fungal + protozoa + helminths Flashcards

(46 cards)

1
Q

endocarditis in IVDU

A

candida albicans

s. aureus

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2
Q

treatment of superficial c. albicans infection

A
topical:
nystatin
-azole: clotrimazole
oral:
-azole: fluconazole
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3
Q

treatment of disseminated c. albicans infection

A

if immunocompetent: fluconazole

if immuncompromised: amphotericin B or echinocandin

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4
Q

AIDS patient with meningitis

A

cryptococcus neoformans meningitis

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5
Q

soap bubble image in brain

A

crytptococcal meningitis

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6
Q

treatment of cryptococcal meningitis

A

initially: IV amphotericin B + flucytosine

followed by: fluconazole

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7
Q

causes of diffuse interstitial pneumonia

A

mycoplasma (bacteria)

pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP)

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8
Q

treatment of PCP

A
TMP-SMX: begin IV, then oral
if sulfa allergy: 
pentamidine or
clindamycin + primaquine
TMP-SMX prophylaxis: CD4
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9
Q

treatment for aspergillus

A

voriconazole or

lipid formulation of amphotericin B

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10
Q

treatment of rhinocerebral mucormycosis

A

amphotericin B

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11
Q

treatment of dermatophyte infection

A

1) simple skin infection:
topical terbinafine or -azole
2) extensive skin infection or scalp/hair:
oral terbinafine or -azole
3) onychomycosis (tinea unguium, nail infection):
oral terbinafine or itraconazole or fluconazole
4) tinea versicolor:
topical azole or topical selenium sulfide or
oral azole

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12
Q

spaghetti and meatball on KOH

A

Malassezi furfur causing tinea versicolor

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13
Q

opportunistic fungal infections (infect those who are immunocompromised)

A
c. albicans
aspergillus
cryptococcus neoformans
pneumocysitis jirovecii
mucor + rhizopus species
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14
Q

treatment of giardia lamblia

A

metronidazole or

tinidazole

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15
Q

treatment of entamoeba histolytica

A

kill trophozoites: metronidazole or tinidazole

kill cysts in intestine: iodoquinol or paromomycin

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16
Q

common causes of dystentery (blood diarrhea)

A

bacteria:
shigella
protozoa:
entamoeba histolytica

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17
Q

metronidazole uses

A
GET GAP on the Metro
Giardia
Eentamoeba
Trichomonas
Gardnerella vaginalis
Anaerobic bacteria
Pylori (H. pylori)
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18
Q

treatment for trichomonas vaginalis

A

metronidazole (flagyl)

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19
Q

most common protozoal infection in US

A

trichomonas vaginalis

20
Q

treatment of toxoplasma gondii

A

sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine + folinic acid

21
Q

treatment of naegleria fowleri

A

amphotericin B

22
Q

treatment for chagas disease

A

benznidazole or

nifurtimox

23
Q

treatment of visceral leishmaniasis

A

liposomal amphotericin B

24
Q

treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis

A

sodium stibogluconate

25
treatment of p. vivax or p. ovale dormant malarial infection in liver
chloroquine + primaquine
26
treatment of malaria
``` if p. vivax or p. ovale: chloroquine + primaquine (eradicate latent liver stage) if chloroquine-resistant: quinine + doxycycline atovaquone-proguanil artemether-lumefantrine mefloquine ```
27
treatment of babesiosis
quinine + clindamycin
28
most common helminth in US
enterobius vermicularis
29
intestinal nematodes (roundworm)
ingest organism: EAT Enterobius vermicularis (eggs: fecal-oral) Ascaris lumbricoides (eggs: fecal-oral: swallow → intestine) Trichinella spiralis (larvae: undercooked meat) enter through skin (feet → swallow → intestines): SAND Strongyloides stercoralis Ancylostoma and Necator (hookworms) D
30
treatment of hookworm, pinworm, roundworm
1) benzimidazoles: albendazole (worms are bendy = BEND) mebendazole 2) OR pyrantel pamoate
31
treatment of strongyloides stercoralis
ivermectin or | albendazole
32
cestodes (tapeworms)
taenia solium diphyllobothrium latum echinococcus granulosus
33
treatment of taenia solium
albendazole or praziquantel ADD: dexamethasone (prevent worsening CNS symptoms from dying larvae in brain)
34
trematodes (flukes)
schistosoma paragonimus westermani clonorchis sinesis
35
chronic infection with schistosoma haematobium associated with
squamous cell carcinoma of bladder!!
36
egyptian immigrant with hematuria
squamous cell carcinoma of bladder from schistosoma haematobium
37
treatment of schistosomiasis, paragonimus westermani, clonorchis
praziquantel
38
ectoparasites: live on surface of hosts body
lice scabies bedbugs
39
attach ova on hair shaft close to scalp (can see ova, not adult lice)
head lice
40
scalp pruritis (ears, nape of neck)
head lice
41
treatment of head lice (pediculosis capitus) or pubic lice (pediculosis pubis)
topical: permethrin pyrethrin not lindane (neurotoxic + resistance)
42
spread by sexual contact (STD) screen for OTHER STDS! pruritic
pubic lice
43
scabies mite burrows under human skin - reproduces here transmitted by sexual contact with infected person WEBBING b/t fingers, WRISTS, ANKLES, PERIUMBILICAL, PENIS severe pruritis papules + linear burrows dx: mites, egss, feces on skin scraping
scabies
44
treatment of scabies
topical: permethrin 5% cream ivermectin
45
on mattresses: can go months without eating travel 100 feet in night pruritis → superinfection
bedbugs
46
treatment for giardia, entamoeba, trichomonas
metronidazole or tinidazole