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Dental Boards Review > Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

(95 cards)

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1
Q

The main organ in the cardiovascular system

A

HEART

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2
Q

Heart is found in what cavity?

A

Mediastinal cavity

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3
Q

How many liters of blood is pumped by a healhty person.

A

5-6 LITERS

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4
Q

Function of the heart

A

Pump blood throughout the body via arteries

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5
Q

the outermost layer of the heart that contains FATS

A

Pericardium

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6
Q

the thickest layer of the heart that contains CARDIAC MUSCLE

A

MYOCARDIUM

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7
Q

Endocardium is lined with?

A

Simple squamous

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8
Q

Natural fats in the body is produced by?

A

LIVER

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9
Q

What kind of fat is used by the heart?

A

Triglycerides

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10
Q

Triglycerides when used by the heart becomes?

A

ketone bodies

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11
Q

Frank-starling law stated?

A

increase stretching of cardiac muscle results in forceful contraction

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12
Q

Blood flow in the heart by the UNOXYGENATED PORTION

A

Right atrium > triscuspid valve> right ventricle> pulmonary valve > pulmonary artery > lungs

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13
Q

Blood flow in the heart by the OXYGENATED PORTION

A

Pulmonary vein > left atrium > mitral valve > left ventricle > aortic valve > aorta > ascending aorta > aortic arch> descending aorta (thoracic) > abdominal aorta > median sacral artery

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14
Q

AV valve on the right side

A

Tricuspid valve

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15
Q

one of semilunar valve with 2 leaflet

A

pulmonary valve

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16
Q

simulnar valve with 3 leaflets

A

Aortic valce

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17
Q

AV valve on the left side

A

Mitral valve

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18
Q

The only artery that caries unoxygenated blood

A

Pulmonary artery

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19
Q

What are the Semilunar valves?

A

Pulmonary and Aortic valve

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20
Q

What is the muscle found in the valves?

A

Papillary muscle

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21
Q

What structure refers to “heart strings”?

A

Chorda tendinae

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22
Q

What valve can be heard at the left of the sternal border of 5th intercostal space?

A

Tricuspid valve

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23
Q

What valve can be heard at the midclavicular ine in 5th intercostal space?

A

MITRAL valve

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24
Q

What valve can be heard at the right of the sternal border of 2nd intercostal space?

A

AORTIC valve

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25
What valve can be heard at the left of the sternal border of 2nd intercostal space
PULMONARY valve
26
Closure of tricuspid valve and mitral valve produce what sound?
LUB SOUND
27
Closure of aortic valve and pulmonary valve produce what sound?
DUB sound
28
Heart sounds (Lub and Dub) also known as
murmurs
29
Which murmur is louder?
the LUB sound
30
What is AV valve for?
Prevent backflow of blood
31
Largest vein the body
Inferior Vena Cava
32
These arteries are located at the AORTIC valve.
Left and Right coronary arteries
33
Left and Right coronary arteries are branch of?
Ascending aorta
34
It is the main supply of the heart.
Left and Right coronary arteries
35
Arteries most commonly affected by Heart attack.
Coronary arteries
36
Blood vessel begins at the level of second sternocostal joint and ends at the T4 vertebra.
AORTIC ARCH
37
Cell present at the Aortic arch.
Baroreceptors
38
Branches of Aortic arch
Brachiocephalic > Right common carotid >Right subclavian Left common carotid Left subclavian
39
Baroreceptors are located?
Aortic arch and Carotid Sinus
40
Functions of Baroreceptors
It lowers the blood presure when there is increased blood pressure
41
How does baroreceptor lowers the blood pressure?
Decreasing the arterial pressure Decreasing venous return Decreasing the heart rate
42
Arteries that bifurcate at the level of of C-4
Common carotid artery
43
c-4 is in level with what cartilage.
Cricothyroid cartilage
44
Cell that responds to high blood pressure
Carotid Sinus (baroreceptor)
45
Cell that responds to low oxygen tension.
Carotid body (chemoreceptors)
46
What's the function of pulse?
Continuation of heart beat
47
Main blood supply of the brain.
Internal carotid artery
48
What are the branches of Internal carotid artery?
Anterior cerebral arteries > Anterior communicating artery Middle cerebral artery Ophthalmic artery
49
Main blood supply of the Head and Neck.
External carotid artery
50
Branch of ECA that supplies the larynx and thyroid gland
Superior thyroid artery
51
Branch of ECA that supplies the base of the skull
Ascending pharyngeal artery
52
Branch of ECA that supplies the floor of the mouth and tongue.
Lingual artery
53
Branch of ECA that supplies the face
Facial artery
54
Main blood supply of the Maxillary and Mandibular teeth.
Maxillary artery
55
Branch of ECA that supplies the side of the face and scalp
Superficial temporal artery
56
Branch of ECA that supplies the most posterior branch
Occipital artery
57
Middle meningeal artery arises from?
Maxillary artery
58
Maxillary artery arises from
Facial artery
59
What are the branches of Common carotid artery
``` Superior thyroid artery Ascending pharyngeal artery Lingual artery Facial artery Superficial temporal artery Occipital artery ```
60
Structures passes through parotid gland.
External carotid artery Facial artery Auriculotemporal nerve Maxillary artery
61
Artery that runs vertically with Internal carotid artery.
Ascending Pharyngeal Artery
62
Artery that runs with Hypoglossal nerve
Lingual artery
63
FACIAL artery passes what structures?
Posterior belly of Digastric Stylohyoid Submandibular
64
Maxillary artery embeds in what gland?
Parotid gland
65
True or False. There is NO mandibular artery.
True
66
Middle meningeal artery is encircled by what nerve?
Auriculotemporal nerve
67
Occipital artery runs with what nerve?
Greater Occipital nerve.
68
Branches of subclavian arteries.
``` Vertebral arteries Internal thoracic artery Thyrocervical trunk Costocervical trunk Dorsal scapular artery ```
69
Artery that enters the transverse foramen of C-6 and enters the skull via Foramen magnum.
Vertebral artery
70
Artery formed by the union of Vertebral arteries at pons
Basilar artery
71
What arises from Basilar Artery.
Posterior cerebral arteries
72
What arises from posterior cerebral artery?
Posterior communicating artery
73
What composes the Circle of Willis.
``` Anterior cerebral artery Anterior communicating artery Internal carotid artery Posterior cerebral artery Posterior communicating artery ```
74
What artery is not part of the circle of willis.
Middle cerebral artery
75
Most common pathology in middle cerebral artery.
Stroke
76
Other term for stroke
Cerebrovascular accident
77
Most common pathology in middle meningeal artery.
Epidural hematoma
78
What is stroke?
Sudden paralysis half off the body
79
Most common pathology in Anterior communication artery.
Berry aneurism
80
Berry aneurism occurs in?
Circle of Willis
81
Most common pathology in Coronary arteries.
Myocardial infarction
82
Other term for Myocardial infarction.
Heart attack
83
What is hematoma?
Bloodclot due to trauma
84
What is aneurysm?
Rupture of blood vessel.
85
Branches of DESCENDING aorta
``` Bronchial artery Mediastinal artery Esophageal artery Pericardial artery Superior phrenic artery Intercostal and subcostal arteries ```
86
Location of Descending aorta
T4-T12
87
Branches of ABDOMINAL aorta
``` Inferior phrenic artery Celiac artery Superior mesenteric artery Middle suprarenal arteries Rena arteries Gonadal arteries Inferior mesenteric artery Median sacral artery Lumbar arteries ```
88
Celiac artery supplies what organs?
``` Liver stomach spleen duodenum pancreas ```
89
Superior mesenteric artery supplies?
Duodenum Jujuno-ileum colon (ASC and Trans)
90
Middle suprarenal arteries supplies?
adrenal glands
91
Renal arteries supplies?
kidneys
92
Gonadal arteries supplies?
Testicles and ovaries
93
Inferior mesenteric artery supplies
Descending colon and rectum
94
Median sacral artery supplies?
coccyx lumbar sacrum
95
Lumbar arteries supplies?
Abdominal walls | spinal cord

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