C11 - Wine and the Law Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary concern of authorities in charge of food and beverage legislation?

A

To ensure that what is sold is safe and fit for human consumption

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2
Q

Give an example of an area of food safety which is particularly important in the area of wine

A

SO2

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3
Q

What is the issue if SO2 levels are not monitored?

A

High levels can be toxic

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4
Q

Name a safety measure taken pertaining to SO2

A

In most countries, the words ‘contains sulphites’ must appear on the label

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5
Q

Why is it unlikely that a winery will not need to write ‘contains sulfites’?

A

Because fermentation produces an amount of sulfites anyway

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6
Q

What is the main responsibility of the entity that puts a product on sale when it comes to labelling?

A

That descriptions and claims made on packaging are accurate

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7
Q

What is the result on labelling legislation stemming from the necessity of accurate information

A

Label information needs to be clear and able to be checked

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8
Q

Which two aspects of label integrity are the most important?

A

Geographical indications

Legally defined quality and style indications

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9
Q

Why are geographical indications a common feature on a wine label?

A

Because the area where grapes are grown can have a defining influence on the style and quality of the wine

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10
Q

Literally speaking, what is a GI?

A

A designated vineyard area within a country

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11
Q

Roughly how large are GIs?

A

They can cover an entire region (e.g. Bordeaux) or a single vineyard (e.g. La Romanee)

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12
Q

What is a major risk for wines that sell at a premium price?

A

Fraud

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13
Q

Why is GI law relatively complicated?

A

Because when more than one country is involved in the making of the wine, more than one jurisdiction is at play

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14
Q

How are the complications of GI law managed uniformly?

A

A GI system has been created by the WTO which all major wine producing countries adhere to

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15
Q

Give an example of a wine-labelling situation which has been changed as a result of WTO GIs/agreements

A

Australians no longer use the term ‘Chablis’ (or any EU GIs) for any of their wines

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16
Q

List two important regulations enforced regarding WTO GIs

A

If a GI is stated on a label, then typically 85% of the liquid in the bottle will come from that GI (this is not a standard though)
There are significant variations between the way that GI legislation within the EU and outside of it

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17
Q

How are standards different for PDOs?

A

100% of grapes must come from the stated region for PDOs

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18
Q

How many quality categories are EU GIs split into? What are they?

A

Two
Protected Designation of Origin (PDO)
Protected Geographical Indication (PGI)

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19
Q

Broadly speaking, what is the difference between PDOs and PGIs?

A

PDOs are smaller areas with more tightly defined regulations

20
Q

What is the term most commonly used in place of PDO in France? What does it stand for?

A

AC

Appellation d’origine controlee

21
Q

What is the french term for PDO?

A

Appellation d’origine protegee

22
Q

What is increasingly being used in France in place of Vin de Pays?

A

IGP (Indication géographique protegee)

23
Q

What makes european GIs unique?

A

Local laws will typically also state what grape varieties can be grown and what grape-growing and winemaking techniques can be used

24
Q

What is the theoretical result of european GIs combining with stringent local laws?

A

By identifying grape varieties and processes that were used create the region’s best wines, the system can protect what is seen as the unique identity of local wines

25
Q

What does the european GI system promote?

A

Quality and fraud prevention

26
Q

How is the principle that european GI laws prevent fraud, further reinforced by PDO law?

A

PDO rules state that 100% of grapes must come from the stated GI

27
Q

Give two reasons as to why many producers prefer to make wines in the PGI category as opposed to the PDO category

A

The PGI category allows the use of non-traditional varieties in the blend and rules governing production are less strict

28
Q

Loosely describe PGI wines

A

They can range from wines of exceptional quality which simply fall outside of PDO boundaries, to inexpensive high-volume wines

29
Q

What is a notable labelling difference between PGI wines and PDO wines?

A

PGI wines will usually state grape variety on the label

30
Q

What category of wine offers european winemakers the most flexible production rules?

A

Wine without a GI

31
Q

Give an example of what a wine brand owner may be able to create without the restrictions of GI rules

A

Create multi-regional blends by sourcing grapes from different parts of a country, or even multi-national blends

32
Q

Nearly on non EU wines fall into what legal production category?

A

Wines with a GI

33
Q

What is the major difference between EU and non-EU GI wines?

A

Non-EU wines are not governed by local laws to define and limit what local varieties can be planted

34
Q

What is rarely seen on the label of a non-EU wine?

A

Legal terms such as Ward, AVA or Zone

35
Q

When is alcohol consumption not considered as harmful to health?

A

When consumed in moderation

36
Q

What is the behavioural effect of too much alcohol being consumed by one person?

A

It can significantly affect their behaviour, often in dangerous and socially unacceptable ways

37
Q

Besides behavioural connotations, what are the other potential undesirable effects of alcohol in excess?

A

It can be addictive

It can have negative effects on short-term and long-term health

38
Q

In which cultures is alcohol consumption banned altogether?

A

In those which consider it socially unacceptable

39
Q

How are limits applied to access and harmful effects of wine by governments?

A

By using legislation

40
Q

What are the two biggest focuses of alcohol legislation in most countries?

A

A minimum age being set for personal consumption

Blood alcohol levels when driving

41
Q

How is blood alcohol usually expressed?

A

mg of ethanol per ml of blood

42
Q

Why is drink-driving monitored? (What are the main effects which make drink-driving dangerous?)

A

Alcohol reduces co-ordination, slows reaction times and increases risk-taking, therefore driving or operating machinery under the influence of alcohol significantly increases the risk of injury or death for the operator/driver and those around them

43
Q

How else do governments sometimes encourage safe alcohol consumption?

A

By publishing ‘sensible drinking’ guidelines

44
Q

What is the main constituent of sensible drinking guidelines?

A

Recommended daily and weekly maximum consumption amounts expressed as fixed quantities of alcohol or ‘units’

45
Q

How may a government place limits on advertising and marketing of alcohol?

A

Through voluntary industry codes
Through direct legislation
A combination of both

46
Q

What are marketing and advertising legislation designed to do?

A

Place limits on lifestyle claims that can be made or encourage/require the use of responsible drinking messaging in advertising and on packaging