Week1&2 Flashcards

Question

grime

Answer 1

The walls were black with دوده

Answer 2

Management ? the idea of job-sharing (to like someone or something)

Answer 3

Hundreds of innocent civilians had been ? by government troops (killed a lot of people in a cruel or violent way) **SYN butchered**

Answer 4

We got ?ed, 110-54 to defeat an opponent in a sport or game by a large number of points **SYN hammer**

Answer 5

Hitler’s goal was to ? the Jews (kill large numbers of a particular group, so that they no longer exist)

Answer 6

It’s a ? that in such a rich country there can be so much poverty. ; The ? is that fishermen would catch more fish if they fished less. ضد و نقیض

Answer 7

* the spiritual ?; an idea that belongs in the ? of science fiction حوزه * **within the ?s of possibility** ( also **not beyond the ?(s) of possibility**) used, often humorously, to say that something is possible even though you think it is not very likely: I suppose it’s not beyond the ?s of possibility (written a general area of knowledge, activity, or thought) * literary a country ruled by a king or queen

Answer 8

یکی از موارد غیرطبیعی در تاریخ جرم و جنایت

Answer 9

There was a ? **of** sadness in her voice. ; This glass has a greenish ?. ته رنگ ته مایه

Answer 10

It **caused** quite **a ?** when he left his wife. ; The college has recently been **involved in a** drugs **?** ; He has been **at the centre of** a political **?** ; a **major ?** involving the government; a series of **financial ?**s; a **sex ?** that ruined his reputation ; They had already left the country when the **? broke**. رسوایی و افتضاح

Answer 11

1 literary almost complete darkness; He peered into the gathering (= increasing ) ?. 2 a feeling of great sadness and lack of hope; a time of high unemployment and economic ? It was a year of economic ? for the car industry.; There was deep ? about the future.;

Answer 12

It seems quite ? to expect anyone to drive for 3 hours just for a 20-minute meeting. ; It seems an ? idea. **SYN: rediculous** مسخره

Answer 13

Duncan laughed at **the ? of** the situation. بخاطر مسخرگی

Answer 14

two statements, beliefs etc that are ? are different and therefore cannot both be true or correct ; **? messages/statements/demands** etc ; The public is being fed ? messages about the economy.

Answer 15

to have to deal with something difficult or unpleasant **SYN cope with**: The rescue team also had bad weather conditions to **? with**.

Answer 16

**OPP feminine** They’re nice curtains, but I’d prefer something a little more ?. She has a very ? voice. Hunting was a typically ? occupation.

Answer 17

the food you can eat in a particular restaurant, country, or area: Italian ? ; Trying the local ? is all part of the fun of travelling; vegetarian ?; the traditional **? of** the Southwest

Answer 18

to try to persuade someone by asking them something several times **SYN pester**: متقاعد کردن (اینقدر بگیم تا) She **?**ed me for weeks until I finally gave in. **? somebody to do something** My friends keep ?ing me to get a cell phone. **? somebody into doing something;** I had to ? the kids into doing their homework.

Answer 19

to annoy someone, especially by asking them many times to do something ; She’d been ?ed by reporters for days. The kids have been ?ing me to buy them new tennis shoes.

Answer 20

to ask for something in an urgent way, because you want it very much and will be very unhappy if you do not get it: He ?ged me for some money. | I’m not going to ? for forgiveness.

Answer 21

to ask for something in an emotional way **SYN beg**: ‘Don’t go,’ I ?ed her. **? somebody to do something** She ?ed the soldiers to save her child.

Answer 22

hard boring work

Answer 23

to state in a court of law whether or not you are guilty of a crime ; **? guilty/not guilty/innocent** Henderson ? guilty to burglary.

Answer 24

very long and boring **SYN endless**: ? delays — ?ly adverb: an ?ly long speech ; They faced an ? wait in the departure lounge of the airport. | The journey seemed ?

Answer 25

continuing for too long - used about speeches, answers, explanations etc: a very ? answer to a simple question | He gave a ? speech about the company's vision for the future

Answer 26

written to understand or think of something or someone in a particular way ; **? something/somebody as something ;** Even as a young woman she had been ?d as a future chief executive.; **? something/somebody to be something ;** Often what is ?d to be aggression is simply fear.; Children who do badly in school tests often ? themselves to be failures.

Answer 27

formal to notice, see, or recognize something ; That morning, he ?d a change in Franca’s mood. Cats are not able to ? color.; He ?d that there was no other way out of the crisis.

Answer 28

using only a few words to say something **OPP** **verbose** — ?**ally** / -kli / *adverb* : *‘She left,’ said Pascoe ?ally.*

Answer 29

**1** a talk given as part of a Christian church service, usually on a religious or moral subject; **give/preach/deliver a ? (on something);** *The vicar gave a ? on charity.* **2** *informal* a long talk in which someone tries to give you moral advice that you do not want – used to show disapproval **SYN** **lecture**

Answer 30

a large group of people in one place **SYN crowd;** *She got lost in the ? ;* **? of;** *a ? of excited spectators*

Answer 31

**1** a large noisy crowd, especially one that is angry and violent; **? of;** *a ? of a few hundred demonstrators; They were immediately surrounded by the ?. The leadership had been criticized for giving in to **? rule*** (= when a ? controls the situation rather than the government or the law )*.* **2** *informal* a group of people of the same type **SYN gang; ? of;** *The usual ? of teenagers were standing on the corner.*

Answer 32

1 crowds of people; **in ?;** Tourists come **in ?** to see the White House. 2 a group of animals that are being moved together; **? of;** a ? of cattle

Answer 33

**1** [countable] a group of sheep, goats, or birds; **? of;** *a ? of small birds* **2** [countable usually singular] a large group of people ; **SYN crowd; ? of;** *a ? of children* **3** [countable usually singular] a priest’s ? is the group of people who regularly attend his or her church

Answer 34

**1 a ? of somebody/something** *formal* *or* *literary* a very large number of people or things: *I had never seen such a ? of stars before. a ? of possible interpretations* **2 the ?(s)** ordinary people, especially when they are thought of as not being very well educated: *Political power has been placed in the hands of the ?.* **3** [countable] *literary* *or* *biblical* a large crowd of people: *Clamoring ?s demanded a view of the Pope.*

Answer 35

*written* willing to do dangerous things or go to dangerous places – often used humorously **SYN brave:** *? explorers; an ? traveller* | *We sent our ? reporter to find out what is happening*

Answer 36

*especially written* very brave – used especially about someone fighting for what they believe in, or fighting against a disease: *He was wrong, and ? enough to admit it. a ? decision;* — **?ly** *adverb* **Register** In everyday English, people usually say **brave** rather than **?**: *It was **brave** of you to tell him what you thought.*

Answer 37

willing to make difficult decisions or say what you think, even though it may involve risks: It was **a ? move** to set up his own company. | She was very ? in criticizing the leadership

Answer 38

*informal* brave and determined – often used in newspapers : ? Denise saved her younger sister’s life. *? Megan, aged 10, has beaten cancer twice.*

Answer 39

*written;* to go towards someone you do not know and speak to them in an unpleasant or threatening way: *He was ?ed by four youths and forced to give them all his money.*

Answer 40

unwilling to talk about what you feel or what you know **SYN reserved; ? about;** *She’s strangely ? about her son.*

Answer 41

**1.** not saying much: *He’s a ? boy who loves reading.* | *You’re very ? tonight, Suzy – are you OK?* **2.** not saying anything: *Her husband was a big ? man.* | *Everyone was arguing but I decided to remain ?.* **3.** *formal* not talking much and seeming a little unfriendly or bad-tempered: *He found Vaughn a ? and rather difficult person.*

Answer 42

**1** a ? building has an irregular shape and covers a large area: *a ? old farmhouse* **2**? speech or writing is very long and does not seem to have any clear organization or purpose: درهم و برهم *a long ? letter*

Answer 43

bad-tempered and unfriendly **SYN sullen:** *a ? teenager*

Answer 44

*informal* to ask for money in the streets **SYN** **beg:** ## Footnote *homeless people ?ling in the subway*

Answer 45

**1** if a dog, wolf , or other animal ?s, it makes a long loud sound ;*The dogs ?ed all night.* **2** to make a long loud cry because you are unhappy, angry, or in pain, or because you are amused or excited: *Upstairs, one of the twins began to ?* (= cry ) *.* **? in/with;** *Somewhere, someone was ?ing in pain. He makes audiences **? with laughter**.*

Answer 46

**be a ? success** something that is a ? success is extremely successful

Answer 47

a low rank in the army, air force etc ستوان

Answer 48

punishment that involves hitting someone, especially in schools and prisons تنبیه بدنی *? was abolished in Britain in 1986.*

Answer 49

(= death as a punishment for a crime ) *The are trying to abolish ? except in cases of terrorism.*

Answer 50

something that is done in order to punish someone, or the act of punishing them; **? for;** *The ? for treason (خیانت) is death.* **as a ?;** *I was sent to bed as a ?. ; The charge against him carries a **maximum ?** of a year in jail. **the ? should fit the crime** (= it should be appropriate*

Answer 51

* a punishment given by a judge in a court: *He was given a long prison ?.* | *They asked for the maximum sentence.* * an amount of money that you must pay as a punishment: I got an $80 fine for speeding. | There are **heavy ?s** for drink-driving.

Answer 52

behaving as if you want to keep something secret **SYN secretive:** *There was something ? about his actions.* **? glances/looks ;** *Chris kept stealing ? glances at me.* ## Footnote *She opened the door and looked ?ly down the hall.*

Answer 53

someone who is guilty of a serious crime **SYN criminal:** *By law, **convicted ?***(= criminals who are sent to prison) *may not own or use guns.*

Answer 54

someone who breaks the law: *The courts should impose tougher punishments on ?s.* | *a special prison for young ?s; Community punishment is used for less serious ?s. At 16, Scott was already a **persistent ?*** (= someone who has been caught several times for committing crimes )*.* **2** someone or something that is the cause of something bad: *Among causes of air pollution, car exhaust fumes may be **the worst ?.***

Answer 55

*informal* a dishonest person, especially one who steals money and who you cannot trust: *Some politicians are ?s, but not all of them.* | *They're just a bunch of ?s. کلاه بردار*

Answer 56

a young person who behaves badly and is likely to commit crimes - used especially in the phrase **juvenile ?:** *He later worked with juvenile ?s in a Florida youth services program.*

Answer 57

someone who helps a criminal to do something illegal: *Police believe the murderer must have had an ?.*

Answer 58

if something ?, you say it without really intending to: *I didn’t mean to say it. The words ?ped ?.*

Answer 59

**a ? of something** *formal* a very large number of something, usually more than you need: *a ? of suggestions*

Answer 60

*literary* unlucky: *The ? passengers were stranded at the airport for three days.*

Answer 61

**1** a person who is responsible for a particular place and whose job is to make sure its rules are obeyed; **? of;** *the ? of the college;* **forest/park etc ?** **2** the person in charge of a prison

Answer 62

**1** to make a difficult situation worse by adding more problems; **? a problem/difficulty etc;** *Helmut’s problems were ?ed by his lack of concentration.* **2 be ?ed of something** *formal* to be a mixture of things: *a smell ?ed of dust and dead flowers* **3** to pay interest that is calculated on both the sum of money and the interest: *Interest is ?ed quarterly.*

Answer 63

extremely angry, especially because you think you have been treated unfairly **SYN furious:** *an ? customer*

Answer 64

رشوه *The officials said that they had been **offered ?** before an important game.* **accept/take a ?;** *A Supreme Court judge was charged with taking ?s.* **offer somebody a ?;** *Some sportsmen have been **offered ?s** to perform badly.* **accept/take a ?;** *Any officials who accept ?s will face criminal charges.* **give somebody a ?;** *They issued passports to people who gave them ?s.* **pay a ?;** *It was claimed that the company paid ?s to win the contract.*

Answer 65

شعار a short sentence or phrase giving a rule on how to behave, which expresses the aims or beliefs of a person, school, or institution: *‘Be prepared’ is the ? of the Boy Scouts.*

Answer 66

a well-known phrase that gives advice about life: *Do you know the ? ‘A problem shared is a problem halved’?* | *There is an old Chinese ? which states ‘A journey of a thousand miles starts with a single step’.*

Answer 67

a phrase that is boring and no longer original because people use it a lot: *The phrase ‘at the end of the day’ has become a real ?.* | *There is some truth in the old ? that time is a great healer; He seemed to believe that **old ?** about a woman’s place being in the home.* **;** *His writing is full of **worn-out ?s**. The term 'information revolution' is a **popular ?**.* Giving a girl red roses is a bit of a **romantic ?;** Sports reporting tends to **be full of ?s;** It has **become a ?** to say that Prague is the most beautiful city in Europe

Answer 68

a short phrase that is easy to remember and is used in advertisements, or by politicians, organizations etc; *an **advertising ?;** demonstrators shouting **political ?s;** the Democrats’ **campaign ?;** His **campaign*****/election*****?** was ‘Peace, stability and prosperity’.* The Liberal Democrats were searching for a more **catchy ?;** (= one that is easily remembered); They’ve come up with a good, **snappy ?** for the product. (= one that is short and effective) ; We want real progress, not just **empty ?** (= a slogan that promises something which is not actually done); Dozens of demonstrators waved banners and **chanted ?s**. (= repeat slogans in a regular way); a badge **bear**ing a campaign **?**

Answer 69

**1** something that proves that someone was not where a crime happened and therefore could not have done it **a perfect/cast-iron/unshakeable etc ?;** *He **had** a perfect **?** and the police let him go.* **2** an excuse for something you have failed to do or have done wrong

Answer 70

a false reason given for an action, in order to hide the real reason; **? for;** *The incident **provided** the **?** for war.* **on/under the ? of doing something;** *Tom called at her apartment on the ? of asking for a book.* **on/under the ? that;** *He left immediately on the ? that he had a train to catch.* *He’ll phone **on some ?** or other.*

Answer 71

clever and skilful, especially in the way you use words and arguments **SYN skilled:** *an ? negotiator*

Answer 72

to be in a position in which your body is flat on the floor, on a bed etc; **? on/in etc;** *He was ?ing on the bed smoking a cigarette. Don’t ? in the sun for too long.* **? there;** *For a few minutes he just ? there.* **lie still/awake etc;** *She would ? awake worrying. The dog was ?ing dead on the floor.*

Answer 73

if something ?s ahead of you, ?s in the future etc, it is going to happen to you in the future; **? ahead;** *How will we cope with the difficulties that ? ahead?* **? before;** *A blank and empty future ? (pt) before me.* *I was wondering what **?** (pt) **in store** for us.*

Answer 74

**a)** to remain hidden because someone is trying to find you or catch you: *We’ll have to ? until tonight.* **b)** to wait and try not to be noticed by anyone: *He decided to ? for a while after the report came out.*

Answer 75

**1** to deliberately tell someone something that is not true: *I could tell from her face that she was ?ing.* **? to;** *I would never ? to you.* **? about;** *She ?d about her age.*

Answer 76

*informal* to tell a small unimportant lie : *I think you’re ?bing.* **?ber** *noun* [countable] – used especially by children : *Dan’s ?ing. I didn’t hit him*

Answer 77

to invent a story, explanation etc in order to deceive someone: *I didn’t want to go so I ? (pt) an excuse and said I was busy.* | *He ? (pt) the tale to prevent his parents from finding out the truth.*

Answer 78

to make someone believe something that is not true by giving them information that is false or not complete; **? somebody about/over something;** *Politicians have ? (pp) the public over the dangers of these chemicals. Don’t be ? (pp) by appearances, he’s a good worker.* **? somebody into believing/thinking etc something;** *Don’t be ? (pp) into thinking that scientific research is easy.*

Answer 79

to only tell someone part of the truth – often used when saying indirectly that someone is lying: *He admitted that he had perhaps ? (pp)*

Answer 80

[countable] something that you say or write that you know is untrue: *I always know when he’s telling ?s.* **tell (somebody) a ?** *He got into trouble for telling a ?.* **believe a ?** *How could you believe his ?s?;* **spread ?s** (= tell them to a lot of people) *How dare you spread such vicious ?s?* **a white ?** (= a small ? that you tell someone for good reasons, for example to avoid hurting their feelings) *We all have to tell white ?s sometimes.* **a big ?** *The lawyer said it was a ‘big ?’ that Jones had not received the message.* **a pack of ?s** *informal* (= a lot of ?s) *Everything he had told me was a pack of ?s.*

Answer 81

when someone writes or prints untrue statements about someone so that other people could have a bad opinion of them; **for ?;** *Holt **sued** the newspaper **for ?**.* **a ? action/ case/ trial** (= a court case against someone for ?) *restrictions on press freedom, such as **? laws***

Answer 82

*law* the crime of speaking lies that could make people have a bad opinion of someone, or an untrue statement which does this: *He’s threatening to sue them for ?.* | *a ? on the good name of the company* | *Linking his name to terrorism was a ?.*

Answer 83

**1** **leave** to leave a place, especially when this is not easy:*The meeting dragged on, and I didn’t ? until seven.* **? from;** *I like to ? from London at the weekend.* **2** **on holiday** *informal* to take a holiday away from the place you normally live: *Will you manage to ? this summer?;* **? to;** *We’re hoping to ? to Scotland for a few days.* **3** **escape** to escape from someone who is chasing you or trying to catch you:*The three men ? (pt) in a stolen car.* **?from;** *We knew it wouldn’t be easy to ? from the police.* **? with;** *The thieves ? (pt) with jewellery worth over $50,000.*

Answer 84

false – used when you think someone is deliberately trying to deceive people: *She put on a ? New York accent.* | *The doctors were accused of supplying ? medical certificates.* | *There’s something ? about him.* | *? advertisements*

Answer 85

false and giving a wrong impression about someone or something: ? claims (ادعای کذب) | That’s a ? argument. (بحث الکی) | *The company was trying to get some ? respectability by using our name.*

Answer 86

to make movements with your arms and hands, usually while speaking, because you are excited, angry, or cannot think of the right words to use **SYN gesture:** *Jane **?d wildly** and shouted ‘Stop! Stop!’*

Answer 87

giving careful attention to what is happening, so that you will notice any danger or illegal activity:; *Please **remain ?** at all times and report anything suspicious.*

Answer 88

**1** a moment: *She caught his eye **for an ?.*** *When the rain started, the crowd vanished **in an ?*** (= immediately). **? of** *an ? of panic; She stepped towards the door and, in that very same ?, the doorbell rang.* **2 the ? (that)** as soon as something happens: *The ? I saw him, I knew he was the man from the restaurant. Jen burst out laughing the ? she walked in.* **3 this ?** *spoken* used when telling someone, especially a child, to do something immediately **SYN** **now:** *Come here this ?!*

Answer 89

to feel or express great surprise or admiration at something, especially someone’s behaviour: *‘The man is a genius,’ ?ed Claire.* **? at/over;** *I ?ed at my mother’s ability to remain calm in a crisis. Visitors to Rome ? over the beauty of the city.*

Week1&2 Flashcards

(114 cards)