reproductive anatomy

Question 1

location where sperm are made

Answer 1

seminiferous tubules of testes

Question 2

ejaculatory duct (ends in prostatic urethra) is formed by

Answer 2

seminal vesicle (above prostate) + vas deferens
fluid of seminal vesicle + sperm of vas deferens mix in the ejaculatory duct to form semen

Question 3

produces mucous for lubrication in the urethra

Answer 3

cowper gland (bulbourethral)

Question 4

layers of penis (outside to inside)

Answer 4

outer dermis
Dartos fascia (superficial)
Buck’s fascia (deep)
3 cylinindrical masses of erectile tissue are encased by tunica albuginea
dorsal: corpus cavernosa
ventral: corpus spongiosum (urethra inside)

Question 5

ligament connects ovary to pelvic sidewall

contains OVARIAN vessels

Answer 5

suspensory ligament of ovaries (infundibulopelvic ligament)

Question 6

ligament connects cervix to pelvic sidewall

contains UTERINE vessels

Answer 6

Cardinal ligament = Cervix

Question 7

ligament connects uterine fundus (below ovarian ligament) → inguinal canal → labia majora

Answer 7

round ligament of uterus

Question 8

double-fold of peritoneum that connects the uterus, fallopian tubes, and to the pelvic side wall
contains the ovarian ligament + round ligament + suspensory ligament

Answer 8

broad ligament

Question 9

ligament that connects the ovary to the lateral uterus

Answer 9

ovarian ligament

Question 10

female pelvic ligaments that derived from the gubernaculum

Answer 10

round ligament of uterus

ovarian ligament

Question 11

what nerve can cause these injuries (during childbirth, surgery, cyclist):
genital and perineal numbness/pain
fecal incontinence
urinary incontinence
ED

Answer 11

pudendal nerve: from sacral plexus (S2-S4)

Question 12

what nerve innervates these:
SENSATION to perineum + genitals (penis + clitoris)
MOTOR to these perineal muscles:
base of penis - help with erection
external anal sphincter
external urethral sphincter

Answer 12

pudendal nerve

Question 13

gonadal arteries (ovary, testes) are a branch of the

Answer 13

abdominal aorta (directly come off it)

Question 14

R gonadal vein drains into the

Answer 14

IVC

Question 15

L gonadal vein drains into the

Answer 15

L renal vein → IVC

Question 16

“bag of worms” in L scrotum
worse with valsalva
improves with lying down

Answer 16

varicocele
left venous pressure > right venous pressure due to 90° the L gonadal vein takes when entering the L renal vein
if L gonadal vein is compressed:
poor venous return →enlarged pampiniform plexus

Question 17

most blood in the pelvis is supplied by what artery

Answer 17

internal illiac artery

Question 18

what lymph nodes drain:

2/3 proximal vagina, uterus, cervix, prostate

Answer 18

external illiac nodes
internal illiac nodes (hypogastric): includes obturator nodes
not palpable

Question 19

what lymph nodes drain:

1/3 distal vagina, vulva, scrotum

Answer 19

superficial inguinal nodes

palpable

Question 20

what lymph nodes drain:

ovary, testes

Answer 20

para-aortic lymph nodes

Question 21

if too late in labor process to do an epidural, an alternative is a

Answer 21

pudendal nerve block

palpate ischial spine → inject local anesthetic toward ischial spine to block sensation to the perineum

Question 22

enters the deep (internal) inguinal ring LATERAL to inferior epigastric artery → inguinal canal → superficial (external) inguinal ring → scrotum (has all 3 layers of spermatic fascia)

Answer 22

indirect inguinal hernia

Question 23

congenital hernia due to failure of the rest of the processus vaginalis (outpouching of peritoneum) to obliterate after descent into scrotum and covering of the testes by the tunica vaginalis

Answer 23

indirect inguinal hernia:
results in connection between peritoneal cavity and scrotum
will either cause a hydrocele (fill with fluid) or indirect inguinal hernia

Question 24

enters through Hesselbach triangle MEDIAL to inferior epigastric artery → superficial (external) inguinal ring
covered by external spermatic fascia only

Answer 24

direct inguinal hernia

Question 25

hernia in older men due to weakened abdominal wall in Hesselbach's triangle from constipation, cough, lifting

Answer 25

direct inguinal hernia

Question 26

hernia more common in females

Answer 26

femoral hernia

Question 27

protrudes from femoral ring → femoral canal (below inguinal ligament)

Answer 27

femoral hernia

Question 28

leading cause of small bowel incarceration

Answer 28

femoral hernia

Question 29

contents of bowel in hernia get trapped (irreducible) → venous + lymph obstructed → edema

Answer 29

incarceration

Question 30

complication of incarceration: | contents of bowel in hernia → edema → ↓ arterial blood supply → ischemia + necrosis

Answer 30

strangulation

Question 31

nerve that can be injured after prostatectomy

Answer 31

cavernous nerve (parasympathetic - point) - sits on top of prostate

Question 32

complication of varicocele

Answer 32

infertility (↑ temperature)