400Word_12 Flashcards
(99 cards)
in‧tem‧per‧ate / ɪnˈtemp ə rət, ɪnˈtemp ə rɪt / adjective formal
— intemperance noun [uncountable]
1 intemperate language or behaviour shows a lack of control, which other people think is unacceptable: افراطی
the judge’s intemperate outburst
2 regularly drinking too much alcohol
cor‧pu‧lent / ˈkɔːpjələnt, ˈkɔːpjʊlənt $ ˈkɔːr- / adjective formal
— corpulence noun [uncountable]
fat
be‧set / bɪˈset / verb (past tense and past participle beset, present participle besetting) [transitive] formal
1 [usually passive] to make someone experience serious problems or dangers به خطر انداختن، مشکل درست کردن
beset somebody with/by something
- The business has been beset with financial problems.*
- the injuries which have beset the team all season*
2 besetting sin a particular bad feature or habit – often used humorously
length‧wise / ˈleŋθwaɪz / adverb
in the direction or position of the longest side: از درازا
Lay the bricks lengthwise.
side‧ways / ˈsaɪdweɪz / adverb
— sideways adjective:
a sideways glance
1 to or towards one side: به پهلو
A strong gust of wind blew the car sideways into the ditch.
2 with the side, rather than the front or back, facing forwards:
They brought the piano sideways through the front door.
3 if you are moved sideways at work, you are given a job that is different from, but is at the same level as, your old job:
He would be moved sideways, rather than demoted.
un‧der‧tak‧er / ˈʌndəteɪkə $ -dərteɪkər / noun [countable]
British English
someone whose job is to arrange funerals SYN funeral director American English
un‧der‧tak‧ing AC / ˌʌndəˈteɪkɪŋ $ ˈʌndərteɪ- / noun
1 [countable usually singular] an important job, piece of work, or activity that you are responsible for: مسولیت
Starting a new business can be a risky undertaking.
2 [countable] formal a promise to do something: قول
Both organizations gave an undertaking to curb violence among their members.
3 [uncountable] the business of an undertaker
promise
pledge
vow
oath
undertaking
assurance
guarantee
promise a statement that you will definitely do or provide something, which may not be reliable:
‘I’ll call you tomorrow.’ ‘Is that a promise?’ | Politicians are always making promises.
pledge a public or official promise to do a particular thing in the future:
The Government has fulfilled at least 50% of its election pledges. | We have received pledges of help from various organizations.
vow a very serious promise to do something or not to do something that you choose to make:
He made a vow never to drink alcohol again. | your marriage vows
oath a formal promise, especially one that someone makes in a court of law:
Witnesses swear a solemn oath to tell the truth. | Public officials must take an oath to support the US Constitution.
undertaking a serious or public promise to do something, especially something difficult which needs a lot of effort or money:
The police have given an undertaking to reduce street crime in the city centre. | He was made to sign a written undertaking that he would not go within a mile of her house.
assurance a promise that something will happen or is true, made so that someone is less worried or more confident:
You have my assurance that it won’t happen again. | The manager gave me his personal assurance that the goods would be delivered today.
guarantee a very definite promise that something will happen. A guarantee is also a formal written promise by a company to repair or replace a product free if it has a fault within a fixed period of time.:
With any diet, there’s no guarantee of success. | I’m afraid I can’t give you a 100% guarantee. | Is the camera still under guarantee (= within the period during which it can be repaired or replaced free)?
for‧ge‧ry / ˈfɔːdʒəri $ ˈfɔːr- / noun (plural forgeries)
1 [countable] a document, painting, or piece of paper money that has been copied illegally SYN fake: ساختگی
The painting was a very clever forgery.
2 [uncountable] the crime of copying official documents, money etc. جعل اسناد
slay / sleɪ / verb (past tense slew / sluː /, past participle slain / sleɪn /) [transitive]
— slayer noun [countable]
1 literary to kill someone – used especially in newspapers کشتن فرد
2 American English spoken informal to amuse someone a lot خیلی سرگرم کردن
kill
murder
commit manslaughter
assassinate
slay
execute formal (also put somebody to death)
eliminate
take somebody out informal
bump somebody off humorous informal
do away with somebody informal
kill to make someone die:
The driver and his passenger were killed in the crash. | He was killed by rival gang members.
murder to deliberately kill someone – used when talking about this as a crime:
He was convicted of murdering his wife.
commit manslaughter to kill someone without intending to – used when talking about this as a crime:
The court ruled that the guard had committed manslaughter.
assassinate to deliberately kill an important person, especially a politician: ترور کردن
He was part of a plot to assassinate Hitler.
slay to kill someone or something in a violent way – used in newspaper reports and also in old stories:
Two teenagers were slain in the shootings. | St. George slew the dragon. | The king was slain at the battle of Hastings.
execute formal (also put somebody to death) to kill someone as a punishment for a crime:
McVeigh, who killed 168 people in a bombing attack, was executed by lethal injection.
eliminate to kill someone in order to prevent them from causing trouble:
a ruthless dictator who eliminated all his rivals
take somebody out informal to kill someone in order to get rid of them, especially an enemy or someone who is causing trouble for you:
US forces used air strikes to take out the enemy positions. | One of the other drug dealers may have decided to take him out.
bump somebody off humorous informal
to kill someone:
He was so irritating I felt like bumping him off myself.
do away with somebody informal to kill someone:
The settlers in Jamestown had been done away with, but no one knew how.
pro‧cras‧ti‧nate / prəˈkræstəneɪt, prəˈkræstɪneɪt / verb [intransitive] formal
— procrastination /prəˌkræstəˈneɪʃ ə n, prəˌkræstɪˈneɪʃ ə n/ noun [uncountable]
to delay doing something that you ought to do, usually because you do not want to do it SYN put off : به تاخیر انداختن
People often procrastinate when it comes to paperwork.
am‧phib‧i‧an/æmˈfɪbiən/noun [countable]
an animal such as a frog that can live both on land and in water دو زیست
con‧for‧mi‧ty AC/kənˈfɔːməti, kənˈfɔːmɪti $ -ɔːr-/noun [uncountable]
1 behavior that obeys the accepted rules of society or a group, and is the same as that of most other people انطباق، مطابقت
OPP non-conformity:
an emphasis on conformity and control
conformity to
conformity to social expectations
2 in conformity with something formal in a way that obeys rules, customs etc:
We must act in conformity with local regulations.
pul‧sar/ˈpʌlsɑː $ -sɑːr/noun [countable]
an object like a star that is far away in space and produces radiation and radio waves → quasar
star
planet
sun
moon
asteroid
pulsar
quasar
supernova
constellation
galaxy
the universe
star a large ball of burning gas in space, which can be seen at night as a point of light in the sky:
The dark night sky was clear and full of stars.
planet one of the large objects that goes around the sun, for example the Earth, Saturn, Mercury, or Mars: سیاره
The planet Uranus was discovered in 1781.
sun the star that gives us light and heat, around which the planets move. There are also many millions of other suns in the universe:
The sun came out from behind a cloud. | a dying sun
moon the round object that moves around the Earth every 28 days, or a similar object that goes around another planet:
The moon rose in the night sky. | Titan is one of the moons of Saturn.
asteroid a mass of rock that moves around the sun. Most asteroids are found between Jupiter and Mars: خرده سیاره
the asteroid belt
pulsar a type of star that is far away in space and produces radiation and radio waves
quasar an object like a star that is far away in space and shines extremely brightly
supernova a very large exploding star
constellation a group of stars that forms a particular pattern and has a name: صورت فلکی
The constellation of Orion is one of the most easily recognizable patterns of stars in the night sky.
galaxy one of the large groups of stars that make up the universe: راه شیری، کهکشان
Astronomers have detected a galaxy 11 billion light years away.
the universe all space, including all the stars and planets: جهان هستی
How many planets in the universe have life?
fleet 1/fliːt/noun [countable]
1 a group of ships, or all the ships in a navy: ناوگان
the US seventh fleet
2 a group of vehicles that are controlled by one company
fleet of
a fleet of taxis
con‧tin‧u‧um/kənˈtɪnjuəm/noun ( plural continuums or continua/-njuə/) [countable] formal
a scale of related things on which each one is only slightly different from the one before: زنجیره
- The Creole language is really various dialects arranged on a continuum.*
- All the organisms in an ecosystem are part of an evolutionary continuum.*
un‧du‧late/ˈʌndjəleɪt, ˈʌndjʊleɪt $ -dʒə-/verb [intransitive] formal
— undulation/ˌʌndjəˈleɪʃ ə n, ˌʌndjʊˈleɪʃ ə n $ -dʒə-/noun [uncountable and countable]
to move or be shaped like waves that are rising and falling: موج دار
undulating hills
slate 1/sleɪt/noun
1 rock [uncountable] a dark grey rock that can easily be split into flat thin pieces تخته سنگ
2 on a roof [countable] especially British English a small piece of slate or similar material that is used for covering roofs SYN tile:
There were several slates missing from the roof.
3 slate blue/grey a dark blue or grey color مات
4 politics [countable] a list of people that voters can choose in an election, or who are being considered for an important job فهرست انتخاباتی
5 for writing on [countable] a small black board or a flat piece of slate in a wooden frame, used for writing on in the past ورق سنگ
lus‧trous/ˈlʌstrəs/adjective
shining in a soft gentle way: درخشان
Her hair was beautifully dark and lustrous.
shiny
glossy
sleek
silky
gleaming
glistening literary
lustrous literary
polished
shiny looking bright and smooth, and reflecting light:
Her hair was now washed and shiny. | A shiny limousine pulled in front of the building. | His face was shiny with sweat. | shiny metal objects
glossy used about hair or fur that looks shiny and healthy. Glossy magazines and books use expensive shiny paper:
My hair seemed much thicker and more glossy. | His fur is all glossy. | The plant’s leaves were still glossy. | He was flicking through a glossy magazine. | glossy brochures advertising skiing vacations
sleek shiny and smooth in a way that looks very attractive – used especially about hair, fur, a car or machine, or about someone’s body:
the cat’s sleek fur | His sleek dark-blue Mercedes was parked outside. | I looked at the sleek brown bodies resting beside the pool. | the sleek lines of a Bang and Olufsen television | A small jet waited like a sleek silver bird beside the runway.
silky very soft and smooth to touch, like silk – used about hair, fur, skin, or material:
Her skirt and jacket were made of smooth, silky fabric. | Fernando stroked her silky hair and kissed her forehead. | her silky skin
gleaming very shiny and clean – used especially about something that has just been polished:
A gleaming motorcycle stood parked outside the bar. | his gleaming white teeth | gleaming black shoes | The tourist brochures show gleaming white sand.
glistening literary something that is glistening is shiny, especially because it is wet:
her glistening eyes | I recognized his dark glistening skin. | We stared at the glistening expanse of the sea. | the glistening white of the dome | the glistening black heads of the seals
lustrous literary shining in a soft gentle way – used about hair, eyes, lips, or material:
Her hair was thick and lustrous. | His eyes were dark and lustrous. | her lustrous lips | the fabric’s smooth lustrous surface
polished polished shoes, floors, tables etc. are shiny because they have been rubbed until they shine:
a highly polished floor
ra‧tion‧al AC/ˈræʃ ə nəl/adjective
— rationality/ˌræʃəˈnæləlti, ˌræʃəˈnælɪlti/noun [uncountable]
1 rational thoughts, decisions etc. are based on reasons rather than emotions منطقی
OPP irrational:
- Parents need to be fully informed so they can make a rational decision.*
- I’m sure there’s a rational explanation for all this.*
- It’s impossible to have a rational conversation with him.*
2 a rational person is able to think calmly and sensibly OPP irrational:
Culley was quite rational at the time of her baby’s death.
3 formal able to make sensible judgments:
Man is a rational animal.
— rationally adverb:
We were too shocked to think rationally.
a rational explanation
a rational decision/choice
a rational approach
a rational analysis
rational thought
rational argument
a rational conversation/discussion
perfectly rational
a rational explanation I told myself that there must be some simple, rational explanation.
a rational decision/choice The patient was incapable of making a rational decision.
a rational approach We must adopt a rational approach when dealing with this problem.
a rational analysis Emotions are running so high that any rational analysis of the situation is difficult.
rational thought Babies were thought to be incapable of rational thought.
rational argument Nuclear weapons are so absurd that rational argument about their use is scarcely possible.
a rational conversation/discussion Let’s all calm down and have a rational discussion.
perfectly rational I’m sure there’s a perfectly rational explanation.
