inflammation

Question 1

What are the classic findings of inflammation?

Answer 1

rubor (redness)
dolor (pain)
calor (heat)
tumor (swelling)
loss of function

Question 2

what is inflammation?

Answer 2

method to REPAIR cell damage

Question 3

outcomes of acute inflammation

Answer 3

complete resolution: normal structure, function
organization: fibrotic shell walls off inflammation
abscess: fibrotic shell + pus (drain!)
scarring: collagen →↓ function (myocardium can’t contract, no electrical impulses)
progression to chronic inflammation

Question 4

acute inflammation mediated by:

Answer 4

neutrophils

Question 5

chronic inflammation mediated by

Answer 5

macrophages + lymphocytes (mononuclear)

Question 6

acute or chronic inflammation?

granuloma

Answer 6

chronic inflammation

Question 7

granuloma composed of:

Answer 7

cluster of epithelioid macrophages + multinucleated giant cells (fused macrophages) in chronic inflammation
macrophages make TNFα →maintains granuloma

Question 8

outcomes of chronic inflammation

Answer 8

scarring

amyloidosis

Question 9

MOA of infliximab

Answer 9

block TNFα → breakdown of granuloma

test for LATENT TB before starting

Question 10

granulomatous LUNG diseases (chronic inflammation)

Answer 10

TB: CASEATING granuloma (cheese-like) with caseous necrosis in middle (PINK)
sarcoidosis
fungal: histoplasmosis, blastomycosis
berylliosis

Question 11

berylium miner

Answer 11

berylliosis

Question 12

migrant worker with hemoptysis

Answer 12

TB

Question 13

granulomatous LUNG + KIDNEY disease (chronic inflammation)

Answer 13

granulomatosis with polyangiitis (wegener)

Question 14

granulomatous GI disease (chronic inflammation)

Answer 14

Chron’s disease (noncaseating, no pink center = caseous necrosis)

Question 15

bartonella henselae = cat scratch disease causes

Answer 15

granulomatous disease (chronic inflammation)

Question 16

granulomas are a feature of

Answer 16

granulomatous diseases

Question 17

M. leprae (leprosy, hansen disease) causes

Answer 17

granulomatous disease (chronic inflammation)

Question 18

listeria monocytogenes causes

Answer 18

granulomatous disease (chronic inflammation)

Question 19

chronic granulomatous disease (immunodeficiency disorder) causes formation of

Answer 19

granulomas

Question 20

foreign body causes

Answer 20

granulomatous disease (chronic inflammation)

Question 21

transudate extracellular fluid (from vessels) properties

Answer 21

watery:

hypocellular, ↓protein, ↓ specific gravity

Question 22

exudate extracellular fluid (from vessels) properties

Answer 22

EXudate = EXtra stuff:

cellular (inflammatory cells), ↑protein, ↑specific gravity

Question 23

exudate caused by

Answer 23

lymphatic obstruction
inflammation/infection
malignancy

Question 24

transudate caused by

Answer 24

↑hydrostatic pressure (CHF)
↓oncotic pressure (cirrhosis)
Na retention

Question 25

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (sed rate) is the

Answer 25

rate at which RBCs fall to bottom of tube fibrinogen (acute phase reactant made by HEPATOCYTES) coats RBCs → aggregation → fall at faster rate within the test tube →↑ ESR

Question 26

C-reactive protein

Answer 26

a acute phase reactant (like fibrinogen) made by HEPATOCYTES bind to bacteria and act as opsonin can be secreted from cells in athersclerotic plaques: activates endothelial cells to induce a prothrombotic state, ↑adhesiveness of endothelium to leukocytes

Question 27

↑ ESR occur in

Answer 27

polymyalgia rheumatica temporal arteritis monitor disease activity (degree of inflammation) in RA and SLE infection: osteomyelitis (useful for diagnosis, sometimes xray is negative) inflammation malignancy

Question 28

↑CRP are a strong predictor of

Answer 28

MI risk stroke PAD sudden cardiac death

Question 29

serous pattern of inflammation

Answer 29

watery fluid in tissues (transudate)

Question 30

fibrinous pattern of inflammation

Answer 30

fibrinogen exits vessel and enters tissue → forms fibrin matrix in inflamed tissue (exudate)

Question 31

suppurative/purulent pattern of inflammation

Answer 31

pus (exudate) - in abscess, pleural effusion | dead cells, debris, liquefactive necrosis

Question 32

type of inflammation with persistent cycles of destruction + repair, start eating healthy tissue

Answer 32

chronic inflammation

Question 33

acute inflammation causes release of acute phase cytokines (inflammatory mediators):

Answer 33

IL-1 IL-6 TNF-α

Question 34

during acute inflammation, vasodilation + vascular permeability → fluid exudation into interstium is caused by

Answer 34

histamine 5HT bradykinin

Question 35

vitamin C and zinc are required for acute inflammation. they are involved in:

Answer 35

vitamin C: fibroblasts need for laying down collagen for wound healing zinc: metalloproteinases contain zinc and remodel the ECM

Question 36

IL-1 IL-6 TNFα cause:

Answer 36

↑expression of select on vessel

Question 37

disease that causes: abnormal LFA-1 (integrin) - bad tight binding delayed separation of umbilical cord in newborn recurrent bacterial infections later in life

Answer 37

leukocyte adhesion deficiency