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DIT topics > lung, brain, bone, GI bugs > Flashcards

lung, brain, bone, GI bugs Flashcards

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1
Q

normal flora of skin

A

staph epidermidis

when in blood: can cause bacteremia, endocarditis

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2
Q

normal flora of nose

A

staph epidermidis
staph aureus

MRSA can colonize in nose!

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3
Q

normal flora of oral cavity

A

anaerobes
staph
viridans group strep: s. mutans in cavities and dental plaques →if abnormal heart valve + dental procedure →endocarditis

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4
Q

normal flora of colon

A

anaerobe: bacteroides fragilis (most abundant)

e. coli: can enter vagina/urethra → UTI

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5
Q

normal flora of vagina

A

lactobacillus: converts glycogen → lactic acid (↓ pH - 4.0-4.5)
e.coli
aneorobes
staph: GBS (s. agalactiae) → if vertical transmission: neonatal sepsis, meningitis, or pneumonia
strep

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6
Q

causes of pneumonia in neonates (

A 
GBS
E.coli
less common:
chlamydia trachomatis: long incubation (onset 4-12 wks later)
HSV
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7
Q

causes of pneumonia in children (4 wk-18 yr)

A 
RSV (most common viral cause)
s. pneumoniae (most common bacterial cause)
school-aged children = atypicals:
mycoplasma pneumoniae
chlamydophila pneumoniae
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8
Q

causes of pneumonia in adults (18-65 yr)

A 
s. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
influenza virus (older adults >40 yo)
atypicals:
mycoplasma pneumoniae (younger adults
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9
Q

causes of pneumonia in elderly (>65 yo)

A 
s. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
influenza virus
s. aureus
anaerobes
G- rods: e.coli (fecal matter)
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10
Q

type of pneumonia in alcoholic patient

A

s. pneumoniae (most common)
klebsiella pnuemoniae: thick bloody sputum “currant jelly sputum”
aneoraboes: aspiration

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11
Q

type of pneumonia in patient with decreased level of consciousness (aspiration pneumoniae)

A

anaerobes

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12
Q

type of pneumonia in patient with CF

A

pseudomonas

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13
Q

type of pneumonia in patient with HIV and CD4

A

pneumocystis jirovecii

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14
Q

type of pneumonia in post-influenza

A

s. pneumoniae (most common)

s. aureus (know this one!, severe, fatal)

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15
Q

type of pneumonia acquired from patio-cooling water mister

A

legionella pneumophila (think with any water source)

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16
Q

type of pneumonia after travel to SW US

A

coccidioides immitis (fungus)

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17
Q

type of pneumonia after exposure to bird/bad droppings in Ohio/Mississippi River valleys

A

histoplasma capsulatum

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18
Q

type of pneumonia due to pet parrot

A

chlamydophila psittaci

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19
Q

causes of meningitis in neonates (

A

GBS
E.coli
listeria monocytogenes

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20
Q

causes of meningitis in infant + children (

A

S. pneumoniae (most common cause in all patient)
N. meningitidis
H. influenzae type B
enterovirus: coxsackie

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21
Q

causes of meningitis in 6-60 yo

A

S. pneumoniae
N. meningitidis (healthy, teenager-young adult)
enterovirus

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22
Q

causes of meningitis in elderly (60+ yo)

A

s. pneumoniae
listeria monocytogenes
G- rods

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23
Q

meningitis in unvaccinated child

Study These Flashcards
A

H. influenzae type B

24
Q

meningitis in outbreak in dorm

Study These Flashcards
A

N. meningitidis

25
meningitis in patient with HIV
cryptococcus neoformans (stains with india ink)
26
RBC in CSF + temporal lobe involvement on MRI
HSV encephalitis
27
meningitis with petechial rash
N. meningitidis
28
``` fever severe headache nuchal rigidity photophobia AMS ```
meningitis
29
diagnosis of meningitis
lumbar puncture
30
G+ diplococci in CSF
s. pneumoniae
31
G- diplococci in CSF
N. meningitidis
32
G- coccobacili in CSF
H. influenzae
33
G+ rods in CSF
listeria monocytogenes
34
empiric treatment of meningitis
broad spectrum: | ceftriaxone + vancomycin +/- ampicillin (use if suspect listeria)
35
vomiting 1-6 hrs after eating reheated rice
food with B. cereus ingest PREFORMED toxin = RAPID onset VOMIT main sx
36
vomit + water diarrhea on cruise
norovirus very contagious: person-to-person or food that someone with norovirus touched or put secretions on VOMIT main sx
37
watery diarrhea 12 hrs after meat or poultry from cafeteria
food with clostridium perfringens SPORES survive high temps meat cooked but left out → spores germinate and grow → ingest WATERY diarrhea
38
inflammatory diarrhea after eating undercooked hamburger meat, followed by acute renal failure
food with E. coli O157:H7 BLOODY diarrhea can cause HUS esp children
39
inflammatory diarrhea 1-3 days after eating undercooked meat/poultry, eggs or produce
food with salmonella
40
vomit 1-6 hrs after eating potato salad at picnic unrefrigerated
food with s. aureus: ingest PREFORMED toxin = RAPID onset VOMIT (not diarrhea)
41
inflammatory diarrhea after eating raw seafood
food with vibrio
42
inflammatory diarrhea followed by ascending paralysis
food with camplyobacter jejuni | ASCENDING paralysis = gullian barre syndrome
43
leukocytes in stool fever ab pain blood or mucus in diarrhea
inflammatory diarrhea: invasion into intestine
44
inflammatory diarrhea after eating undercooked poultry
food with camplyobacter jejuni
45
descending paralysis after ingestion of homemade canned goods
food with clostridium botulinum spores germinate → produce toxin → inhibit release of Ach babies with honey: ingest spore → grow and colonize GI and produce toxin →constipation, "floppy baby" DESCENDING paralysis
46
ways of transmission for osteomyelitis
hematogenous spread contiguous extension from nearby infection (started in soft tissue) direct inoculation: trauma, surgery
47
systemic: fever, chills pain, redness, swelling in region leukocytosis ↑ESR and CRP
osteomyelitis
48
diagnosis of osteomyelitis
gold standard: bone biopsy + culture (won't show up on xray til wks later) MRI radionuclide bone scan
49
most common cause of osteomyelitis
s. aureus
50
osteomyelitis in patient with sickle cell disease
salmonella!!
51
osteomyelitis in patient with prosthetic device
s. epidermidis
52
osteomyelitis involving of vertebrae
myocbacterium tuberculosis (TB in spine = Pott's disease: verebral collapse, spinal cord damage)
53
osteomyelitis following cat bite
pasteurella multocida
54
osteomyelitis in IVDU
s. aureus pseudomonas serratia candida
55
osteomyelitis in diabetic with foot ulcer
polymicrobial: pseudomonas, anaerobes
56
osteomyelitis following puncture wound to foot through sneaker
pseudomonas
57
aspiration pneumonia (consider if delerius - in hospital)
polymicrobial | anaerobes

DIT topics (115 decks)

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