Pathway4_3 Flashcards

Question

**con****‧****demn** / kənˈdem / *verb* [transitive] ## Footnote **condemn somebody to (do) something**

Answer 1

**3** **force to do something** if a particular situation **condemns** someone to something, it forces them to live in an unpleasant way or to do something unpleasant people condemned to a life of poverty ; His occupation condemned him to spend long periods of time away from his family.

Answer 2

**1** having a strong influence or effect **; عمیق** ## Footnote *Tolstoy’s experiences of war had a profound effect on his work. The mother’s behaviour has a profound impact on the developing child. ; profound changes in society*

Answer 3

**1** extremely attractive or beautiful: * You look absolutely* stunning *in that dress.* * a* stunning *view*

Answer 4

**1** [sentence adverb] used when talking about a situation in which the opposite of what you expected happens or is true: ## Footnote *ironically, his cold got better on the last day of his holiday.*

Answer 5

**1** winding like a snake: مارپیچ ## Footnote *the serpentine course of the river*

Answer 6

to state officially that something is not safe enough to be used: *an old house that had been condemned* ## Footnote **condemn something as something** *The pool was closed after being condemned as a health hazard.*

Answer 7

**2** if a place, event, sound etc. is atmospheric, it gives you a particular feeling, especially a pleasant or mysterious one: ## Footnote * the atmospheric decor in the restaurant* * atmospheric music*

Answer 8

**2** showing strong serious feelings **SYN** **deep:** *a* ***profound sense of*** *guilt*

Answer 9

**2** very surprising or shocking **SYN** **staggering:** ## Footnote *stunning news*

Answer 10

**1** unusual or interesting enough to be easily noticed (قابل توجه) ## Footnote *a striking contrast between wealth and poverty*

Answer 11

**1** the most exciting or important part of a story or experience, which usually comes near the end **climax of ;** *the climax of his naval career* **climax to ;** *a thrilling climax to the game ; The festival* ***reaches*** *its **climax*** *with the traditional boat-burning ceremony.*

Answer 12

**3** showing great knowledge and understanding **SYN** **deep:** ## Footnote * a profound question* * Jenner is a profound thinker.*

Answer 13

**2** in a way that shows you really mean the opposite of what you are saying: ## Footnote *‘Oh, no problem!’ said Terry, ironically.*

Answer 14

**2** complicated and difficult to understand: ## Footnote *a serpentine plot*

Answer 15

**2** attractive in an unusual way that is easy to notice: ## Footnote *a dark man with striking features*

Answer 16

**2** an orgasm

Answer 17

a natural tendency to behave in a particular way or a natural ability to know something, which is not learned **(****غریزه****)** **instinct for ;** *Animals have a* ***natural instinct*** *for survival.* **instinct to do something ;** *the human instinct to form relationships* **by instinct;** *Birds build nests by instinct.* **sexual/maternal/survival instinct ;** *Her* ***instinct told*** *her that something was wrong.* **sb’s first instinct** (= what someone feels like doing first when something happens) ; *His first instinct was to rush back to Isobel.*

Answer 18

a small change or difference between points on a scale: ## Footnote *There are many gradations of colour between light and dark blue.*

Answer 19

**4** deep or far below the surface of something **SYN** **deep:** ## Footnote *Her work touches something profound in the human psyche.*

Answer 20

not working because of being on strike: اعنصاب کننده stri*king auto workers*

Answer 21

**1** extremely painful **SYN** **painful:** بسیار دردناک ## Footnote *When I bend my arm, the pain is excruciating.*

Answer 22

extremely happy and excited, especially because of something that has happened or is going to happen **OPP** **depressed:** سر خوش و سرحال *He* ***felt elated*** *and mildly drunk.* **elated at/by ;** *She was elated at the prospect of a holiday.*

Answer 23

**1** if something repels you, it is so unpleasant that you do not want to be near it, or it makes you feel ill پس زدن ## Footnote *The smell repelled him.*

Answer 24

**a)** a small coloured stick for drawing pictures with, made of a substance like chalk **b)** a picture drawn with pastels

Answer 25

**1.** used about a colour that is not dark: *a* light *blue sweater* | *His T-shirt was* light *green.* **2.** used about a colour that is very light: *He has very* pale *blue eyes.* **3.** used about a colour that is light in a way that is attractive because it is not too obvious: *She wears* soft *colours such as cream, which match her complexion.* **4.** used about a colour that has a lot of white in it: *The girls wore* pastel *pink sundresses.*

Answer 26

to shake slightly because you are cold or frightened **SYN** **tremble:** *Jake stood shivering in the cold air.* ## Footnote *She shivered with fear and anger.*

Answer 27

**5** complete: ## Footnote *profound deafness*

Answer 28

**2** if something is excruciating, it is extremely unpleasant, for example because it is boring or embarrassing **SYN** **agonizing:** افتضاح ## Footnote *Helen described the events of the night before in excrutiating detail.*

Answer 29

**1.** **shake** if a person or part of their body shakes, they make small sudden continuous movements from side to side or up and down, especially because they are very frightened, cold, ill etc: *Suddenly he started to shake. ‘Don’t ever scare me like that again!’ he whispered.* | *The poor girl was shakeing.* **2. shudder** to shake for a short time, especially because you think of something very unpleasant, or because you feel frightened or cold: *Corbett shuddered when he thought of what might have happened to them.* | *I shuddered when I read the article.* | *He was still shuddering with the cold.* | *She clung to (چسبید به) him, shuddering with emotion.* **3. tremble** to shake slightly in a way that you cannot control, especially because you are frightened, worried, or angry: *Ernest opened the letter in silence, his hands trembleing.* | *Her whole body trembled with fear.* | *He hadn’t dared to move. He was trembleing with shock.* | *‘I won’t be coming back,’ she said, her body trembleing with anger.* **4. shiver** to shake slightly, especially only a few times, because you are cold or frightened: *She shivered, pulling her coat closer around herself.* | *You make me* shiver *when you talk like that.*

Answer 30

**1** to make a signal to someone with your hand, to show that you want them to come towards you or to follow you: *I could see my husband beckoning me.* ## Footnote * She beckoned to the waitress to bring more wine.* * He beckoned us over and introduced us to his wife.*

Answer 31

the art of arranging how dancers should move during a performance

Answer 32

**1** if a bird or insect flutters, or if it flutters its wings, it flies by moving its wings lightly up and down: ## Footnote *A small bird fluttered past the window.*

Answer 33

typical of painters or painting: ## Footnote *painterly images*

Answer 34

**2** [transitive] to make someone who is attacking you go away, by fighting them: پس زدن ## Footnote *The army was ready to repel an attack.*

Answer 35

**2** a light colour such as pale blue or pink: *a room beautifully furnished in* ***soft pastels***

Answer 36

**2** if something such as a place or opportunity beckons, it appears so attractive that you want to have it: چشمک زدن ## Footnote *A career in the film industry beckoned.*

Answer 37

**2** to make small gentle movements in the air: ## Footnote * Dead leaves fluttered slowly to the ground.* * The flag fluttered in the light breeze.*

Answer 38

**1** a small hard raised part on someone’s skin

Answer 39

**1.** **blemish** a mark on your skin that spoils its appearance: *John grew a beard (ریش گذاشتن) to hide the blemishes on his chin. عیب ظاهری* **2.** **mole** a small dark, sometimes raised, mark on your skin: *Some moles may become cancerous.* | *Helena found a mole on her arm which had definitely not been there before.* خال **3.** **freckles** small light brown marks on your skin, especially on your face but also on your arms, shoulders etc: *She had a light sprinkling of* freckles *across her nose. کک و مک* **4.** **birthmark** a permanent mark on your skin that you have had since you were born: *There was a small* birthmark *on her left cheek. علامت ماه گرفتگی* **5. bruise** a purple or brown mark on your skin that you get because you have fallen or been hit: *Her legs were covered in cuts and* bruise*s. کبودی*

Answer 40

**1** able to express your ideas and opinions well, especially in a way that influences people: شیوا و خوش سخن ## Footnote *an eloquent appeal (درخواست) for support*

Answer 41

**1.** **talkative** a talkative person likes to talk a lot – also used about people’s moods: *He’s very talkative with his friends and family.* | *Benjamin was in a talkative mood.* **2.** **chatty** liking to talk a lot in a friendly way – a rather informal use: *I like her – she’s always cheerful and chatty.* | *The chatty girl on the phone answered most of my questions.* **3.** **articulate** able to talk easily and effectively about things, especially difficult subjects: *All the applicants we interviewed were intelligent and articulate.* | *These were articulate people, well able to deal with the press and media.* **4.** **eloquent** able to express your ideas and opinions well – used especially about people who speak in public and are able to influence people: *an eloquent public speaker*

Answer 42

**1** to give a particular quality to something بهره مند کردن ## Footnote *Use a piece of fresh ginger to impart a Far-Eastern flavour to simple ingredients.*

Answer 43

**1** something that is sublime is so good or beautiful that it affects you deeply: عالی مقام، بی نظیر ## Footnote * The view was sublime.* * Her songs are a sublime fusion (ترکیب) of pop and Brazilian music.*

Answer 44

to make a subject that seems difficult or complicated easier to understand, especially by explaining it in simpler language: رفع ابهام نمودن، ساده کردن ## Footnote *This book demystifies the male worlds of plumbing and carpentry.*

Answer 45

**3** to keep something or someone away from you: ## Footnote *a lotion that repels mosquitoes*

Answer 46

**3** if something beckons for someone, it will probably happen to them ## Footnote **beckon for** *Early retirement beckoned for George.*

Answer 47

**3** if your heart or your stomach flutters, you feel very excited or nervous

Answer 48

including all the faults or unpleasant things: ## Footnote *Well, you married him – warts and all.*

Answer 49

**2** showing a feeling or meaning without using words: شیوا ## Footnote *The photographs are an eloquent reminder of the horrors of war.*

Answer 50

**2** used to describe feelings or behaviour that are very great or extreme, especially when someone seems not to notice what is happening around them: ## Footnote *an air of sublime contentment (قناعت)*

Answer 51

a strong feeling of wanting something or someone: *She looked back with longing on the good old days. اشتیاق و عطش* **longing for ;** *His heart was filled with longing for Cynthia.* **longing to ;** *She felt a longing to throw herself into his arms.*

Answer 52

**1** a large meal where a lot of people celebrate a special occasion * a* ***wedding feast*** * The king promised to* ***hold*** *a great* ***feast*** *for all his people.*

Answer 53

**1** big and very impressive **OPP** **humble:** ## Footnote * a grand country house* * The party was a grand affair.* * New Yorkers build on a grand scale.*

Answer 54

the art, beliefs, behaviour etc. of people who are against the usual or accepted behaviour, art etc. of society: ## Footnote *the counterculture revolution of the late 1960s*

Answer 55

if you are humbled, you realize that you are not as important, good, kind etc. as you thought you were: ## Footnote *You can’t help but be humbled when you enter this cathedral.*

Answer 56

**1** relating to the performing of plays: تئاتری ## Footnote *a Polish theatrical company*

Answer 57

**4** if two things repel each other, they push each other away with an electrical force **OPP** **attract:** دفع کردن ## Footnote *Two positive charges repel each other*

Answer 58

**4** if your eyelids flutter, they move slightly when you are asleep: ## Footnote *Her eyelids fluttered but did not open.*

Answer 59

**2** to give information, knowledge, wisdom etc. to someone: ## Footnote *She had information that she couldn’t wait to impart.*

Answer 60

to help someone to get from one place to another, especially by showing them the way * He ushered her into the room.* * She stood back and ushered him in.* to cause something new to start, or to be at the start of something new: *The discovery of oil ushered in an era of employment and prosperity.*

Answer 61

**2** a very good large meal: *all the ingredients for a spaghetti feast* **midnight feast** (= a meal eaten secretly at night by children)

Answer 62

**2** aiming or intended to achieve something impressive: هدفمند ## Footnote * Henry Luce had a grand design for America’s future.* * The company’s grand ambition was to become the first and biggest global airline.*

Answer 63

**2** to easily defeat someone who is much stronger than you are: شکست دادن قویها به راحتی ## Footnote *The mighty U.S. army was humbled by a small Southeast Asian country.*

Answer 64

**2** behaving in a loud or very noticeable way that is intended to get people’s attention: ## Footnote *She gave a theatrical sigh (آه).*

Answer 65

**1** someone who is treacherous cannot be trusted because they are not loyal and secretly intend to harm you: خائن ## Footnote * a sly (موذی) and treacherous woman* * a treacherous plot (نقشه) to overthrow (سرنگونی و منقرض کردن) the leader*

Answer 66

**1** a piece of magic that someone does, or the special words or ceremonies used in doing it: *a* ***magic spell*** **put/cast a spell on somebody** (= do a piece of magic to change someone) *The kiss of the prince* ***broke*** *the* ***spell*** (= stopped the magic from working). **be under a spell** *The whole town seemed to be under a spell.*

Answer 67

if a woman flutters her eyelashes at a man, she looks at him and moves her eyes to make herself attractive to him

Answer 68

**1** having clear ideas of what the world should be like in the future: عملی و واقعی ## Footnote *Under his visionary leadership, the city prospered (رونق یافتن).*

Answer 69

**3** an occasion when there are a lot of enjoyable things to see or do جشن **feast for** * Next week’s film festival should be a real feast for cinema-goers.* * The play is also a* ***visual feast.***

Answer 70

**3** important and rich: ## Footnote * He looked very grand in his ceremonial uniform.* * the grand end of West Avenue*

Answer 71

to show that you are not too proud to ask for something, admit you are wrong etc: ## Footnote *I knew he had humbled himself to ask for my help.*

Answer 72

**1.** **modest** **(فروتن و متواضع)** not wanting to talk about your abilities or achievements and to say that you are good at something, even when you are – used to show approval: *Miller, a quiet, modest man, gave credit to Asher for the initial discovery.* | *She was surprisingly modest about her own achievements as a player.* **2. self-effacing (سرش به کار خودش باشه)** not wanting to talk about yourself or to attract attention: *Her husband was a quiet, self-effacing man who spent much of his time in his study.* **3.** **unassuming** **(**بی ادعا**)** not wanting to be noticed and not expecting to be treated in a special way: *By now Chapman was famous, but he remained as unassuming as ever.* | *He then began, in typically* unassuming *fashion, to establish the first modern dance company.* **4.** **humble (**فروتن، متواضع**)** believing that you are not more important, better, or cleverer than other people, and therefore not expecting to be treated in a special way: *A good leader is humble enough to get advice from experts.* **5.** **unpretentious (**فروتن، متواضع**)** not trying to seem better than other people, even if you are rich, famous, clever etc: *President Eisenhower was a friendly and unpretentious man who seemed to embody (مجسم کردن) American virtues.* | *It's his unpretentious boyish charm that ensures (تضمین کردن) Jackie Chan's position as one of the giants of international cinema.* **6.** **self-deprecating (کاراشو کوچیک نشون بده)** behaving or talking about your own abilities or achievements in a way that makes them seem unimportant: *Despite his intellect (عقل و شعور), he had an appealing (جذاب) self-deprecating humor.* | *The nice thing about him is his self-deprecating manner. His intellectual (خردمندانه، دارای افکار بلند) ability was never pushed at you, yet he obviously had great potential.* | *a self-deprecating smile*

Answer 73

barbed wire

Answer 74

to criticize someone or something, especially by giving detailed reasons for this: *The report was highly critical of the police investigation.* | *The press have been critical of his leadership style.*

Answer 75

to criticize someone or something very strongly, especially publicly in the newspapers, on TV etc: ## Footnote *They attacked the government’s decision to undertake nuclear weapons tests.*

Answer 76

to criticize someone very strongly for something they have done, especially by shouting at them: ## Footnote *He started laying one of his staff for being late.*

Answer 77

to find a lot of things wrong with someone’s arguments or ideas and make them seem very weak: ## Footnote *The prosecution (پیگرد قانونی) will tear to shreds.*

Answer 78

to strongly criticize a film, play etc. in the newspapers, on TV etc: ## Footnote *Her first movie was panned by the critics.*

Answer 79

to be strongly criticized by a lot of people in the newspapers, on TV etc: ## Footnote *He was pilloried in the right-wing press.*

Answer 80

to say very strongly in public that you do not approve of something or someone, especially because you think they are morally wrong: ## Footnote *Politicians were quick to condemn the bombing.*

Answer 81

**5. fleeting** lasting only for an extremely short time – used especially when someone wishes that something had been able to last for longer: زودگذر *a* fleeting *visit* | *a* fleeting *smile* | *She caught a* fleeting *glimpse of him.* | *a* fleeting *moment of happiness* | *a* fleeting *thought* **6. momentary** lasting for a very short time – used especially about feelings or pauses: زودگذر *There was a* momentary *pause in the conversation.* | *The* momentary *panic ended when he found his two-year-old son waiting happily outside the store.* **7. passing** lasting only for a short time – used especially when people are only interested in something or mention something for a short time: زودگذر passing *fashions* | *He made only a* passing *reference to war.* | *It’s just* ***a* passing *phase*** (= it will end soon). ***8.*** **ephemeral** lasting only for a short time, and ending quickly like everything else in this world: زودگذر *Beauty is* ephemeral*.* | *the* ephemeral *nature of our existence* | *His wealth proved to be* ephemeral*.*

Answer 82

***5.*** **quiver** to shake slightly and continuously because you are very worried or excited – used especially about someone’s lips, mouth, or body: لرزیدن *Her bottom lip began to quiver, and she turned away to hide her tears.* | *Alice’s eyes began to fill with tears and her mouth quivered. ‘I 'm going away,’ she said.* **6. wobble** to move unsteadily from side to side: تلوتلو خوردن *Mrs Hamilton wobbled precariously on her high heels.* **7. rock** to move gently backwards and forwards or from side to side: جنبیدن *He rocked to and fro (پس و پیش) in his chair.*

Answer 83

**6. scar** a permanent mark on your skin, caused by a cut or by something that burns you: *The injury left a small scar on his forehead.* **7. pimple (zit is informal of pimple)** a small raised red mark or lump (توده) on your skin, which usually appears when a child is between 12 and 18 years old: جوش ریز رو صورت *When I was a teenager I had terrible pimples.* | *The boy had a few zits under his chin. a pimply 18-year-old boy* **8. wart** a small hard raised mark on your skin caused by a virus: زگیل *His face was covered in hairy warts.* **9. blister** a small area of skin that is swollen and full of liquid because it has been rubbed or burned: تاول *There was a blister on his arm where the boiling milk had splashed him.* **10. rash** an area of small red spots on your skin, caused by an illness or an allergy: سرخی برای بیماری یا حساسیت *I can’t eat strawberries - they give me a rash.*

Answer 84

***5.*** **garrulous** talking a lot, especially about unimportant things: پر حرف *A garrulous old man was sitting near me in the bar.* | *He became more garrulous as the evening went on.* **6. you can’t shut him/her up** used to say humorously that someone talks all the time: *You can’t shut him up so I never get any work done when he’s here.* ***7.*** **chatterbox** someone, especially a child, who talks a lot: پرحرف و روده دراز *Cathy’s a real chatterbox.*

Pathway4_3 Flashcards

(108 cards)