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Flashcards in androgens Deck (24)
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1
Q

roles of sertoli cells

A
Sertoli = Support + nourish spermatagonia, 1° and 2°  spermacyte + spermatids
regulate spermatogenesis
secrete inhibin
secrete ABP
produce MIF
2
Q

form blood-testis barrier

A

tight junctions between adjacent sertoli cells prevents blood through
isolate gametes from autoimmune attack

3
Q

affect of ↑ temperature on sertoli cells

A

occurs with varicocele or cryptochordism
↓ sperm production
↓ inhibin

4
Q

undifferentiated germ cell in male

A

spermatagonia

along outside of seminferous tubules (not mature yet)

5
Q

types of androgen

A

testosterone
DHT (most potent)
androstenedione (least potent)

6
Q

roles of testosterone

A

mesonephric ducts (wolffian) into internal genitalia
SEED: seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, epididymis, ductus deferens
growth spurt: penis, seminal vesicles, sperm, muscles, RBCs
deepens voice
closing of epiphyseal plates (due to testosterone → estrogen; don’t give T to prepubertal boy)
libido (male + female)

7
Q

role of DHT

A

early: urogenital sinus → external genitalia: penis, scrotum, prostate
late: prostate growth, balding, sebaceous gland activity

8
Q

male androgens are converted to estrogens by

A

aromatase (mostly in adipose tissue + testes sertoli cells0

9
Q

obese patients have low testosterone because

A

testosterone is converted to estrogens in adipose tissue

10
Q

genotype of androgen insensitivity syndrome

A

46 XY

11
Q

defect in androgen receptor in 46 X,Y→
testes present
sense no testosterone → no SEED
sense no DHT → no male external genitalia, urogenital sinus → LOWER VAGINA PRESENT
MIF present → no paramesonephric ducts (no upper vagina, uterus, etc)
female external genitalia - LOOK FEMALE (testosterone converted to estrogen)

A

androgen insensitivity syndrome

12
Q

lumps in labia majora

A

= testes, remove to prevent malignancy

androgen insensitivity syndrome

13
Q

genotype of 5α reductase deficiency

A

46 X,Y

14
Q

46 X,Y with ambiguous genitalia until puberty when ↑ testosterone is sufficient to cause masculinization + ↑ growth of external genitalia

A

5α reductase deficiency

no embryonic DHT: no male external genitalia, prostate

15
Q

↑ testosterone, ↑ estrogen, ↑ LH

A

androgen insensitivity syndrome

16
Q

ovaries present
virilized or amibigous external genitalia
excessive inappropriate exposure to androgenic steroids during early gestation (congenital adrenal hyperplasia: 21B or 11B hydroxylase deficiency or exogenous admin of androgens during pregnancy)

A

female pseudohermaphrodite (XX)

17
Q

testes present

female or ambiguous external genitalia

A
male pseudohermaphrodite (XY)
seen in androgen insensitivity syndrome
18
Q

↑ testosterone, ↓ LH

A

testosterone-secreting tumor or

exogenous steroids

19
Q

↓ testosterone, ↑ LH

A

1° hypogonadism

20
Q

↓ testosterone, ↓ LH (↓ GnRH)

A

hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (Kallman syndrome)

21
Q

small testes/penis
low sperm count or 1° amenorrhea (never started menstruating)
no secondary sex characteristics (male/female)
ANOSMIA (can’t smell)

A

Kallmann syndrome

22
Q

x-linked KAL chain defect (more common in men)

A

Kallmann syndrome

23
Q

defective migration of GnRH cells in hypothalamus + formation of olfactory bulb

A

Kallmann syndrome

24
Q

both ovary + testicular tissue present (ovotestis)

ambiguous genitalia

A

true hermaphrodite

46XX or 47 XXY

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