words **as** or **like** , for example ’as white as snow’: *The poet uses the simile ’soft like clay’. تشبیه و استعاره*
51
**irony n.**
the use of words that are the opposite of what you really mean, often in order to be amusing:’*I’m so happy to hear that,’ he said, with more than a trace of irony in his voice.* ## Footnote *وارونه گویی، طنز*
52
**bathos**
a sudden change from a subject that is beautiful, moral, or serious to something that is ordinary, silly, or not important: *The play is too sentimental (احساساتی) and full of bathos.* تنزل از مطالب عالی به چیزهای پیش پا افتاده
53
**hyperbole**
a way of describing something by saying that it is much bigger, smaller, worse etc than it actually is – used especially to excite people’s feelings: *مبالغه* *In his speeches, he used a lot of hyperbole.* | *journalistic hyperbole*
54
**alliteration**
the use of several words together that all begin with the same sound, in order to make a special effect, especially in poetry: *the alliteration of the’s’ sound in’sweet birds sang softly’* اوردن کلمات با صدای مترادف مثل
55
**imagery**
the use of words to describe ideas or actions in a way that makes the reader connect the ideas with pictures in their mind: *the use of water imagery in Fitzgerald’s novel’The Great Gatsby’* | *She uses the imagery of a bird’s song to represent eternal hope. تصاویر*
56
**rhetorical question**
a question that you ask as a way of making a statement, without expecting an answer: *When he said ’how can these attitudes still exist in a civilized society?’, he was asking a rhetorical question.*
57
**con‧ceive AC / kənˈsiːv / verb** [intransitive and transitive] formal در ارتباط با تصو رکردن ## Footnote **(cannot) conceive of (doing) something**
to imagine a particular situation or to think about something in a particular way ## Footnote *Many people can’t conceive of a dinner without meat or fish.*
58
**con‧ceive AC / kənˈsiːv / verb** [intransitive and transitive] formal در ارتباط با فکر کردن
**2** [transitive] to think of a new idea, plan etc and develop it in your mind → **conception:** ## Footnote *Scientists first conceived the idea of the atomic bomb in the 1930s.*
59
**think of something/think up something**
to produce a new idea, plan, method, excuse etc by thinking: *I’ve thought of an idea.* | *They’re always trying to think up new ways to improve efficiency.*
60
**con‧ceive AC / kənˈsiːv / verb** [intransitive and transitive] formal در ارتباط با زایمان
**3** [intransitive and transitive] to become pregnant → **conception:** ## Footnote *fertility treatment for women who have difficulty conceiving*
61
**come up with something**
to produce a new idea, a way of dealing with something etc, especially a good one: *How did you come up with that idea?* | *Ellis came up with the solution to the problem immediately.*
62
**make something up**
to invent a story, song, game, excuse etc: *My mother used to make up bedtime stories for us.* | *I didn’t want to go to the class, so I decided to make up an excuse.*
63
**dream something up**
to think of an idea or plan, especially one that seems unusual or even crazy: It can’t be easy dreaming up new advertisements all the time. | I wonder who dreamt up that idea!
64
**devise** *formal*
to invent a way of doing something, especially one that is clever or complicated: تدبیر کردن ## Footnote *This system was devised as a way of measuring students’ progress.*
65
**conceive** *formal*
to think of a new idea, plan etc and develop it in your mind: تصور کردن، فهمیدن ## Footnote *The project was originally conceived by a Dutch businessman two years ago.*
66
**im****‧****pel** / ɪmˈpel / *verb* ( *past tense and past participle* **impelled** , *present participle* **impelling** ) [transitive] *formal* **impel somebody to do something**
if something impels you to do something, it makes you feel very strongly that you must do it مجبور کردن، وادار کردن *The lack of democracy and equality impelled the oppressed to fight for independence.*
67
**com****‧****pel** / kəmˈpel / *verb* ( *past tense and past participle* **compelled** , *present participle* **compelling** ) [transitive] ## Footnote **compel somebody to do something**
to force someone to do something → **compulsion** *The law will compel employers to provide health insurance.* ## Footnote * She **felt compelled** to resign because of the scandal.* * وادار کردن*
68
**com****‧****pel** / kəmˈpel / *verb* ( *past tense and past participle* **compelled** , *present participle* **compelling** ) [transitive] *formal*
to make people have a particular feeling or attitude → **compulsion: وادار کردن** ## Footnote *His performance **compelled** the audience’s **attention.***
69
**force**
to make someone do something they do not want to do. Used when people or situations make you do something: *They were beaten and forced to confess to crimes they had not committed.* | *The drought forced millions of farmers to sell their cattle.*
70
**blackmail**
to force someone to give you money or do what you want by threatening to tell embarrassing secrets about them: *She tried to blackmail him with photographs of them together at the hotel. باج خواهی کردن*
71
**compel** [usually passive] *formal*
to force someone to do something using official power or authority. Also used when someone has to do something because of their situation: *The town was surrounded and compelled to surrender.* | *I felt compelled to offer them some kind of explanation.* | *You are compelled by law to carry an ID card.*
72
**coerce** / kəʊˈɜːs $ ˈkoʊɜːrs / *formal*
to force someone to do something by threatening them: *Local people were coerced into joining the rebel army. به زور وادار کردن*
73
**be obliged to do something** *formal*
if someone is obliged to do something, they must do it because it is the law or the rule, or because of the situation they are in: *You are not obliged to say anything which may harm your defence in court.* | *They were obliged to sell the land.*
74
**tack** **1** / tæk / *noun*
**1** **nail** [countable] a small nail with a sharp point and a flat top
75
**tack** **1** / tæk / *noun*
**2 pin** [countable] *American English* a short pin with a large round flat top, for attaching notices to boards, walls etc
76
**tack** **1** / tæk / *noun* **(way of doing something)** [uncountable and countable]
the way you deal with a particular situation or a method that you use to achieve something: رویه ## Footnote * If that doesn’t work, we’ll try **a different tack.*** * Rudy **changed tack** , his tone suddenly becoming friendly.*
77
**tack** **1** / tæk / *noun (ship)*
**a)** [uncountable and countable] the direction that a sailing boat moves, depending on the direction of the wind and the position of its sails **b)** [countable] the action of changing the direction of a sailing boat, or the distance it travels between these changes: *a long tack into the bay*
78
**tack** **1** / tæk / *noun* ## Footnote **در ارتباط با اسب**
**5** **horses** [uncountable] *technical* the equipment you need for riding a horse, such as a saddle etc
79
**de****‧****pict** / dɪˈpɪkt / *verb* [transitive] *formal* ## Footnote **depict somebody/something as something**
to describe something or someone in writing or speech, or to show them in a painting, picture etc: به تصویر کشیدن * a book depicting life in pre-revolutionary Russia* * The god is depicted as a bird with a human head.* — **depiction** / dɪˈpɪkʃ *ə* n / *noun* [uncountable and countable]
80
**describe**
to talk or write about a person, place, event etc, in order to show what they are like: *Could you try and describe the man you saw?* | *In her book, she describes her journey across the Sahara.* | *Police described the attack as particularly violent.*
81
**tell somebody about somebody/something**
to describe someone or something to someone. This phrase is more commonly used than **describe** in everyday spoken English: *So, tell me about your holiday!* | *My friends have told me all about you!*
82
**depict** *formal*
to describe someone or something in a piece of writing: *His stories depict life in Trinidad as seen through the eyes of a young boy.* | *In this new biography she is depicted as a lonely and unhappy woman.*
83
**portray/represent** *formal*
to describe someone or something in a particular way: *College teachers are often represented on television shows as slightly eccentric.* | *The magazine has been criticized for the way it portrays women.* | *The treatment has been portrayed as a painless way of curing cancer, which is simply not true.* | *Police have represented her as a willing participant in the crimes.*
84
**characterize somebody/something as something** *formal*
to describe someone or something by emphasizing one particular quality or feature about them: *He characterized himself as’an average American’.* | *The successful schools were characterized as innovative and creative.*
85
**paint somebody/something as something**
to describe someone or something, especially in a way that makes people believe something that is not true: *Not all young people are as bad as they’re painted in the press.* | *We won, yet the media is painting it as a victory for our opponents.* | *The woman was painted as having only a slight grasp of reality.*
86
**paint a picture**
to describe a situation, so that people can get a general idea of what it is like: *Can you paint a picture of life in Japan for us?* | *My uncle’s letters generally painted a rosy picture of how things were.* | *The report painted a bleak (*غم انگیز و بدون عاقبت*) picture of the management’s failures.*
87
**quaint** / kweɪnt / *adjective*
unusual and attractive, especially in an old-fashioned way: ## Footnote *a quaint little village in Yorkshire عجیب و جالب*
88
**gre****‧****gar****‧****i****‧****ous** / ɡrɪˈɡeriəs / *adjective* — **gregariously** *adverb* — **gregariousness** *noun* [uncountable]
*technical* gregarious animals tend to live in a group **OPP** **solitary**
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**gre****‧****gar****‧****i****‧****ous** / ɡrɪˈɡeriəs / *adjective*
friendly and preferring to be with other people **SYN** **sociable** **OPP** **solitary اجتماعی**
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**re****‧****cluse** / rɪˈkluːs $ ˈrekluːs / *noun* [countable] — **reclusive** / rɪˈkluːsɪv / *adjective*
someone who chooses to live alone, and does not like seeing or talking to other people: منزوی ## Footnote *She became a recluse after her two sons were murdered.*
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**in****‧****tro****‧****spec****‧****tive** / ˌɪntrəˈspektɪv◂ / *adjective* — **introspectively** *adverb*
tending to think deeply about your own thoughts, feelings, or behaviour: درون گرا ## Footnote *a shy and introspective person*
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**in****‧****tro****‧****vert** / ˈɪntrəvɜːt $ -ɜːrt / *noun* [countable] **OPP** **extrovert**
someone who is quiet and shy, and does not enjoy being with other people فرد درون گرا
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**in****‧****tro****‧****vert****‧****ed** / ˈɪntrəvɜːtəd, ˈɪntrəvɜːtɪd $ -ɜːr- / *adjective* — **introversion** / ˌɪntrəˈvɜːʃ *ə* n $ -ˈvɜːrʒ *ə* n / *noun* [uncountable]
someone who is introverted is quiet and shy and does not enjoy being with other people **OPP** **extrovert** , **extroverted**
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**bashful**
shy and not willing to say very much
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**self-conscious**
worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you
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**timid**
not brave or confident ترسو، خجالتی
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reserved
not liking to express your emotions or talk about your problems
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**introverted**
thinking a lot about your own interests, problems etc, and not liking to be with other people
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**withdrawn**
quiet and not wanting to talk to other people, especially because you are unhappy
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antisocial
not liking to meet people and talk to them
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**retiring** *formal*
not wanting to be with other people